廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)高級翻譯學(xué)院高級英漢漢英口譯ppt課件

Session8,主動與被動,1,Activevs.Passive,Theyarrivedatthesummitonthefifthday.Thefifthdaysawthematthesummit.(Halliday)Abehavioralpatternvs.ApsychologicalpatternWhatpeoplehavedonetotheworldvs.Whattheworldreflectsofpeoplesbehaviour,2,Activevs.Passive,一進(jìn)房間他就聞到了一股濃烈的花香。一進(jìn)房間一股濃烈的花香撲鼻而來。Psychologicalprocessofapperceptionvs.Theroleoftherealworldonapperception,3,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,Voiceenablesustolookatactionsinasentencefromtwoperspectives,withoutanychangetothefact.(Quirk)eg.Thebutlermurderedthemaster.Themasterwasmurderedbythebutler.,4,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,PassivetheoppositeofActive(J.Vendryes)Activevoiceemphasizestheactionitself.Passivevoiceemphasizestheconditionaftertheactionistaken.,5,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,eg.Mybrotherbroketheteapot.(active,dynamic)Theteapotwasbrokenbymybrother.(passive,conditionoftheteapot)Theteapotwasbroken.(passive,condition)Theteapotisbroken.(passive,stative),6,Englishvs.Chinese,English:1)morevariationsofverbforms2)cleardivisionbetweenmanandnature3)distinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)nostrongneedtoemphasizedoerChinese:1)fewvariationsofverbforms2)unityofmanandnature3)nocleardistinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)alwaysemphasizesdoer,7,ExamplesAnalysis:,1.我生于北京，在廣州參加工作。IwasborninBeijing,andjoinedtheworkforceinGuangzhou.IwasborninBeijing,andgotemployedinGuangzhou.2.老虎被他們打死了。老虎被打死了。老虎打死了。,8,PassiveVoice:ACloserLook,1.SyntacticPassive:passivevoiceintheformandstructureasbeingpassive2.NotionalPassivepassivevoicenotintheformandstructureasbeingpassive,butofferingapassivenotion(Jesperson),9,SyntacticPassive,1.施動者方面的原因1）說不清施動者eg.TomwaskilledinWorldWar2.2）不必說出施動者eg.ChinafoughtagainstRussiainthewomensvolleyballmatchandRussiawasbeaten.3）不愿意說出施動者eg.Somerudecommentsontheplanweremadeattheboardmeeting.,10,SyntacticPassive,2.受動者方面的原因1）心理上的原因eg.MadameCurriewilllongberememberedasthediscovererofradium.2）信息結(jié)構(gòu)上的原因eg.Unfortunately,thismessagewasnotputacrossbythespeaker.,11,SyntacticPassive,3.修辭的需要subject,cohesion,etc.4.文體的需要science,journalism,business,etc.,12,NotionalPassive,1.由及物動詞或系動詞構(gòu)成的謂語表示事物特征。eg.Thenewbookreadswell.Thedishsmellswonderful.Thericeiscooking.Thesuggestionneedsfurtherconsideration.2.由系動詞+介賓短語構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示事物狀態(tài)。eg.Therailwayisunderconstruction.,13,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),1.無主句10%-40%Chinesesentencesarewithoutasubject.eg.裝配和調(diào)試的時(shí)候應(yīng)該把所有零件清洗干凈。Whenbeingassembledandadjusted,allpartsshouldbecleaned.,14,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),2.泛指人稱句SometimesChinesesentencestakeagenericpersonasthesubject.eg.眾所周知，改革開放二十年來經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得了顯著的成績。ItiswellknownthatmarkedsuccesshasbeenattainedineconomicdevelopmentsinceChinaimplementedthepolicyofreformandopening-upsome25yearsago.,15,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),3.話題評說句eg.這個(gè)問題我們正在研究。Thisproblemisbeingconsidered(byus).eg.這些工作中遇到的困難應(yīng)當(dāng)給予高度重視。Greatattentionshouldbegiventothedifficultiesinthework.eg.長江上已經(jīng)建起了上百座大橋。Over100bridgeshavebeenbuiltacrosstheYangtzeRiver.,16,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),4.“由”字句eg.這個(gè)任務(wù)由小劉完成。ThistaskwillbecompletedbyXiaoLiu.eg.所有被邀請出席會議的國家都由政府首腦代表。Allthecountriesthatareinvitedtoattendthemeetingwillberepresentedbytheheadsoftheirgovernments.,17,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),5.“把”字句eg.你把她嚇得哭了起來。Shewasscaredtotears(byyou).eg.把我冷得直哆嗦。