廣東外語外貿大學高級翻譯學院高級英漢漢英口譯ppt課件

Session8,主動與被動,1,Activevs.Passive,Theyarrivedatthesummitonthefifthday.Thefifthdaysawthematthesummit.(Halliday)Abehavioralpatternvs.ApsychologicalpatternWhatpeoplehavedonetotheworldvs.Whattheworldreflectsofpeoplesbehaviour,2,Activevs.Passive,一進房間他就聞到了一股濃烈的花香。一進房間一股濃烈的花香撲鼻而來。Psychologicalprocessofapperceptionvs.Theroleoftherealworldonapperception,3,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,Voiceenablesustolookatactionsinasentencefromtwoperspectives,withoutanychangetothefact.(Quirk)eg.Thebutlermurderedthemaster.Themasterwasmurderedbythebutler.,4,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,PassivetheoppositeofActive(J.Vendryes)Activevoiceemphasizestheactionitself.Passivevoiceemphasizestheconditionaftertheactionistaken.,5,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,eg.Mybrotherbroketheteapot.(active,dynamic)Theteapotwasbrokenbymybrother.(passive,conditionoftheteapot)Theteapotwasbroken.(passive,condition)Theteapotisbroken.(passive,stative),6,Englishvs.Chinese,English:1)morevariationsofverbforms2)cleardivisionbetweenmanandnature3)distinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)nostrongneedtoemphasizedoerChinese:1)fewvariationsofverbforms2)unityofmanandnature3)nocleardistinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)alwaysemphasizesdoer,7,ExamplesAnalysis:,1.我生于北京，在廣州參加工作。IwasborninBeijing,andjoinedtheworkforceinGuangzhou.IwasborninBeijing,andgotemployedinGuangzhou.2.老虎被他們打死了。老虎被打死了。老虎打死了。,8,PassiveVoice:ACloserLook,1.SyntacticPassive:passivevoiceintheformandstructureasbeingpassive2.NotionalPassivepassivevoicenotintheformandstructureasbeingpassive,butofferingapassivenotion(Jesperson),9,SyntacticPassive,1.施動者方面的原因1）說不清施動者eg.TomwaskilledinWorldWar2.2）不必說出施動者eg.ChinafoughtagainstRussiainthewomensvolleyballmatchandRussiawasbeaten.3）不愿意說出施動者eg.Somerudecommentsontheplanweremadeattheboardmeeting.,10,SyntacticPassive,2.受動者方面的原因1）心理上的原因eg.MadameCurriewilllongberememberedasthediscovererofradium.2）信息結構上的原因eg.Unfortunately,thismessagewasnotputacrossbythespeaker.,11,SyntacticPassive,3.修辭的需要subject,cohesion,etc.4.文體的需要science,journalism,business,etc.,12,NotionalPassive,1.由及物動詞或系動詞構成的謂語表示事物特征。eg.Thenewbookreadswell.Thedishsmellswonderful.Thericeiscooking.Thesuggestionneedsfurtherconsideration.2.由系動詞+介賓短語構成系表結構表示事物狀態(tài)。eg.Therailwayisunderconstruction.,13,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),1.無主句10%-40%Chinesesentencesarewithoutasubject.eg.裝配和調試的時候應該把所有零件清洗干凈。Whenbeingassembledandadjusted,allpartsshouldbecleaned.,14,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),2.泛指人稱句SometimesChinesesentencestakeagenericpersonasthesubject.eg.眾所周知，改革開放二十年來經濟發(fā)展取得了顯著的成績。ItiswellknownthatmarkedsuccesshasbeenattainedineconomicdevelopmentsinceChinaimplementedthepolicyofreformandopening-upsome25yearsago.,15,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),3.話題評說句eg.這個問題我們正在研究。Thisproblemisbeingconsidered(byus).eg.這些工作中遇到的困難應當給予高度重視。Greatattentionshouldbegiventothedifficultiesinthework.eg.長江上已經建起了上百座大橋。Over100bridgeshavebeenbuiltacrosstheYangtzeRiver.,16,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),4.“由”字句eg.這個任務由小劉完成。ThistaskwillbecompletedbyXiaoLiu.eg.所有被邀請出席會議的國家都由政府首腦代表。