2013小學(xué)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo).doc

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)班復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)安新縣教研室 孫童建我們將從以下四個(gè)方面探討一下我們畢業(yè)班的復(fù)習(xí)。這四個(gè)方面分別是：復(fù)習(xí)的范圍、復(fù)習(xí)的準(zhǔn)備工作、復(fù)習(xí)的原則、復(fù)習(xí)的方法。我們重點(diǎn)放在最后復(fù)習(xí)方法的介紹。1、 明確復(fù)習(xí)范圍： 整體范圍：1-8冊(cè)，一個(gè)是新課標(biāo)二級(jí)目標(biāo)的要求，再一個(gè)是學(xué)科特點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容的持續(xù)性較強(qiáng)，這樣我們不能孤立、片面的考察部分內(nèi)容。 內(nèi)容范圍：依據(jù)我們的教材和新課標(biāo)的要求。比如：語(yǔ)法。課標(biāo)里有明確要求，但具體內(nèi)容掌握到什么程度，還要老師們?cè)谘芯拷滩暮驼n標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上具體把握。二、復(fù)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備工作：1、思想動(dòng)員：認(rèn)識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)的重要性，告訴他們這是他們與別人縮小差距，甚至趕超他們的絕好機(jī)會(huì)，增強(qiáng)自信心復(fù)習(xí)前，英語(yǔ)教師要做好學(xué)生的思想工作，開好思想動(dòng)員會(huì)，確保達(dá)到預(yù)期復(fù)習(xí)效果，確保各個(gè)層次的學(xué)生更上一層樓。2、提前備課：最后的復(fù)習(xí)需要老師做大量的繁重工作，把1-8冊(cè)的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容，歸納總結(jié)，系統(tǒng)梳理。3、制訂復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃 合理安排復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，科學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容，及時(shí)調(diào)整完善這就要求我們復(fù)習(xí)要有計(jì)劃，不要盲目施教。 這里的時(shí)間理解為兩方面，一是總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，二是具體到每節(jié)課40分鐘的時(shí)間，首先，我們要算一算總時(shí)間，我們大概還有多少節(jié)課，要及時(shí)調(diào)整你的教學(xué)策略和進(jìn)度，我們冀教版小學(xué)英語(yǔ)這套教材，詞匯量，句型、日常交際用語(yǔ)（對(duì)話語(yǔ)篇）非常多，在復(fù)習(xí)前，每位英語(yǔ)教師應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容及復(fù)習(xí)安排做到心中有數(shù)，目標(biāo)明確。根據(jù)學(xué)生實(shí)際情況，針對(duì)他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)上的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)制定切實(shí)可行的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃，合理安排復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，然后依照計(jì)劃精心設(shè)計(jì)好每一節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)課進(jìn)行有效的復(fù)習(xí)。要避免復(fù)習(xí)的盲目性，不能想到什么就講什么，東一榔頭西一棒，造成知識(shí)點(diǎn)的疏漏。三：把握（注意）原則：1、關(guān)注學(xué)生心理，營(yíng)造寬松復(fù)習(xí)氛圍 (1)、教師要給予學(xué)生關(guān)愛(ài)和鼓勵(lì)。 (2)、采取多樣的復(fù)習(xí)形式，保持學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。2、以學(xué)生為主體，發(fā)揮學(xué)生的積極主動(dòng)性3. 搞好校本教研（集體備課，資源共享），上好復(fù)習(xí)課常規(guī)課堂四：復(fù)習(xí)方法 復(fù)習(xí)基本可以分為三個(gè)階段，每一個(gè)階段都應(yīng)各有側(cè)重。第一階段我以教材為本，側(cè)重于教材的復(fù)習(xí)與梳理，快速地過(guò)一遍，通過(guò)教材的重現(xiàn)來(lái)歸納語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，講透語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)運(yùn)用，對(duì)各單元的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行梳理，同時(shí)應(yīng)留意基礎(chǔ)單詞、詞組、句型的過(guò)關(guān)，讓學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行“查漏補(bǔ)缺”。在實(shí)際復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)中，有的老師往往跳過(guò)課文直接講知識(shí)點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)法，或者直接把大量的時(shí)間和精力花在做訓(xùn)練、試題上，這種做法是有失偏頗的。復(fù)習(xí)教材上的對(duì)話和課文是最基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)，可以幫助回想所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，可以讓學(xué)生印象更加深刻。復(fù)習(xí)注重教材，回歸文本。第二階段進(jìn)行橫向復(fù)習(xí)，做到點(diǎn)面結(jié)合。假如說(shuō)第一階段是點(diǎn)的復(fù)習(xí)的話，那么第二階段就是面的復(fù)習(xí)。第一階段著重要求學(xué)生對(duì)每個(gè)知識(shí)的過(guò)關(guān)，那么在第二階段我就會(huì)根據(jù)各知識(shí)點(diǎn)的前后聯(lián)系將散落于各冊(cè)書中的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整體歸納、小結(jié)，幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建緊密聯(lián)系的“知識(shí)串”。第三階段的復(fù)習(xí)，我側(cè)重對(duì)做題技巧的講解和做一些學(xué)生易出錯(cuò)的題目，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生把握一些做筆試和聽力題的要領(lǐng)。