英語(yǔ)專四之比較結(jié)構(gòu)VIP

專四語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)串講之四 形容詞、副詞及比較平行結(jié)構(gòu)一、形容詞后置情況總結(jié)：（1）修飾不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything等時(shí)，例： There is something difficult in this book.（2）形容詞后面有介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。例： This is a student worth of praise.（3）用and或or連接兩個(gè)形容詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，起強(qiáng)調(diào)修飾的作用。例： They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.（4）形容詞同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用時(shí)亦放在后面。例：The pipe is twelve feet long.二、感嘆副詞what、how之間的區(qū)別：what修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)，how修飾副詞或形容詞。如：56Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? （2012）AHow strange feelings they are! BHow dare you speak to me like that! CWhat noise they are making! D. What a mess we are in!三、同根副詞辨析：1）hard 努力地 hardly幾乎 2）late晚，遲 lately近來(lái)3）most 極，非常 mostly 主要地 4）wide廣闊地 widely廣泛地5）deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義上的“深” 6）near 鄰近 nearly 幾乎7) express 用快遞方式 expressly清楚地，明白地 8）just恰好，正是 justly正義、公正地 詳細(xì)閱讀課本（P276-280）并做P280-281練習(xí)題24B。四、比較等級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句型：（1）as+原級(jí)+ as（as+原級(jí)+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ as），其否定形式為not as/so+原級(jí)+ as（2）比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象（less+原級(jí)+比較對(duì)象）（3）比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)或more and more +原級(jí)（4）the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)（5）the+比較級(jí)+of the two（6）the+最高級(jí)（+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）+of/among+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或in+單數(shù)名詞（7）be one of/among+ the+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（8）the last+原級(jí)（+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）+of/among+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或in+單數(shù)名詞五、比較等級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)：（1）修飾原級(jí)：fairly, quite, rather, so, very, too等。（2）修飾比較級(jí)：much, even, far, rather, still, any, no (而不用very, quite, fairly，Greatly)，a bit, a little, a head, a great deal. a lot , by far等。六、如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時(shí)，該用so而不用such；注意：little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時(shí),仍用such。七、almost與nearly的用法區(qū)別：在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。Eg. Im not nearly ready. I almost never see her.八、特殊結(jié)構(gòu): 1. A is to B what / as X is Y ;如：53. Nine is to three _ three is to one. (2008) A. when B. that C. which D. what2. A+V.+倍數(shù)或分?jǐn)?shù) as + adj. / adv. + as +B. A +V.+倍數(shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞of B如：55. A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one. (2009)A. the price of three times B. three times the priceC. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St. Peters in Rome. （2008）A. / B. that of C. which is D. of3. major, minor, inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to表示比較;九、As 的用法、比較級(jí)的用法及隱含比較級(jí)as的用法：1. 原級(jí)比較一般結(jié)構(gòu) as as ; not as as ; the same as ; Eg: The work is not as difficult as you think.Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as those outside the pinelands.2. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有正如。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。3. 盡管，雖說(shuō)(引起讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)Eg. Intelligent as she was, she had not much insight. 盡管她很聰明，但她沒(méi)眼力。4. As much as 達(dá)到（和）（一樣）的程度5. as (so) far as 就而論，據(jù)(引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句)6. So as to 為的是，以便7. Such as to 以致53. His remarks were _ annoy everybody at the meeting. （2005）A. so as to B. such as to C. such to D. as much as to8. as (so) long as 只要(=only if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句) 9. as soon as 一就(引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)10. as well (as) 也，以及，還；和；不僅(連接并列成分或從句)11. no suchas 沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)60. Land belongs to the city; there is thing as private ownership of land. （2006）A) no such a B) not such C) not such a D) no such12. as much of as 正如一樣64. It was we had hoped. （2006） A) more a success than B) a success more than C) as much of a success as D) a success as much as13. so much as用在否定句中：與其說(shuō)，不如說(shuō) 41. The trumpet player was certainly loud. but I wasnt bothered by his loudness his lack of talent. （2004） A. so much as B. rather than C. as D than 55. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand. (2015，2011.57，2007.57, 1999. 45) A. but B. nor C. like D. as比較級(jí)的用法:1. more than用法和意義較多，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)其含義有: “不僅是， 非常， 十分”等。more than 其含義可以是: “與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)， 不是而是”2. no more than VS. not more than a. He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上僅有5美元。(強(qiáng)調(diào)少)b. He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上帶的錢(qián)不超過(guò)5美元。(客觀陳述，數(shù)額少于5美元)3. no more thanVS. not more thana. He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奮，你也不勤奮。(兩人都不勤奮，含有消極否定的意思) b. He is not more diligent than you.他沒(méi)有像你那樣勤奮。(兩人都勤奮，但你更勤奮，含有積極、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差異） 62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (2007)A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more4. no less than = as much as 意為：“竟有之多，多達(dá)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)多not less than 意為“不少于，至少”，客觀地描述no less than 前后均為肯定，含有驚奇的感情色彩。 可譯為：“正是.， 和 一樣， 多達(dá)，竟有之多”比較：a. His son has read no less than 50 English books.他的兒子竟然讀了50本英文書(shū)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)多)b. His son has read not less than 50 English books.他的兒子讀了不少于50本英文書(shū)。(客觀陳述，不強(qiáng)調(diào)多或少)5. hardly more than用來(lái)表示“僅僅”。Eg. The little man was hardly more than one meter fifty high. 這個(gè)小個(gè)子男人僅有1.5米高.6. 