2018年中考英語知識歸納復(fù)習(xí)專題 代詞 外研版

代詞【人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞】類別人稱人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weourouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1.人稱代詞人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語，賓格用作賓語或表語。（1）主格通常用在動詞前作主語。如：i like apples.我喜歡蘋果。（2）賓格通常用在動詞或介詞后作賓語。如：he often helps me learn english.他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。 （動詞后作賓語）my younger brother is ill.were worried about him.我弟弟生病了，我們很擔(dān)心他。（介詞后作賓語）2.物主代詞物主代詞表示所屬關(guān)系，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱和數(shù)之分。形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的功能，不能單獨(dú)使用，用在名詞前作限定詞。名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，其后不跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：this pen is mine.（=this is my pen.）這支鋼筆是我的。3.反身代詞反身代詞表示“某人自己”的意思,是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,一般用在賓語和主語是同一人的情況下,或用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自做某事。其變化規(guī)則為:單數(shù)后面加self,復(fù)數(shù)后面加selves。一般用作動詞或介詞的賓語。反身代詞的常見搭配:enjoy oneself 玩得開心;過得愉快teach oneself=learn.by oneself 自學(xué)by oneself=alone 獨(dú)自hurt oneself 傷著自己help oneself to sth.隨便吃點(diǎn)東西look after oneself 照顧自己leave sb.by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下dress oneself 自己穿衣服lose oneself in陶醉于;沉浸于【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1】1.i think its important for children to help _ (they) parents with housework.2.dont worry about_.im old enough to look after _.(i)3._ (we) computers are new，but _ (they) are old.4.i have a cat and _ name is mimi. （ ）a.its b.itsc.it d.itstheir me myself our theirs d【不定代詞】不明確指代某個（些）人、某個（些）事物而起名詞或形容詞作用的代詞叫做不定代詞。不定代詞沒有主格和賓格之分。常見的不定代詞如下：類別肯定意義的不定代詞both,all,each,either,many,much,afew,alittle,one,other(s),theother(s),someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything否定意義的不定代詞neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little功能在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等1.普通不定代詞(1)some與any代詞用法例句some一般用于肯定句中;但在疑問句中,當(dāng)說話者希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請求、建議時應(yīng)用some。somechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.一些孩子在公園里放風(fēng)箏。wouldyoulikesomecoffee?你要咖啡嗎？any多用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中;用于肯定句中表示“任何”。isthereanywaterinthebottle?瓶子里有水嗎？icanseeyouatanytimeonmonday.星期一任何時間我都能見你。相同點(diǎn)：都表示“一些”。既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 (2)many與much代詞用法例句many修飾可數(shù)名詞。therearemanystudentsontheplayground.操場上有很多學(xué)生。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。donteattoomuchjunkfood.不要吃太多垃圾食品。相同點(diǎn)：(1)都表示“許多”。都可以和表示程度的副詞so,how等連用。(2)都可與alotof/lotsof/plentyof互換使用；alotof/lotsof/plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(3)few,a few,little與a little(4)each與every代詞用法例句each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體,可指兩者或兩者以上的人或物，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語或同位語,可與of連用。eachofthehousesisdifferent.每座房子都不同。every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況,指三者或三者以上的人或物，在句中只能作定語，不能與of連用。everystudentshouldworkhardatschool.每個學(xué)生在學(xué)校都應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。相同點(diǎn)：都表示“每一個”；作主語或修飾主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。注：everyone可與of連用。（5） all,both,neither與either（6）other,the other,others,the others與another（7）none與no one代詞含義用法none(三者或三者以上中)沒有一個人或物其后可接of短語，noneof后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可；常用來回答由howmany引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。noone沒有人其后不可接of短語，noone作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；常用來回答由who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。none of these pens works/work.這些鋼筆沒有一支能用。how many people are there in that room?那個房間里有幾個人？none.一個人也沒有。no one(=nobody) knows what will happen in the future.沒人知道將來會發(fā)生什么。who was late today?今天誰遲到了？no one.誰也沒有遲到。2. 復(fù)合不定代詞somebodyanybodyeverybodynobodysomeoneanyoneeveryonenoonesomethinganythingverythingnothing(1)由some和any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，其區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別基本相同。(2)nobody,nothing與no one表示否定意義。(3)復(fù)合不定代詞常作主語、賓語或表語，不能作定語。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：everything goes well.