單項(xiàng)選擇（情景交際）可以用排除法來(lái)做，通過(guò)分析讓學(xué)生掌握每題的做題技巧。小學(xué)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)復(fù)習(xí)六部曲摘要：小學(xué)英語(yǔ)六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、交際功能、文化意識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行總結(jié)、梳理，并輔以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，有利于激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣，鞏固提高所學(xué)知識(shí)，提升綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。具體措施有：夯基礎(chǔ)、背詞匯、熟語(yǔ)法、知規(guī)矩、重交際、活運(yùn)用以及拓展文化、提升素養(yǎng)、重視評(píng)價(jià)等等。關(guān)鍵詞：小學(xué) 英語(yǔ) 復(fù)習(xí)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求小學(xué)學(xué)生畢業(yè)時(shí)達(dá)到二級(jí)目標(biāo)：對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有持續(xù)的興趣和愛(ài)好，能用簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)互致問(wèn)候、交換有關(guān)個(gè)人、家庭和朋友的簡(jiǎn)單信息；能根據(jù)所學(xué)內(nèi)容表演小故事或小短劇；能在圖片的幫助下聽懂、讀懂并講述簡(jiǎn)單的故事；能根據(jù)圖片、詞語(yǔ)或例句的提示寫出簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句；在學(xué)習(xí)中樂(lè)于參與、積極合作、主動(dòng)請(qǐng)教，樂(lè)于了解異國(guó)文化、習(xí)俗。本文擬從語(yǔ)音、詞匯、語(yǔ)法、交際功能、文化意識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)六個(gè)方面提出復(fù)習(xí)意見，以期進(jìn)一步提高小學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。一、 重語(yǔ)音 夯基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)言是交流思想的工具，它首先是有聲的，也就是說(shuō)有聲語(yǔ)言是第一性的。它通過(guò)人發(fā)出的聲音，達(dá)到交流思想的目的。（一） 知道錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)音會(huì)影響交際（二） 知道字母名稱的讀音如：（三） 了解重音 重音包括單詞重音和句子重音。兩者都很重要。句子重音要和節(jié)奏、句型、對(duì)話結(jié)合，通過(guò)規(guī)范化朗讀和背誦形成對(duì)句子重音的把握。節(jié)奏要和重音、停頓聯(lián)系起來(lái)，在練習(xí)時(shí)要注意這樣一種現(xiàn)象：English is interesting. The English book is interesting. The English book is very interesting.語(yǔ)調(diào)達(dá)意的訓(xùn)練，可以通過(guò)停頓，了解停頓在句中的不同位置對(duì)語(yǔ)義有不同的影響。如：I dont know, Sam. I dont know Sam.(四)語(yǔ)音清楚，語(yǔ)調(diào)自然通過(guò)游戲及一些自編材料復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固語(yǔ)音1 讀下面這段話，里面含48個(gè)音標(biāo)：Look at Kates picture. Some birds are in an orange tree. A young woman in a red dress is under the tree. I think she is a teacher. Oh, there is a poor girl over there. She looks like a boy. Perhaps she is five. Whats more, there is a cow near her.2.自編一些Rhyme.如：A: Name, name, whats your name?Game, game, lets play a game. Lake, lake, this is a lake.Plane, plane, is that a plane?Grade, grade, Im in Grade One.Make, make, I can make a paper plane.B: You see, Im a little bee. Flying over the tree. When you eat sweets with tea, dont forget me, dont forget me.C: Sleep at night, I dont know why. Say “Good night”, it is polite. In the morning light, to do what is right, with all your might.【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】同學(xué)們，你能根據(jù)拼讀規(guī)律，讀出這些單詞嗎？Cake-name-tape note-home-rope fine-time-kite Rain-train-paint day-ray-may-haySleep-feet-street-tree snow-bowl-throw-windowBoat-coat-toast-soap this-that-brother-mother-fatherEar-hear-beer-near-here(五)能基本正確的使用大小寫字母和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)1句子開頭的字母，包括完整句子或不完整的句子，其開頭字母必須大寫。如：Thanks a lot!2.句子加引號(hào)部分的開頭字母須大寫。如：Mr. Wood says “Sit down, please.”3.位于人名或姓氏之前，表示親屬關(guān)系的詞，其開頭字母須大寫。如：Aunt Liu4.表示人民、民族和語(yǔ)言的詞，其開頭字母須大寫。如：English, American5.人名、地名、國(guó)名、重要建筑物等常用名詞的首字母須大寫。其中，人名里的姓和名的首字母都要大寫。如：Beijing, Baoding , London, China. Li Ming6.星期、月份、節(jié)日名稱等開頭字母須大寫。如：Monday, June, Christmas7.表示“我”的字母“I”永遠(yuǎn)大寫。、英語(yǔ)小常識(shí)：常見字母縮略詞Mon. 星期一 Tue.星期二 Wed.星期三 Thu.星期四 Fri.星期五 Sat.星期六 Sun.星期日J(rèn)an.一月 Feb. 二月 Mar.三月 Apr.四月 May.五月 Jun.六月 Jul.七月 Aug.八月 Sep.九月Oct.十月 Nov.十一月 Dec.十二月 A.M上午 P.M.下午WHO世界衛(wèi)生組織 WC廁所UN聯(lián)合國(guó) ID身份證 CD光盤 WTO世界貿(mào)易組織IQ智商 VIP重要人物PRC中華人民共和國(guó)ABC基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)CPU.