小學(xué)英語動詞講解及練習(xí)

第四課時 語法知識 詞法（3）五、動詞這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、行為動詞（就是我們平時總說的那種動詞）。動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量詞）”（如：一個、一張等）和這個詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認為是名詞；說不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞；都說不通就是動詞。（目前我們學(xué)過的，以后可能不同）1、be動詞（ am, is, are, ）1）amwas, is was, are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4）be動詞的否定形式：am not（沒有縮寫形式），are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。2、助動詞（ do, does, ）do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時，它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動詞do；助動詞do, does,后面一定要用動詞原形。3、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞也是一類特殊的動詞，平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態(tài)動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、注意：情態(tài)動詞后動詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：can not = cant, must not = mustnt, 注意：may not和shall not（無縮寫形式）4、行為動詞 就是我們平時上課時說的動詞，表示某一動作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動名詞）+ing、（1）動詞原形情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形 help+動詞原形 助動詞+動詞原形have to+動詞原形 Shall we +動詞原形 祈使句動詞原形開頭want +to+動詞原形 how +to+動詞原形 would like +to+動詞原形Would you like + to+動原 be happy +to+動詞原形 Let +賓格+動詞原形Its time +to+動詞原形 cant wait to+動詞原形 （2）動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”結(jié)尾時，加“es”，如：catch catches, watch watches ；C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時，變“y”為“i”再加“es”，如：carry carries, study studies 。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞（動名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go going, do doing, look looking ；B、以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的單詞，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, have having ；C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，需要雙寫這個字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, forget forgetting 。be+動詞ing no+動詞ing go+動詞inglike+動詞ing love+動詞ing start+動詞ingbegin+動詞ing stop+動詞inghow about/What about+動詞ing be good at+動詞in 不是祈使句，放在句子開頭的動詞要加ing練一練：一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.What_youdoinghere?2.Jimmy_absentfromschoollastMonday.3.There_alotofpeoplehereyesterday.4.We_goingtogiveherthekeytomorrow.5.SmithandI_atthebarberslastnight.6.There_atree,ativer,andmanyflowersonthepicture.7. Thatpairofshoes_(be)new.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦釉~填空。1) _you like this magazine? 2) -What_ she_ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.3) -What_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.4) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I_.三、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（1）I _to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. We like _to school very much. ( go )（2）They usually _lunch at home. ( have )（3）My sister likes _very much. She often _at our school festival. She _beautifully. ( sing )（4）What _ he usually _on Sunday? He usually _his homework. Look! He _his homework now. ( do )（5）Do people usually_ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Do you