高考英語主謂一致完全解析及高考真題

主語和謂語的一致(Agreement between subject and verb) Definition: 主語要和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致叫主謂一致。 主謂一致包括三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。 語法一致原則：指用作主語的名詞詞組的中心詞和謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致。 介詞短語 with, as well as, including, except, except for, but, together, besides, rather than, along with, together with 等修飾主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)的形式與介詞前面的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。e.g. I, along with my parents, am a football fan.The girl as well as boys likes playing basketball.2 由each 和 every 修飾的名詞以及由 every-, any-, some-, no- 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞都當(dāng)作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. Every hour and every minute is important.Every boy and every girl enjoys the holiday.Someone is waiting for you.Everyone is here.Everything is ready.3 動名詞（短語），不定式（短語）和從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g. To see is to believe.Walking on the moon is very difficult.What he said is wrong.注：. 在用形式主語it 的句中和在用it 作主語的強調(diào)句中，謂語動詞總用單數(shù)。e.g. It isnt obvious who will be the best.It was he who taught us English last year. what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語一般用單數(shù)，但如果表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. What he left me are some old books. 定語從句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和先行詞保持一致，但如果先行詞受到 one of 的修飾時定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞受到the only (very, last) one of 的修飾時定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. He has some books which were bought yesterday.He is one of the students who have passed the exam.He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.4 many a + n.(單數(shù))/ more than one +n.(單數(shù)) 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. More than one student likes the popular song- Fly Freely.Many a boy and many a girl has been to Beijing. 5 a number of , a good/ great many, quite a few, scores of 加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)； a large amount of, a great deal of 加不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, plenty of 等后面如果接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如果接不可數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式; amounts of, masses of, quantities of, varieties of 無論后接什么名詞，謂語動詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注：the number of +n.(pl.)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。6 分數(shù)和百分數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后面名詞的形式。e.g. One third of the books are worth reading.20% of the students are absent today.7 kind/ sort/ type/ form/ series/ species of + n. 作主語時，謂語動詞形式取決于這些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而不是它們后面的名詞。e.g. This new type of buses is new on show.(但 Buses of this kind are new on show.)All kinds of difficulties have to be over come. 意義一致原則：指在意義上，主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式需要與謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。有時主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)。1 主語是 the people, the police, the public, the cattle, the youth 等集體名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. The police are questioning everyone in the house.2 集體名詞army, audience, enemy, family, committee, company, public, couple, group, staff, crew, team等，若作 “整體” 對待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若著眼于其中各個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. The couple is talking with their son.The team are cheering for their success.3 主語是 “the+ adj.” 表一類人或物時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the wounded.e.g. the old are taken care of here.4 表時間、金錢、距離、溫度、度量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，具有 “整體” 概念，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Two years is enough.A hundred miles is a long distance.5 一些由兩個相同部分組成一個整體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, scissors 等作主語時，如主語前有 “一條” “一把” “一雙”等量詞修飾，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如主語前是復(fù)數(shù)修飾語或沒有修飾語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. This pair of shoes is Toms.The shoes are Toms.6 以 “-ics”和 “-s”結(jié)尾的表學(xué)科的名詞和不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式。(news, plastics, wroks等)。e.g. Physics is not easy to learn.Plastics is a kind of matter.7 兩個名詞由and 或 bothand連接作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式， 但當(dāng)and不表并列意義，連接兩個在意義上表同一人、物或概念或由兩個部件配成的物品時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g. My brother and I have both seen the film.Both rice and wheat are grown in China.The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.One more knife and fork is needed.War and peace is a long theme in history.8 表示國家、城市、人名、書名、報紙、雜志及組織等的專有名詞作主語，常作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g. Shanghai is the biggest city in China.The United States lies in North America.9 表示國家、民族的形容詞與the連用，指整個民族，有多數(shù)的含義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表語言時用單數(shù)。e.g. The French are brave.French is a beautiful language.10 “a+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，但 “one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. A day or two has passed.One or two days have passed.11 兩個主語，一個表肯定，另一個表否定，謂語動詞的數(shù)與表肯定的主語一致。