1陰陽的源流與翻譯.ppt

2020/6/1,1,蘭鳳利上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),中醫(yī)古典文獻(xiàn)中“陰陽”的源流與翻譯,中醫(yī)學(xué)中“陰陽”的源流,中醫(yī)學(xué)繼承、發(fā)揮了周易的陰陽思想，中醫(yī)古典文獻(xiàn)中的“陰陽”主要是指哲學(xué)意義上的“陰陽”，而在具體的語言環(huán)境中，又有具體的醫(yī)學(xué)所指，如指男女、性生活、陰經(jīng)陽經(jīng)、陰邪陽邪、陰氣陽氣等等。而其含義的確定是高度依賴于語境的。,2.中醫(yī)古典文獻(xiàn)中“陰陽”的翻譯,21“陰陽”哲學(xué)概念的英譯“陰陽”的翻譯：YinandYangthemaleandfemaleelementsinnature；Yang,theelementoflight;Yin,theelementofdarkness；YinandYang,thenegativeandpositiveprinciplesinnature；Theelementoflight;theelementofdarkness；Yang,thelucidelementoflife;Yin,theturbidelementofdarkness；Yang,themaleelement;Yin,thefemaleelement；,YinandYangthetwoelementsinnature；Yang,thelucidelement;Yin,theturbidelement；YinandYangthetwoopposingprinciples；Yang(themaleprincipleoflightandlife);Yin(thefemaleprincipleofdarknessanddeath)；Veith：97-253，1949,朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語辭典,yin,thefemaleprincipleinChinesePHILOSOPHYwhichisinactive,dark,negative,etc.andwhichcombineswithYANG(=themaleprinciple)toformthewholeworld”；“yang,themaleprincipleinChinesePHILOSOPHYwhichisactive,light,POSITIVE,etc.andwhichcombineswithYIN(=thefemaleprinciple)toformthewholeworld.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish：1789，1787,韋氏百科全本英語詞典,YinandYang(inChinesephilosophyandreligion)twoprinciples,onenegative,darkandfeminine(Yin),andonepositive,bright,andmasculine(Yang),whoseinteractioninfluencesthedestiniesofcreaturesandthings.WebstersEncyclopedicUnabridgedDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage：1656,接納外來詞yin和yang,“陰陽者，天地之道也，萬物之綱紀(jì)，變化之父母，生殺之本始，神明之府也”。Yinandyang,theyaretheWayofheavenandearth,thefundamentalprinciplesgoverningthemyriadbeings,fatherandmothertoallchangesandtransformations,thebasisandbeginningofgeneratingandkilling,thepalaceofspiritbrilliance.（Unschuld）,“陰陽”具體概念的英譯,在具體的語言環(huán)境中，如以“陰陽”指代具體概念，如男女、性生活、陰陽經(jīng)脈、（陰）血和（陽）氣、等，翻譯時(shí)就應(yīng)予以點(diǎn)明。1.丈夫八歲，腎氣實(shí)，發(fā)長(zhǎng)齒更；二八，腎氣盛，天癸至，精氣溢瀉，陰陽和，故能有子。（黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)素問上古天真論）英譯：Inthemale,attheageof8theboyskidneyqiisabundant,hishairgrowsandhisbabyteetharereplacedbypermanentones.Attheageof16thetianguiorsex-stimulatingessencematures,hebeginstosecretesemen;ifatthispointthemaleandfemaleuniteinharmony,achildmaybeconceived.,2.沖任之脈既起于胞內(nèi)，陰陽過度，則傷胞絡(luò)，故風(fēng)邪乘虛而入于胞，損沖、任之經(jīng)，傷太陽、少陰之血，致令胞絡(luò)之間，穢液與血相兼，連帶而下。（諸病源候論婦人雜病諸候帶下候）英譯：Theconceptionandthoroughfarevesselsbothoriginatefromtheuterus.Excessivesexualactivitiesharmsuterinecollaterals,andthenpathogenicwindinvadestheuterus,impairingthetwovessels,damagingbloodofTaiyangandShaoyin,causingturbidityandbloodintheuterinecollaterals,togetherwithvaginaldischargeflowingdownoutofthebody,3.百病之始生也，皆生于風(fēng)雨寒暑、陰陽喜怒、飲食居處、大驚卒恐。（黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)靈樞口問）英譯：Variousdiseasesarecausedbyexposuretowind,rain,coldorsummer-heat,orexcesssex,oralackofharmoniousemotions,orimproperdiet,oralackofregularityinlifestyle,orgreatfearorsuddenfright.,4.粗工治之，亟刺陰陽，身體解散，四支轉(zhuǎn)筋，死日有期。（黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)素問疏五過論)英譯：Acarelessdoctortreatsitbyprickingtheyinandyangmeridianstimeandagain,thuscausingthepatientgettingemaciated,havingcrumpsinthelimbsandcomingclosertothedeathday.說明：針灸經(jīng)穴名稱的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方案中（WHO），“經(jīng)脈”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化譯語是meridian(atwo-dimensionalgrid)。鑒于“經(jīng)脈”能運(yùn)行氣血，是三維的管道，channel(athree-dimensionaltube)亦成為“經(jīng)脈”的流行對(duì)應(yīng)譯語。,5.夫陰與陽，皆有俞會(huì)，陽注于陰，陰滿之外，陰陽勻平，以充其形，九候若一，命曰平人。夫邪之生也，或生于陰，或生于陽，其生于陽者，得之風(fēng)雨寒暑；其生于陰者，得之飲食居處、陰陽喜怒。(黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)素問調(diào)經(jīng)論)“夫陰與陽”之“陰陽”指陰經(jīng)和陽經(jīng)“陰陽勻平”之“陰陽”為抽象意義上的陰陽“陰陽喜怒”之“陰陽“指男女，性生活”，具體到語境，意為“性生活過度”,英譯：Theyinandyangmeridianspossessacupuncturepoints,wheretransportationandconvergenceofqiandbloodoccur.Bloodandqioftheyangmeridianswilltransporttotheyinmeridians.Bloodandqithenfilltheyinmeridiansandflowtootherpartsofthebody.Thenyinandyangarebalanced,thebodybecomesrobust,thenineindicatorsofthebodyspulseswillalsobeconcert.Thisoccursinanormal,healthyperson.Thepathogensmayattackthebody.Thereareinternaldamagescausedbyyinpathogensandexternalcontractionscausedbyyangpathogens.Theexternalcontractionscausedbyyangpathogensmayresultfromexposuretorain,wind,cold,orsummerheat;whiletheinternaldamagescausedbyyinpathogensmayarisefromimproperdiet,alackofregularityinlifestyle,excessivesexualactivities,oralackofharmoniousemotions.,6.蘗木，味苦，寒。主治五臟、腸胃中結(jié)熱；黃疸；腸痔；止泄痢；女子漏下赤白；陰陽傷；蝕瘡。(神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)卷三中品傷，通“壯”。漢書景十三王傳廣川惠王劉越：“望卿走，自投井死，昭信出之，椓杙其陰中?！碧祁櫅r囝：“囝生南方，閩吏得之乃絕其陽?！睆V雅釋詁四：“壯，傷也。”荀子樂論：“帶甲嬰馬害歌於行伍，使人身傷?！庇谛挛嵝伦C：“傷，就讀作壯?！标庩杺?，男女生殖器性欲旺盛，即男女性欲旺盛。,英譯：PhellodendriCortex(HuangBo),bitterinflavorandcoldinproperty.Indications:accumulatedheatinthefivezangorgansaswellasinthestomachandintestines;jaundice;perianalabscess;arrestingdiarrheaanddysentery;spottingwithredorlight-coloreddischargeinwomen;hypersexuality;soresresistanttohealing.,7.傷寒之脈，陰陽俱盛而緊澀；熱病之脈，陰陽俱浮，浮之而滑，沉之散澀。(難經(jīng)五十八難)英譯：Thepulseofcolddamage:bothcunandchipulsesarestrong,tense,andchoppy.Thepulseoffebriledisease:bothcunandchipulsesarefloating;thepulsesareslipperywhenfeltslightly,andscatteredandchoppywhenfeltheavily.,8.陰陽相搏，名曰動(dòng)。陽動(dòng)則汗出，陰動(dòng)則發(fā)熱。(傷寒論)英譯：Whenyinqiandyangqiwrestlewitheachother,thepulseisthrobbing.Whenthecunpulseisthrobbing,sweatingresults;whenthechipulseisthrobbing,feverensues.,傳達(dá)其它獨(dú)特的中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語,五臟為陰、六腑為陽“五臟”the(five)yinorganst