《婦產(chǎn)科學緒論》PPT課件

婦產(chǎn)科學ObstetricsandGynecology,大連醫(yī)科大學第二臨床學院婦產(chǎn)科學教研室姜曉晶教授PhoneObstetricsandGynecologyrelatesmedicine,surgeryandpediatrics.anditisimportantsubjectwhichhaswideinformation,第一章緒論Chapteroneintroduction,History,Obstetricsandgynecologyweremarkedbytechnical,intellectual,andsocialinnovationintheearlymodernperiod.Whilefemalemidwivescontinuedtodeliveralmostallbabies,bothmaleandfemalewriterssoughttoimproveobstetricalpractice,andanatomistsstrovetounderstandtheworkingsofthehumanbody,includingthefemalesexualandreproductivesystems.Althoughhistoriansargueabouttheactualextentofmaternalmortality,itisclearfromsourcesthatwomenfearedlosingtheirlivesinchildbirthandthatmostwomenknewpersonallyanotherwomanwhodiedinchildbirthorshortlythereafter.Similarly,whilethefullextentofneonataldeathinearlymodernEuropewillremainunknown,itisclearthatbirthwasfarmorehazardousforbabiesthanfortheirmothers.,Obstetricsandgynecologyweregroundedinclassicalandmedievalprecedent.ThefirstEuropeanvernacularworkonobstetrics,EuchariusRoeslinsRosegarten,waspublishedinGermanin1513andwasreprintedatleastanothertwenty-fourtimesupto1608.Addressedtomidwivesandmarriedwomen,itdescribesthemechanicsoflaboranddelivery,careofthenewborn,andcommoncomplaintsinpregnancy.RoeslinssontranslatedtheworkintoLatin,andthebooksubsequentlybecameaEuropeanbest-seller,translatedintoFrench,Dutch,Spanish,Danish,English,andCzechandrepublishedintotheeighteenthcentury.,AlthoughRoeslinsworkproclaimeditselftobeforapopularorlayaudience,itowedmuchtolearnedauthorities.Scholarshipsuggeststhattheworkwasnotoriginallywrittenformidwivesbutformedicalmen.Inhispreface,RoeslindescribeshowGalen(129c.199C.E.),Rhazes(Rz,c.865between923and935),Avicenna(IbnSn,9801037),andAverros(IbnRushd,11261198)struggledtounderstandthehumanbody,andthenplaceshisownworkwithinthislearnedmasculinelineage.Muchofthebook,includingtheillustrations,ultimatelyderivesfromclassicalantiquity,specificallyfromGynecologybySoranus(c.100C.E.).,IndeedsomehistorianshavearguedthatcontemporarymidwiferypracticewasmoresophisticatedthanRoeslinsclassicallybasedtextmightsuggest.Roeslinafterallwasworkingfromtexts,notfromexperiencedeliveringhealthybabies,andhisprefacesuggestsascornforthemanualknowledgeandskillmidwivespossessed.,18世紀末剖腹取胎術1978年第一個試管嬰兒路易布朗的誕生，產(chǎn)前診斷、胎兒宮內(nèi)治療1940年巴巴尼古拉的陰道宮頸細胞學檢測90年代的TBS系統(tǒng)，CCT（計算機輔助細胞檢測），Thinprep細胞涂片，腫瘤綜合治療、腫瘤疫苗研究1909年第一枚蠶腸線IUD含銅、含藥形狀各異的IUD，計劃生育基礎理論研究和臨床技術實施成為發(fā)展中國家的典范,婦產(chǎn)科學醫(yī)學科學重要組成部分涉及面廣、整體性強與內(nèi)科、外科并駕齊驅,婦產(chǎn)科學范疇,研究婦女特有的生理和病理的醫(yī)學學科產(chǎn)科學、婦科學、計劃生育,產(chǎn)科學,對象研究內(nèi)容,產(chǎn)科學(Obstetrics)產(chǎn)科學基礎生理產(chǎn)科學病理產(chǎn)科學胎兒及早期新生兒學圍生醫(yī)學,婦科學,對象研究內(nèi)容,婦科學（Gynecology)婦科學基礎生殖器炎癥生殖器腫瘤生殖內(nèi)分泌疾病生殖器損傷生殖器畸形其他（內(nèi)異癥）,計劃生育避孕絕育優(yōu)生,婦產(chǎn)科學特點,婦產(chǎn)科學與其他學科密不可分婦產(chǎn)科學本身是個整體不可分割婦產(chǎn)科學是臨床醫(yī)學又是預防醫(yī)學,產(chǎn)科學進展(advanceofobstetrics),產(chǎn)科理論體系轉變產(chǎn)前診斷及PGD圍生期胎兒及新生兒超聲監(jiān)測胎兒宮內(nèi)治療,產(chǎn)科學進展(advanceofobstetrics),輔助生殖技術妊娠合并癥的診斷及處理剖宮產(chǎn)相關問題分娩減痛術圍生期感染及STD,婦科學進展(advanceofgyn.),普通婦科腔鏡婦科內(nèi)分泌婦科腫瘤婦科創(chuàng)傷與修復婦科,如何學習？,1:兩個階段系統(tǒng)學習階段畢業(yè)實習階段2:兩個問題教與學的問題,教學目標,圍繞教學大剛要求，組織教學掌握基本理論、基本知識、基本技能系統(tǒng)學習+畢業(yè)實習=合格醫(yī)生,教學方法,1:系統(tǒng)講授2:專題講座目的（1）了解學科最新發(fā)展動態(tài)（2）臨床工作焦點、難點問題3:模擬查房效果（1）鞏固