一切順利。(4)當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時,形容詞或else必須后置。如:theres nothing interesting in todays newspaper.今天的報紙上沒有有趣的事情。can you talk to anyone else?你能和別的人談?wù)剢?？【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練2】1.i always believe that _ is difficult if we try our best to do it. （ ）a.something b.anythingc.everything d.nothing2.unfortunately i was sitting at the table with smokers on _ side of me. （ ）a.either b.both c.other d.all3.hurry up,kids!the school bus is coming.we have _ time left. （ ）a.few b.a few c.little d.a little4.we cant do it that way-but whether it will work is _ matter. （ ）a.other b.another c.each d.every5.he was too tired to do _ work. （ ）a.some b.any c.each d.either6.listen to me.i have _ to tell you. （ ）a.new anything b.anything newc.new something d.something new指示代詞指示代詞是表示指示概念的代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。常見的指示代詞包括:this這個;that那個;these這些;those那些。1.指示代詞的用法指示代詞用法例句this/these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的人或物。thesearemybooks.這些是我的書。指下文要提及的事。rememberthis:nopain,nogain.請記住這個：不勞則無獲。that/those指在時間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。thoseboysarefromamerica.那些男孩來自美國。指前面剛剛提過的事。shewasill;thatswhyshedidntgotoschool.她生病了，那就是為什么她沒有去上學(xué)(的原因)。注意:打電話時用this介紹自己,用that詢問對方。如：thisismikespeaking.whosthat?我是邁克。你是誰?3. it，one與that的用法代詞用法例句it特指上文提及的同一個事物或前面提及的情況；代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。thecakeisdelicious.ilikeitverymuch.蛋糕很美味，我很喜歡。one泛指上文提及的同類事物中的一個，同類但不是同一個；其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。mycoatisveryold.illbuyanewone.我的外套很舊了，我要買一件新的。that常用于表示比較的句子中，代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞,以免重復(fù)。that指代單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，those指代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。thepopulationofshanghaiislargerthanthatofkunming.上海的人口比昆明多?！究键c(diǎn)訓(xùn)練3】用適當(dāng)?shù)?指示)代詞填空。1.the weather in beijing is colder than _ in guangzhou in winter.2.only a small number of people went abroad in _ days.3.there are enough cups for each visitors to have _ .4.i cant find my ticket.i think i may have lost _.5.i dont have much time to read _ days.that those one it these【疑問代詞】疑問代詞通常位于句子開頭，用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，并在句中充當(dāng)某一句子成分，包括who,whom,whose，what,which等。具體用法如下：疑問代詞意義用法例句who誰通常作主語(指人)。whoissingingoverthere?誰在那里唱歌？whom誰通常作賓語(指人)。whom/whodidyougoswimmingwith?你和誰一起去游泳的？whose誰的表示所屬關(guān)系，一般作定語，后接名詞。whosecoatisthis?這是誰的外套？what什么通常指物，一般用在沒有范圍限制的情況下，常作主語、賓語、表語或定語。whatdoyouplantodothisweekend?這周末你打算做什么？which哪一個；哪一些指對一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物進(jìn)行選擇，常作主語、賓語或定語。whichlanguagecanyouspeak,english,chineseorfrench?你會說哪種語言，英語，漢語還是法語？注：whom是who的賓格，在口語中who也可用作賓格，但在介詞后只能用whom。【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練4】用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~填空。1. _ will you do for your father on fathers day?ill make a card.2._ basketball is this?it must be jennys.she likes playing basketball.3._ teacher will you miss the most after junior high school,lisa?ms.lee.4._ is friendlier，mr.gao or miss chen?i think miss chen is friendlier.what whose which who【中考示例】(2017廣西北部灣)is this your apple watch?no,it isnt _ .its lilys. ( )a.my b.mine c.your d.yours【解析】考查代詞的用法。句意：這是你的蘋果手表嗎? 不是，它不是我的(手表)，它是莉莉的(手表)。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處表示“我的(手表)”，應(yīng)用i的名詞性物主代詞mine，相當(dāng)于my watch。1.(2017云南)the little girl is so smart.she can make a cake by _（she) without help.2.(2017臨沂)we can read about everything in books.they provide hope to _（we).3.(2017宿遷)i left my dictionary at home.can i borrow _（you)?4.(2017上海)last week the students went skating and enjoyed _（them) very much.5.(2017臺州改編)the nice little dog waved _（it) tail happily,welcoming the owner back home.herself us yours themselves its 6.(2017北京)my father is a worker._ is very kind. （ ）a.he b.she c.his d.it7.(2017安徽)is this ipad yours? （ ）yes.my parents bought _ for my language learning.a.one b.it c.other d.another8.(2017昆明)excuse me，whats your name? _ name is betty. （ ）a.my b.his c.her d.your9.(2017泰州)he got up to get some hot water but found there was _ left in the bottle. （ ）a.a few b.fewc.a little d.little10.(2017揚(yáng)州)brya