Iwasmadeshiveringbythecoldair.,18,ExamplesAnalysis,我們兩國人民貿(mào)易的交往可以追溯到很久以前。Tradecontactsbetweenourtwopeoplescanbetracedbacktolongtimeago.,19,ExamplesAnalysis,團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一，深深地印在中國人的民族意識中。SolidarityandunityhavebeeninscribedintheheartsoftheChinesepeopleaspartoftheirnationalidentity.,20,ExamplesAnalysis,在美國的對華政策上，現(xiàn)在顯然經(jīng)濟(jì)利益放在比較重要的位置上。IntermsoftheChinapolicyoftheUS,obviouslyeconomicinterestisnowplacedonamoreimportantposition.,21,ExamplesAnalysis,品牌名稱是能看得見、能說出來、能寫出來的，而品牌標(biāo)識是只能看得見而不能說出來的。Abrandnamecanbeseen,spokenoutandwrittenout,whereasabrandlogocanonlybeseeninsteadofbeingspokenout.,22,ExamplesAnalysis,秦朝的時(shí)候，修建了交通要道，統(tǒng)一了文字和貨幣，并且把長城連接了起來。DuringtheQinDynasty,aroadsystemwasdeveloped,writingandcoinagewerestandardizedandtheGreatWallswerejoinedintoone.,23,ExamplesAnalysis,對發(fā)展中國家提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格遵守受援國的主權(quán)，不附帶任何政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件。Economicassistancetothedevelopingcountriesshouldbegrantedinstrictobservanceofthesovereigntyoftherecipientcountrieswithnopoliticaloreconomicconditionsattached.,24,ExamplesAnalysis,這兩份文件都是花了大工夫的，我看都是比較成熟的。Muchefforthasbeenputintothedraftingandinmyopinion,bothdocumentsarewellthoughtout.Bothdocumentshavebeendraftedwithgreateffortsandseemquitewell-done.,25,TranslatingPassiveVoiceintoActiveVoice(EC),1.被動句正譯（謂詞）2.還原主語或調(diào)整句式3.動詞譯為名詞4.謂詞后由by引導(dǎo)的短語轉(zhuǎn)化成由“因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ坝捎凇钡纫龑?dǎo)的短語或從句,26,ExamplesAnalysis(It),Itishopedthat希望Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道Itissaidthat據(jù)說Itissupposedthat據(jù)推測Itmustbeadmittedthat必須承認(rèn)Itmustbepointedoutthat必須指出Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可見,27,ExamplesAnalysis(It),Itisassertedthat有人主張Itisbelievedthat有人認(rèn)為/相信Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家認(rèn)為Itiswellknownthat大家知道（眾所周知）Itwillbesaidthat有人會說Itwastoldthat有人曾經(jīng)說,28,ExamplesAnalysis,Implementationofinternationalhumanrightsstandardsmustbepursuedwithgreatefforts.貫徹人權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作必須大力進(jìn)行。,29,ExamplesAnalysis,Inthepasttwocenturies,Chinawasrepeatedlyinvadedbyforeignpowers.在過去的兩百年中，中國曾不斷遭受外國列強(qiáng)侵略。,30,ExamplesAnalysis,ThenovelofMr.BaJinhasbeentranslatedintoandpublishedinmanylanguages.巴金先生的小說已經(jīng)翻譯成多種文字出版。,31,ExamplesAnalysis,TheopeningofChinainforeigntrade,investmentandtechnologywilltransformhereconomyverysoon.TheseforecastshavebeenreceivedwithmixedfeelingsbySoutheastAsiancountries.中國在對外貿(mào)易、引進(jìn)外資和技術(shù)方面實(shí)行的開放政策，不久就會使它的經(jīng)濟(jì)改觀。面對這一預(yù)測，東南亞國家的心情是復(fù)雜的。,32,ExamplesAnalysis,Ibelievethatourdifferencesaregreatlyovershadowedbyissueswhichbindusandstrengthenourrelationship.我認(rèn)為，同那些把我們聯(lián)結(jié)在一起并使我們之間關(guān)系更加緊密的問題相比，我們之間的分歧也就算不了什么了。,33,ExamplesAnalysis,Ifreligiousleadershipassumesastrongerandconstructiverole,thenpositivestepscouldbemadeinovercomingthetensionsamonggroupsofdifferentfaiths.如果宗教領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人能夠發(fā)揮更強(qiáng)有力的建設(shè)性作用，那么，（我們）應(yīng)該采取積極的步驟來克服不同信仰團(tuán)體之間的緊張關(guān)系。,34,ExamplesAnalysis,Theproblemsofrefugeesshouldbedealtwithinanintegratedmanner.難民問題的處理應(yīng)采用綜合的方法。,35,ExamplesAnalysis,Therelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieswascharacterizedbymutualunderstanding.這兩國關(guān)系的特點(diǎn)是相互諒解。,36,ExamplesAnalysis,Naturaldisasterscanbedefinedasgreatandsuddenmisfortunesorterribleaccidentsthatcandogreatharmtohumanbeings.自然災(zāi)害的定義是，能夠給人類帶來巨大傷害的大規(guī)模突發(fā)災(zāi)禍或可怕的事故。,37,ExamplesAnalysis,ItisalongwayfromBeijingtoLondon.Thedistancehassometimesseemedtobecompoundedbyhistorical,