中央處理器IT信息技術(shù)TV電視Tel 電話 km公里 ISO國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織 cm厘米 mm毫米 Add.地址 EXP 出口 RMB人民幣 OK好，行 UK 聯(lián)合王國(guó) TM商標(biāo) CCTV 中央電視臺(tái)二、 背詞匯 抓關(guān)鍵詞匯是構(gòu)筑語(yǔ)言大廈最基本的材料。不掌握相當(dāng)數(shù)量的詞匯，英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力就無(wú)從談起。（一） 記單詞的方法1 同音詞記憶：Son-sun eye-I two-too their-there no-know our-hour here-hear2 同義詞或近義詞記憶：Learn-study speak-tell-talk-say see-look-watch listen-hear close-shut3 反義詞記憶：Open-close big-small，dirtyclean, beautifulugly, borrowlend, takebring, longshort, oldyoung, oldnew, hotcold, warmcool4.分類記憶：名詞（人物，學(xué)習(xí)用品，食品，服裝，動(dòng)物，交通工具，飲料，學(xué)習(xí)科目等）、動(dòng)詞（記動(dòng)詞時(shí)可通過(guò)句子及對(duì)話內(nèi)容來(lái)記，這樣有利于了解詞的實(shí)際用法）5.前綴后綴記憶：Telephone, television, telegraph, Backward, toward, forward, upward,6.合成詞共有的部分記憶：Bookcase, bookshelf, bookstore-7.音、形易混詞記憶Shipsheep, thisthese, pearbear, thingsing, thinksink8.快速聯(lián)想記憶：基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞：onefirst, two-second形容詞副詞:quickquickly, slow-slowly動(dòng)詞-名詞：teachteacher9.用組詞、造句的方法記憶：在了解某一單詞的音、形、義之后，讓學(xué)生正確理解并實(shí)際運(yùn)用這一單詞。如組詞造句，這樣能夠達(dá)到加深印象的目的。如：學(xué)了every一詞，可先組成every body, every day, every evening, every place, every hour等詞組，還可以造句：Every boy was excited when they won the game. We read English every day.Every animal lives happily in the zoo.(二)詞匯分類：分類詞匯相關(guān)句子形狀circle, square, triangle, shape, lineWhat is your favourite shape?家庭成員grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, aunt, uncle, cousin, brother, sister, daughter, son, wife, husbandThis is _.He/She is my_.My father wears glasses.My grandmother is older/younger than my grandfather.職業(yè)teacher, cashier, queen, student, doctor, businessman, businesswoman, judge, police officer, bus driver, carpenter, clerk, waitress, waiter, president, player, friendWhat is she/he?What does your father do?He/She is a/an_.學(xué)習(xí)、教學(xué)用具blackboard, chalk, eraser, paper, glasses, computer, book, chair, desk, marker, pen, pencil, scissors, pencil-caseWhat is it? Its a/an_.服裝clothes, jeans, jacket, coat, blouse, dress, hat, pants, shorts, shirt, shoes, boots, skirt, socks, sweater, scarf, cap, pyjamas, slippers, housecoat, mittens, sandals, runnersWhat is he/she wearing? He/She is wearing_.Whose _is it/ are they?Is it new?Are they old?飲食Snack, food, chicken, meat, noodles, dumplings, fish, egg, rice, soup, donut,hot dog, dessert, cake, bread toast and jam pizza,sandwich, cookie, French, fries, hamburger, porridge, cereal, sugar, salt, pepper, milk, juice, pop, tea, water, ice cream, flour, oil, vegetables, cabbage, pea, onion, carrot, apple, banana, melon, fruit, grapes, strawberry(strawberries) orangeWhat is your favourite food/fruit/vegetables?I like_.Would you like_?Yes, please. No, thanks.Whats for breakfast/lunch/supper?I like_ for breakfast/lunch/supper.How much is it/are they?Im hungry. I want to eat. Im thirsty. I want to drink. 交通工具bus bicycle cab car truck airplane(plane) trainHow do you go to school?I go to school by bus/bicycle/cab/car/truck airplane(plane) /train./on foot.A _is faster/slower than a _.月份January February March April May June July August September October November December Whats the date today?Its _.When is your birthday/Childrens Day?星期Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday What day is it today?Its_.季節(jié)Season, spring, summer, fall, winterWhat is your favourite season?My favourite season is winter. Because I like to skate on the ice.時(shí)間Morning afternoon evening minute hour day week month year now today yesterday tomorrowWhat time is it?When do you go to school?