Allthecountriesthatareinvitedtoattendthemeetingwillberepresentedbytheheadsoftheirgovernments.,17,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),5.“把”字句eg.你把她嚇得哭了起來。Shewasscaredtotears(byyou).eg.把我冷得直哆嗦。Iwasmadeshiveringbythecoldair.,18,ExamplesAnalysis,我們兩國人民貿易的交往可以追溯到很久以前。Tradecontactsbetweenourtwopeoplescanbetracedbacktolongtimeago.,19,ExamplesAnalysis,團結統(tǒng)一，深深地印在中國人的民族意識中。SolidarityandunityhavebeeninscribedintheheartsoftheChinesepeopleaspartoftheirnationalidentity.,20,ExamplesAnalysis,在美國的對華政策上，現(xiàn)在顯然經濟利益放在比較重要的位置上。IntermsoftheChinapolicyoftheUS,obviouslyeconomicinterestisnowplacedonamoreimportantposition.,21,ExamplesAnalysis,品牌名稱是能看得見、能說出來、能寫出來的，而品牌標識是只能看得見而不能說出來的。Abrandnamecanbeseen,spokenoutandwrittenout,whereasabrandlogocanonlybeseeninsteadofbeingspokenout.,22,ExamplesAnalysis,秦朝的時候，修建了交通要道，統(tǒng)一了文字和貨幣，并且把長城連接了起來。DuringtheQinDynasty,aroadsystemwasdeveloped,writingandcoinagewerestandardizedandtheGreatWallswerejoinedintoone.,23,ExamplesAnalysis,對發(fā)展中國家提供經濟援助，應當嚴格遵守受援國的主權，不附帶任何政治、經濟條件。Economicassistancetothedevelopingcountriesshouldbegrantedinstrictobservanceofthesovereigntyoftherecipientcountrieswithnopoliticaloreconomicconditionsattached.,24,ExamplesAnalysis,這兩份文件都是花了大工夫的，我看都是比較成熟的。Muchefforthasbeenputintothedraftingandinmyopinion,bothdocumentsarewellthoughtout.Bothdocumentshavebeendraftedwithgreateffortsandseemquitewell-done.,25,TranslatingPassiveVoiceintoActiveVoice(EC),1.被動句正譯（謂詞）2.還原主語或調整句式3.動詞譯為名詞4.謂詞后由by引導的短語轉化成由“因為”、“由于”等引導的短語或從句,26,ExamplesAnalysis(It),Itishopedthat希望Itisreportedthat據報道Itissaidthat據說Itissupposedthat據推測Itmustbeadmittedthat必須承認Itmustbepointedoutthat必須指出Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可見,27,ExamplesAnalysis(It),Itisassertedthat有人主張Itisbelievedthat有人認為/相信Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家認為Itiswellknownthat大家知道（眾所周知）Itwillbesaidthat有人會說Itwastoldthat有人曾經說,28,ExamplesAnalysis,Implementationofinternationalhumanrightsstandardsmustbepursuedwithgreatefforts.貫徹人權標準的工作必須大力進行。,29,ExamplesAnalysis,Inthepasttwocenturies,Chinawasrepeatedlyinvadedbyforeignpowers.在過去的兩百年中，中國曾不斷遭受外國列強侵略。,30,ExamplesAnalysis,ThenovelofMr.BaJinhasbeentranslatedintoandpublishedinmanylanguages.巴金先生的小說已經翻譯成多種文字出版。,31,ExamplesAnalysis,TheopeningofChinainforeigntrade,investmentandtechnologywilltransformhereconomyverysoon.TheseforecastshavebeenreceivedwithmixedfeelingsbySoutheastAsiancountries.中國在對外貿易、引進外資和技術方面實行的開放政策，不久就會使它的經濟改觀。面對這一預測，東南亞國家的心情是復雜的。,32,ExamplesAnalysis,Ibelievethatourdifferencesaregreatlyovershadowedbyissueswhichbindusandstrengthenourrelationship.我認為，同那些把我們聯(lián)結在一起并使我們之間關系更加緊密的問題相比，我們之間的分歧也就算不了什么了。,33,ExamplesAnalysis,Ifreligiousleadershipassumesastrongerandconstructiverole,thenpositivestepscouldbemadeinovercomingthetensionsamonggroupsofdifferentfaiths.如果宗教領導人能夠發(fā)揮更強有力的建設性作用，那么，（我們）應該采取積極的步驟來克服不同信仰團體之間的緊張關系。,34,ExamplesAnalysis,Theproblemsofrefugeesshouldbedealtwithinanintegratedmanner.難民問題的處理應采用綜合的方法。,35,ExamplesAnalysis,Therelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieswascharacterizedbymutualunderstanding.這兩國關系的特點是相互諒解。,36,ExamplesAnalysis,Naturaldisasterscanbedefinedasgreatandsuddenmisfortunesorterribleaccidentsthatcandogreatharmtohumanbeings.自然災害的定義是，能夠給人類帶來巨大傷害的大規(guī)模突發(fā)災禍或可怕的事故。,37,ExamplesAnalysis,ItisalongwayfromBeijingtoLondon.Thedistancehassometimesseemedtobecompoundedbyhistorical,