《婦產科學緒論》PPT課件

婦產科學ObstetricsandGynecology,大連醫(yī)科大學第二臨床學院婦產科學教研室姜曉晶教授PhoneObstetricsandGynecologyrelatesmedicine,surgeryandpediatrics.anditisimportantsubjectwhichhaswideinformation,第一章緒論Chapteroneintroduction,History,Obstetricsandgynecologyweremarkedbytechnical,intellectual,andsocialinnovationintheearlymodernperiod.Whilefemalemidwivescontinuedtodeliveralmostallbabies,bothmaleandfemalewriterssoughttoimproveobstetricalpractice,andanatomistsstrovetounderstandtheworkingsofthehumanbody,includingthefemalesexualandreproductivesystems.Althoughhistoriansargueabouttheactualextentofmaternalmortality,itisclearfromsourcesthatwomenfearedlosingtheirlivesinchildbirthandthatmostwomenknewpersonallyanotherwomanwhodiedinchildbirthorshortlythereafter.Similarly,whilethefullextentofneonataldeathinearlymodernEuropewillremainunknown,itisclearthatbirthwasfarmorehazardousforbabiesthanfortheirmothers.,Obstetricsandgynecologyweregroundedinclassicalandmedievalprecedent.ThefirstEuropeanvernacularworkonobstetrics,EuchariusRoeslinsRosegarten,waspublishedinGermanin1513andwasreprintedatleastanothertwenty-fourtimesupto1608.Addressedtomidwivesandmarriedwomen,itdescribesthemechanicsoflaboranddelivery,careofthenewborn,andcommoncomplaintsinpregnancy.RoeslinssontranslatedtheworkintoLatin,andthebooksubsequentlybecameaEuropeanbest-seller,translatedintoFrench,Dutch,Spanish,Danish,English,andCzechandrepublishedintotheeighteenthcentury.,AlthoughRoeslinsworkproclaimeditselftobeforapopularorlayaudience,itowedmuchtolearnedauthorities.Scholarshipsuggeststhattheworkwasnotoriginallywrittenformidwivesbutformedicalmen.Inhispreface,RoeslindescribeshowGalen(129c.199C.E.),Rhazes(Rz,c.865between923and935),Avicenna(IbnSn,9801037),andAverros(IbnRushd,11261198)struggledtounderstandthehumanbody,andthenplaceshisownworkwithinthislearnedmasculinelineage.Muchofthebook,includingtheillustrations,ultimatelyderivesfromclassicalantiquity,specificallyfromGynecologybySoranus(c.100C.E.).,IndeedsomehistorianshavearguedthatcontemporarymidwiferypracticewasmoresophisticatedthanRoeslinsclassicallybasedtextmightsuggest.Roeslinafterallwasworkingfromtexts,notfromexperiencedeliveringhealthybabies,andhisprefacesuggestsascornforthemanualknowledgeandskillmidwivespossessed.,18世紀末剖腹取胎術1978年第一個試管嬰兒路易布朗的誕生，產前診斷、胎兒宮內治療1940年巴巴尼古拉的陰道宮頸細胞學檢測90年代的TBS系統(tǒng)，CCT（計算機輔助細胞檢測），Thinprep細胞涂片，腫瘤綜合治療、腫瘤疫苗研究1909年第一枚蠶腸線IUD含銅、含藥形狀各異的IUD，計劃生育基礎理論研究和臨床技術實施成為發(fā)展中國家的典范,婦產科學醫(yī)學科學重要組成部分涉及面廣、整體性強與內科、外科并駕齊驅,婦產科學范疇,研究婦女特有的生理和病理的醫(yī)學學科產科學、婦科學、計劃生育,產科學,對象研究內容,產科學(Obstetrics)產科學基礎生理產科學病理產科學胎兒及早期新生兒學圍生醫(yī)學,婦科學,對象研究內容,婦科學（Gynecology)婦科學基礎生殖器炎癥生殖器腫瘤生殖內分泌疾病生殖器損傷生殖器畸形其他（內異癥）,計劃生育避孕絕育優(yōu)生,婦產科學特點,婦產科學與其他學科密不可分婦產科學本身是個整體不可分割婦產科學是臨床醫(yī)學又是預防醫(yī)學,產科學進展(advanceofobstetrics),產科理論體系轉變產前診斷及PGD圍生期胎兒及新生兒超聲監(jiān)測胎兒宮內治療,產科學進展(advanceofobstetrics),輔助生殖技術妊娠合并癥的診斷及處理剖宮產相關問題分娩減痛術圍生期感染及STD,婦科學進展(advanceofgyn.),普通婦科腔鏡婦科內分泌婦科腫瘤婦科創(chuàng)傷與修復婦科,如何學習？,1:兩個階段系統(tǒng)學習階段畢業(yè)實習階段2:兩個問題教與學的問題,教學目標,圍繞教學大剛要求，組織教學掌握基本理論、基本知識、基本技能系統(tǒng)學習+畢業(yè)實習=合格醫(yī)生,教學方法,1:系統(tǒng)講授2:專題講座目的（1）了解學科最新發(fā)展動態(tài)（2）臨床工作焦點、難點問題3:模擬查房效果（1）鞏固