在 more than 結(jié)構(gòu)中， than 有時(shí)可看作關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于than whatEg. There ought to be less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what) 人們不應(yīng)該像今天這樣擔(dān)心害怕患上癌癥61. The research requires more money than _. (2007) A. have been put in B. has been put in C. being put in D. to be put in7. no other than 只有，正是。它常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。Eg. The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector himself.結(jié)果是，那個(gè)殺人犯不是別人，正是巡官自己。8. no better than 和一樣，實(shí)際上等于(practically the same as)Eg.A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind.不識(shí)字的人跟瞎子沒(méi)有兩樣。9. No sooner than:60. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left. (2009)A. when B. as C. until D. than10. most 大多數(shù)的意思; most of某個(gè)范圍中的大多數(shù)。11. better than 與其說(shuō)倒不如說(shuō)。Eg. Certain programs work better for some than for others.某些項(xiàng)目對(duì)有些人來(lái)說(shuō)效果不錯(cuò)對(duì)其他人來(lái)說(shuō)則不然。12. more likely than 比較結(jié)構(gòu)Eg.There are few electronic applications more likely to raise fears regarding future 很少有電子應(yīng)用軟件能夠像機(jī)器人那樣引起人們對(duì)未來(lái)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的擔(dān)憂。13.other than意思是：不同于，除之外；rather than意思是：而不是。隱含比較級(jí)：inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to 1) prior to 較早的，較重要的The task is prior to all others. 這項(xiàng)任務(wù)比其他所有的任務(wù)都重要。2) superior to優(yōu)越，高于In math he felt superior to John. 他覺(jué)得自己數(shù)學(xué)比約翰強(qiáng)。3) inferior to 下等的，次的4) senior to 年長(zhǎng)的，地位高的；junior年幼的，地位低的，遲的He is two years senior to me. 他比我大兩歲。5）preferable to 更好的Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 貧窮但健康要比富有卻多病更可取。6) preferto 更傾向于 prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do rather than do真題總匯 (1994-2015)52. Mary is hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam. (2015) A. no so B. no more C. not less D. no less55. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand. (2015)A. but B. nor C. like D. as62.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsmodifiesanadverb? (2014) A.Iratherlikemyteacher. B.Thatwasaveryfunnyfilm.C.Doitrightnow. D.Wewalkedabout6miles.56Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? （2012）AHow strange feelings they are! BHow dare you speak to me like that! CWhat noise they are making! D. What a mess we are in!56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT? （2011）A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.57. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2011)A. as B. nor C. but D. like53. He feels that he is not yet _ to travel abroad. （2010） A. too strong B. enough strong C. so strong D. strong enough64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete Weve seen the film _? （2010） A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet55. A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one. （2009）A. the price of three times B. three times the priceC. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price60. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left. （2009）A. when B. as C. until D. than63. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete _ everybody came? （2009）A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost53. Nine is to three _ three is to one. （2008）A. when B. that C. which D. what59. What does He wisely refused to spend his money mean? (2008)A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything.D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.60. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as _. （2008）A. it could be B. could be C. it was D. was64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St. Peters in Rome. （2008）A. / B. that of C. which is D. of51. There are as good fish in the sea _ever came out of it. 2007A. than B. like C. as D. so57. It is not _much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. （2007） A. that B. as C. so D. very61. The research requires more money than _. （2007） A. have been put in B. has been put in C. being put in D. to be put in62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _a threat to the human race than enviromental destruction. （2007） A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not for her work. (2006)A. enough good B. good enough C. as good enough D. good as enough60. Land belongs to the city; there is thing as private ownership of land. （2006）A. no such a B. not such C. not such a D. no such61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk far. (2006)A. / B. such C. that D. as53. His remarks were _ annoy everybody at the meeting. （2005）A. so as toB. such as to C. such toD. as much as to59. Do you know Tims brother? He is _ than Tim. 2005A. much more sportsman B. more of a sportsman C. more of sportsman D. more a sportsman補(bǔ)充材料:1) Simile: as poor as a church mouse as blind as a bat as brave as a lion as fierce as a tiger as gay as a lark as free as ai as deaf as a post as dark as pitch as greedy as a pig as rich as a Jew as safe as the Bank as strong as a horse as tall as a church steeple as wet as a fish as wise as Solomon as timid as a rabbit as good as gold as firm/steady as a rock as fat as a pig as different as black and white as cold as ice as clear as crystal as hot as fire as busy as a bee as light as a feather as like as two peas as loud as thunder as sick/weak as a cat as sweet as sugar as swift as lightening as soft as silk as smooth as glass as ugly as a toad as proud as a peacock as gentle as a lamb as innocent as a baby as graceful as a swan as cunning as a fox as stupid as donkey2) Adj. modifying adj. Icy cold Dead drunk Dead asleep Tight shut Red hot Wide open3) Verb + adj Come alive Come clean Fall silent Fall unconscious Go crazy/ mad Go barefoot Go wild Run wild Run loose Blush red Break free/ loose Come easy Come loose Fall due Fall short Go bad Go easy Lie awake Wear thin4) Special meanings of colors Black black coffee 未加奶的咖啡 black tea 紅茶 a black letter day 倒霉的日子 black market 黑市 black money 黑錢(qián) black figure / in the black 盈利 black list 黑名單 black box 黑匣子 black mark 污點(diǎn) black ingratitude 忘恩負(fù)義 black sheep 敗家子，害群之馬 black smith 鐵匠 blackout 突然大面積停電 black oil 潤(rùn)滑重油 black bolt 粗制螺栓White white coffee 加奶的咖啡 white lie 善意的謊言 white collar worker 白領(lǐng) white elephant 貴而無(wú)用的東西，累贅的人或事物 whi