動(dòng)物Snake zebra rabbit donkey mouse horse chicken elephant goat kangaroo lion monkey pig sheep tiger camel ostrich cat cow dog duck wolf panda giraffe fish bird wing beak feather fur paw tail mane pouch trunk stripeCan a bird fly?Yes, it can.Does a tiger have fur?Where does a/an _live?In a _.植物 自然Rose tree grass flower leaf forest mountain ocean sea beach rock mudWhat is it?天氣Sun cloud rain wind snow ice sunny cloudy rainy windy snowy temperature degreesHow is the weather today?Whats the weather like today?Its sunny. Whats the temperature outside?Its twenty degrees. 顏色Black brown green orange pink purple white gray blue red yellow blondWhat colour is it?Its red.What is your favourite colour?身體部位Body arm ear elbow eye finger foot (復(fù)數(shù)為feet) hand head knee leg mouth nose shoulder stomach toe bone muscle skin hair face This is _.What is the matter?My_hurts. I have a headache.方位 方向East west south north bottom corner up down left right top fromtoin on under behind in front of inside outside near far from above below besideThis is _.East points up on a map.The bed is beside the dresser.數(shù)字基數(shù)詞：one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred序數(shù)詞：first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty- firstHow many apples do you have?I have three.June first is Childrens Day.Sunday is the first day of the week.國(guó)家China Beijing Chinese Tiananmen Square The Palace Museum The Great Wall Canada Ottawa English and French Niagara Falls The Rocky Mountains The U.S.(America) Washington D.C. English The White House The Statue of Liberty The U.K.(Britain) London English Buckingham palace Australia Canberra EnglishWhere do you live?I live in China.We speak Chinese in China.What is the capital city of China?Beijing is the capital city of China.地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)所和道路Avenue road street hotel house restaurant gym library shop apartment zoo bedroom classroom bathroom living room kitchen office apartment building park silk shop clothes shop department store movie theatre mall grocery store farm field palace train station square museum bus stopLets to the zoo to watch animals.Where are you going?To the _.Where is the park?I can show you.文體生活Name family birthday present party souvenir gift team score sport game picture story song toy teddy bear paddle skipping-rope cards checkers newspaper badminton ping-pong basketball soccer envelope letter picture E-mail postcard stamp doll ball kite map class exercise chart homeworkWhat sports do you play?I play ping-pong.I want to send an e-mail to my friend.家具、電器、日常用品Bed table telephone/phone TV radio refrigerator lamp light door window stairs dresser closet couch sink bathtub shower bath toilet breakfast lunch supper key bowl dish chopsticks brush comb soap toothbrush towel bandage umbrella bottle candle ticket camera filmWhat is it?Its a lamp.【詞匯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】1看圖寫單詞： _ _ _ _ _2. 根據(jù)圖片提示，選擇相應(yīng)單詞或短語(yǔ)。 A.play ping-pong A.vegetables A.the U.S. A.bathroom A.a manB.play basketball B. flowers B.the U.K. B.bedroom B.some menC.play badmintonC.cabbages C.Canada C.living room C.some women3. 根據(jù)提示，在橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~形式完成句子1.-What did you do yesterday? -I _(play) soccer.2.