英語時(shí)態(tài)課件

Tenses,1,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,一.什么叫時(shí)態(tài)?在英語中,發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間的謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表示;有時(shí)候,發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間的謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),由于說話者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的方面不同,也要用不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表示.這里所說的不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式就是我們常說的不同的謂語時(shí)態(tài).二.時(shí)態(tài)跟時(shí)間狀語有關(guān)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionallyeverymorning)Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.,構(gòu)成法:is/am/are,do/does,2,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,2.一般過去時(shí)(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/theyearbeforelast/onJuly1,1986)OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.一般將來時(shí)(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury)Infuture,wellpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.,構(gòu)成法:動(dòng)詞過去式,構(gòu)成法:will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形,(“is/am/areto+動(dòng)詞原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”),3,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,4.過去將來時(shí)(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek)Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(now/atthemoment/atpresent)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?,構(gòu)成法:would/should+動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成法:is/am/are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成法:was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,4,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,7.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,wewillstillbesleeping.8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.,構(gòu)成法:will/shallbe+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成法:has/have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞,5,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,9.過去完成時(shí)(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by2000/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore)Bysixoclock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.將來完成時(shí)(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,IshallhavestayedinWuhanforfouryears.,構(gòu)成法:had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞,構(gòu)成法:will/shallhave+動(dòng)詞過去分詞,6,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,11.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(fortwohours/since5oclockthismorning)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5oclockthismorning.12.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(foralongtime/since1999)Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?,構(gòu)成法:has/havebeen+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成法:hadbeen+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,7,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,三.幾種容易用錯(cuò)的時(shí)態(tài)用法比較在英語實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,并非都會(huì)出現(xiàn)前面提到的時(shí)間狀語幫你決定謂語用什么時(shí)態(tài).高考對謂語時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要是通過語境來進(jìn)行的.下面我們來分析、比較幾種容易用錯(cuò)的時(shí)態(tài).1.一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapictureinoils.Nowletmeshowittoyou.(強(qiáng)調(diào)paint這一動(dòng)作過去已做過.即:畫已畫好.)Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapicture.NowImgoingtoseewhetherhehasfinishedit.(強(qiáng)調(diào)paint這一動(dòng)作過去在進(jìn)行,但未交代是否已做完),painted,waspainting,8,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,-Whydidntyouanswermyphonecalllastnight?-Sorry,butI_abath.A.tookB.hadtakenC.wastakingD.wasgoingtotake2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法比較Janewashesherownclothes.(指通常衣服都是她自己洗)Janeiswashingherownclothesinthebathroom.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性,未完成,且未交代平時(shí)衣服是否自己洗)Themanageriskindtousall.(指經(jīng)理的一貫態(tài)度)Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性態(tài)度,表示平時(shí)對我們大家并不善良),C,9,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,3.一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)用法比較客人們昨天已經(jīng)離開上海.TheguestsleftShanghaiyesterday.(說明left發(fā)生在昨天)他說客人們已經(jīng)離開上海.HesaidtheguestshadleftShanghai.(強(qiáng)調(diào)hadleft發(fā)生在said之前,即:過去的過去)AlltheguestshadleftShanghaibyyesterday.(既然是截止到昨天,那就說明是在包括昨天在內(nèi)的以前已經(jīng)陸續(xù)“離開”),10,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,4.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法比較Oh,myGod!Icantgetin.I_mykey.ButIdontknowwhenandwhereI_it.havelost/lost/hadlost/mustlose(前一個(gè)空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“丟失”對現(xiàn)在造成的影響:沒有找到,無法進(jìn)門;后一句則強(qiáng)調(diào)“丟失”是在過去何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的.)四.時(shí)態(tài)的替代1.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,要用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí),即:用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí),用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來進(jìn)行時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí).,havelost,lost,11,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.-DontallowhimtowatchTVunlesshehasfinishedhishomework.-OK.IfheiswatchingTVbuthasntfinishedhishomework,IllturnofftheTV.時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas,12,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,2.nomatter加疑問詞以及疑問詞與ever構(gòu)成的合成詞引出的從句中,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí).Whereveryougo,youwillgetawarmwelcome.3.有部分動(dòng)詞(主要是短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞)可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí),即:用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí).(也可用將來時(shí))Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?Imafraidhesdyingsoon.=Imafraidhelldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.,13,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,4.在以下短語后面的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí):makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.5.凡是按預(yù)定時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),例如:汽車、火車、輪船、飛機(jī)、上下課等.(也可用一般將來時(shí))Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Letshurryandseehimoff.6.含有always的謂語用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示反感、反對、贊揚(yáng)、欣賞等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.,14,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,五.兩個(gè)特殊句型的時(shí)態(tài)1.在先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾的定語從句中,要用完成時(shí).HeistheclevereststudentIhaveevertaught.Shethoughtthatwasthebestfilmshehadeverseen.2.在先行詞是thefirst/secondtime的定語從句中,也要用完成時(shí).ThisisthethirdtimeIhavevisitedthemuseum.Thatwasthesecondtimehehadbeenthere.,15,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,六.值得注意的兩點(diǎn)1.一般來說,只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞才有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(包括現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)),如果短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中,則不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而是表示將來或別的含義.Iwastoldthatshewasl