e.g. I, not you, am the right person to do the work.12 一些以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的單復(fù)同形名詞，作主語時，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式要根據(jù)句子的具體含義來定，常見的這類以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的單復(fù)同形詞有：means(方法，手段), bellows(風(fēng)箱，減壓艙), species(種類), series(系列),works(工廠), barracks(兵營，營房),lazybones(懶骨頭), headquarters(司令部),gallows(絞臺),links(高爾夫球場).e.g. One means Every means has been tried.All means Such means are unpleasant.13 英語中有些單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞是以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，這些詞主要有下面幾種：. 某些動物名稱：sheep，deer等。. 以 “-ese”或 “-ss” 結(jié)尾的國家名稱：Chinses, Japanese, Swiss等。. 漢語音譯的表示度量衡、貨幣等單位的名稱：jin(斤), yuan(人民幣元)等。. craft(指船或飛機)，aircraft(飛機)等。注：有時此類動物名稱加 “-s”表示不同種類：e.g. two fish (同種)兩條魚two fishes 兩條不同的魚 就近一致原則：指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。 由or, eitheror, neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut連接的并列主語。e.g. Either Tom or you are going to help us.Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. 在there be和here be 表 “存在”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞與最近的主語保持一致。e.g. There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.Here are my answers to your questions.注：as well as 遵循就前一致原則(前面已有例句)Step 3. Exercises and homework【2006 上海春季】China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _ new policies according to WTO requirements.A.forming B.to formC.to be formingD.have formed2.【2005 全國】While watching television, _.A.the doorbell rangB.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ringing D.we heard the doorbell rings3.【2005 北京】The prize of the game show is $30 000 and all expense_vacation to China.A.payingB.paidC.to be paidD.being paid4.【2005 上?！縋rofessor Smith, along with his assistants, _on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A.workB.workingC.is workingD.are working5.【2005 上?！緼t last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sittingB.having satC.to sitD.sat6.【2005 遼寧】Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _in the clothing industry.A.is workingB.worksC.workD.worked7.【2005 山東】With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A.is washing awayB.is being washed awayC.are washing awayD.are being washed away8.【2005 江西】_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering fro the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life.A.Having given up hope of cureB.With no hope for cureC.There being hope for cureD.In the hope of cure9.【2005 上海】The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not makingB.not makeC.not to makeD.nor to make10.【2005 上?！縏elephone message for the manager _ on her desk but she didnt notice them.A.were leftB.was leftC.was leavingD.were leaving11.【2004 北京】The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A.wasB.wereC.had beenD.would be12.【2004 上?！縃aving been attacked by terrorists,_.A.doctors came to their rescueB.the tall building collapsedC.an emergency measure was takenD.warnings were given to tourists13.【2004 福建】She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _50 million.A.have reached B.has reachedC.are reachingD.had reached14.【2004 廣東】All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A.encourages B.encourageC.is encouragedD.are encouraged15.【2003 上海】When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_ yet.A.are not decidedB.have not been decidedC.is not being decidedD.has not been decided16.【2003 北京】How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were17.【2001 上?！縁ishing is his favorite hobby, and_.A.hed like to collect coins as wellB.he feels like colecting coins, tooC.to collect coins is also his hobbyD.collecting coins also gives him great pleasure18.【2001 上?！縄n order to improve English, _.A.Jennys father bought her a lot of tapesB.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC.a lot of tapes were bought by JennyD.a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father19.【2009 四川】 The teacher together with the students_ discussing Reading Skill that_ newly published in America.A.are; wereB.is; wereC.are; wasD.is; was20.【2008 陜西】Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited.A.wereB.have been C.has been D.was21. The White family_ very large. All the family _ animal lovers.A.is; areB.is; isC.are; isD.are; are22. The youth of China today _ trying their best to study modern science and technology.A. is B. was C. were D. are23.【2009 湖南】Either you or one of your students_ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be38. Nobody but Mary and John _ the secret.A.knowB.knowsC.have knownD.is known39. More than one glass _ needed.A.areB.isC.proveD.sound40. I dont think _ rich _ the happiest in the world.A./; isB.the; isC.the; areD./; are41. Many a man and many a woman _ a walk in the park.A.is takingB.are takingC.takeD.is taken42. DPRK_ the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea.A.meanB.are meantC.stands forD.represent43. The letter UK_ the United Kingdom.A.stand forB.stands forC.meansD.represents44. All but one_ here just now.A.isB.wasC.has been D.were45. Not only I but also Jane and Mary_ tired of having one examination after another.A.isB.areC.amD.be46. The number of people invited to the party _ fifty, but a number of them_ absent for different reasons.A.were; wasB.was; wasC.was; wereD.were; were47. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A.is handing outB.are to hand outC.are handing out D.is to hand out48. Apples of this kind_.A.tastes goodB.tastes wellC.taste goodD.taste well49. The Olympic Games_ held every four years.A.is B.areC.wasD.has been50. He is the only one of the students who_ elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is51. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our monitor said.A.is; isB.are; areC.is; areD.are; is52. The Chinese _ hard-working and brave.A.areB.isC.has beenD.is being53. The f