-How many _（綿羊）can you see? -Thirteen.3.Jennys birthday is in _(七月).4.A train is faster than a bus, but _(slow) than a plane.5.The dresser is _(在-旁邊）the bed.4選擇填空：( )1.You can brush your teeth in the _. A. living room B. bedroom C. bathroom( )2._lines make a square. A.Four B.Five C.Three( )3._did you come to Canada? I came on Monday. A.How B. When C.What( )4.Steven always wears pants. He _wears dresses.A.usually B. never C. always( )5.My mothers sister is my _.A.sister B.aunt C.uncle( )6.We go to the _to _.A. park, have lunch B.gym, watch the animals C. movie theatre, watch a movie( )7.My mother is a _.A.son B.doctor C.door( )8.My father is tall, but I am _.A. shot B.long C. thin( )9.Ottwa is the capital city of _.A.the U.S. B.the U.K. C.Canada( )10.Its hot. Please put on your _.A.sweater B.scarf C.skirt【句子專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】連詞成句：1. a, this, book, is2. am, than, I, younger, my, mother3. you, to, school, how, go, do4. Beijing, capital ,China, the, is, of , city5. cold, a, day, what三、熟語(yǔ)法 知規(guī)矩英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)對(duì)語(yǔ)法的要求（二級(jí)）：1 在具體語(yǔ)境中理解以下語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的意義和用法：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和名詞所有格；人稱代詞和形容詞性物主代詞；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn) 和位置的常用介詞；簡(jiǎn)單句的基本形式。2 在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中體會(huì)以上語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的表意功能： 英語(yǔ)和其它語(yǔ)言一樣，也有規(guī)律可循，這一規(guī)律就叫語(yǔ)法。下面列舉一些規(guī)律，并把它加以歸納、簡(jiǎn)化，讓學(xué)生輕輕松松的學(xué)，快快樂(lè)樂(lè)的用。（一） 名詞名詞是表示人、事物名稱的詞。1 名詞的數(shù)：名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。（1） 可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。表示一個(gè)人或事物用單數(shù)形式：a book, a girl表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物用復(fù)數(shù)形式：多數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式在其單數(shù)后面加-s或-es構(gòu)成，如：two books復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則如下：變化規(guī)則例詞規(guī)則變化一般情況下，直接加-sbook-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es 一些以o結(jié)尾的名詞加-esbus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, peach-peachespotato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-esknife-knives,leaf-leaves, wife-wives, knife-knives以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-esfamily-families,strawberry-strawberries,baby-babies,country-countries不規(guī)則變化單復(fù)同形Sheep-sheep元音變化man-men, woman-women child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth本身就以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：scissors, pants, jeans, trousers, clothes, pyjamas,shorts,(2)不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞不分單復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面不能用a/an.常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：water, tea, milk, juice, meat, bread等。2 名詞的所有格：名詞中表示所有關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞所有格。名詞所有格有兩種形式：一是加s,一是用of 表示。This is Jennys hat.This is a photo of her family.【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】1、 寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。child _ photo _ boy_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ bus_ strawberry _ desk_ monkey_ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_brush_2.用所給詞的正確形式填空。（1）Are there two ( pen) on the table?（2）I can see some ( child ) in the picture.（3）How many ( hour) are there in a day?（4）Herere five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.（5）This (書) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.【冠詞】是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞”和“定冠詞”兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個(gè)，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。如：an e-mail, an apple, an orange, an old man, an English book, an hour,an umbrella, an egg -基本用法：第一次提到的某人或某物，起介紹作用。如：This is a book.2、定冠詞：the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒(méi)有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：（1）上文中已提到過(guò)的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.（2）用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：the sun太陽(yáng) the moon月亮 the earth地球 (3)用在序數(shù)詞之前。Sunday is the first day of the week. (4)用在樂(lè)器之前。Play the piano (5)用在專有名詞之前?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】（1）This is orange. (2) I have _bag. You have _old bag. (3)Monday is _second day of the week. (4)He can play _piano.(5)_Palace Museum is old and beautiful. (三)代詞：是指代名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞的詞。有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞1、人稱代詞：是用來(lái)表示你我他（它，她），你們、我們、他（它，她）們的詞。人稱代詞有人、數(shù)、格的變化。第三人稱的單數(shù)人稱代詞還有性的變化。2、物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞。分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。教學(xué)要求掌握形容詞性物主代詞。請(qǐng)牢記下表：人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱Imeweusmymineourours第二人稱youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人稱hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits3、指示代詞：指示代詞有this, that, these, those如：This is my book. Those are trees. 4、不定代詞：不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞。常見不定代詞有：some, any, something, everyone等。I have some books.There isnt any water in the bottle. Would you like something to eat?Everyone is very happy.【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】選詞填空：（1） We like _（he, him）very much.（2） Is this _(your, yours) book?（3） _(This, These)are Jennys books.（4） Would you like _(some, something) to drink?（5） I dont have _(some, any)balls.（6） _(She, Her)is a teacher.（7） This is _(my, me) bedroom.（8） Are these your gloves? Yes, _(they, them) are.（四）數(shù)詞分為：基數(shù)詞（表示數(shù)量多少）和序數(shù)詞（表示順序第幾）。1、基數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞不難記，找到規(guī)律很容易：12之內(nèi)詞各異，13-19后加teen;整十之后加ty,說(shuō)幾十幾需加-，hundred 是一百，單獨(dú)記住別忘記。2、序數(shù)詞：牢記下面口訣：基變序、有規(guī)律，詞尾加上“th”；一、二、三特殊記，詞尾字母t或d；八減t、九去e、f來(lái)把ve替；單詞ty作結(jié)尾，ty先改tie；若是碰到幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以。特殊：one-first, two-second , three-third, five-fifth , nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, forty-fortieth, ninety-nineninety-ninth【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】選詞填空：1. February is the _(two , second) day of a year.2. One plus four is _(five, fifth).3. There are _(seven, seventh) days in a week.4. Today is May_(twelve, twelfth).5. I have _(nine, ninth) books.（五）介詞介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞，詞與句關(guān)系的詞。常見介詞及用法見下表：例詞例句表示時(shí)間InOnAt In 2012, in May , in the morning.On Saturday, on May first, At 7:00表示方位In OnAtAboveBelowBehindBetweenUnderBesideAcross fromIn the deskOn the deskAt the store, at he traffic lightsThe picture is above the bed.The bed is below the picture. Jenny is behind the tree.The school is between the store and the bank.The ball is under the desk.The dresser is beside the bed.The restaurant is across from the bicycle shop.表示所有格Of This is a picture of her family.其它常用介詞About by for from to with 【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】用介詞填空：1. We go to school _the morning.2. Turn left _the traffic lights.3. How far is it _the park to your home?4. I will go to the zoo _my father and mother.5. I get up _seven oclock.6. He arrived _London yesterday.(六)形容詞形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞，表示任何事物的性質(zhì)和特征。1 互為反義的形容詞：Happy-sad long-short cold- hot cool-warm oldyoung newold nearfarFastslow dirtyclean highlow drywet heavylight quietloud, strongweakHealthy sick lateearly big-little/small white-black2 形容詞比較級(jí)：基本用法：A is +形容詞比較級(jí)+than +B例如：A train is faster than a bike. 形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成：（1） 一般情況下