簡單句五種基本句型PPT精選文檔

英語簡單句五種基本句型,2,句子成分,主語（subject）：一句話的中心Mysisterisanurse.Herroomisonthesecondfloor.謂語（predicate）：是主語的主要情況，可表示動作、狀態(tài)Sheworksinahospital.SheknowsalittleEnglish.賓語（object）：表示動作的承受者或動作的結(jié)果Everybodyknowsher.Sheiswritingaletternow.表語（predicative）:和系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語Sheisakindgirl.,3,定語（attribute）：修飾名詞、代詞等Herhospitalisntverybig.Buteveryoneinthehospitalworkshard.狀語（adverbial）：修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞Shegoestoworkveryearly.Shefeelsveryhappy.,4,句子可以由主語，謂語動詞，表語，賓語，定語，狀語，直接和間接賓語，賓語補足語組成歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。,5,基本句型一：+（主謂/不及物動詞）Everybodysmiled.Thesunisrising.基本句型二：+（主謂/及物動詞賓）Heknowseverything.Ilikeher.基本句型三：+（主謂/系動詞表）Theboylookshealthy.基本句型四:+InO+D(主謂/雙賓動詞間賓直賓）Ishowedhimmypassport.基本句型五:+O（主謂/及物動詞賓賓補）Whatmadeyouangry?,6,各種詞類及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名詞：-主語(S)，賓語(O)，表語(P)等2.Verbs(v.)動詞-謂語(V)（vt.及物動詞/vi.不及物動詞）3.Pronouns（pron.)代詞：-主語，賓語，表語等e.g.Katehasapiano.Shelikesitverymuch.,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_O,7,4.Adjectives(adj.)形容詞：-定語(At.)表語（P）e.g.Theflowerisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulflower.5.Adverbs(adv.)副詞：-狀語（Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)數(shù)詞：-定語，表語，主語等e.g.25(desks)_(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠詞：一般不單獨構(gòu)成句子成分,(At.),(P),are,8,8.Prepositions(prep.)介詞（in,at,on,)prep.+n.介詞短語-狀語(Ad.),表語等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)連詞(and,or,but,so)一般不構(gòu)成成分，僅起連接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感嘆詞(ah,oh,yeah)一般不構(gòu)成成分，起加強語氣作用,基本句型一(subject)+V(verb)（主謂）特點:句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。e.g.Hiswordsworks.,V,s,10,主語+不及物動詞,Itssnowing.Thetrainisarriving.Theblinddonotsee.Canyouread?Itdoesntpay.MayIgo?Wewaitedandwaited.,11,主語+不及物動詞+狀語,Didyousleepwell?Dontdrivesofast.Sheisstudyinghardattheuniversity.Sheswimslikeafish.Sheistremblingallover.YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.,12,主語+不及物動詞+副詞,Themeetingbrokeupingreatconfusion.Theenginebrokedown.Thebombblewup.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?Theconcertcameoffwell.Saleshavebeendroppingoffbadly.,13,主語+不及物動詞（有被動意思）,Thedoorblewopen.Cheesecutseasily.Shephotographswell.Thewindowwontshut.Silkstainseasily.Hereyesfilledwithtears.,基本句型二+（主謂賓）特點：謂語動詞都是實義動詞，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。e.g.Welikethemovie.S,V,o,15,主語+及物動詞+名詞/代詞,1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Helovespoetry.Heleftschoolin1988.Theyfoundacureforcancer.WetooktheearlyflighttoAmerica.2.習慣用語（動詞+名詞）Dontcatchcold.Takecare!Theiceisthin.,16,主語+及物動詞+反身代詞,IcantexpressmyselfEnglish.NowIllintroducemyself.Shesawherselfinthemirror.Icansupportmyself.Iaskedmyselfseveralquestions.,17,主語+及物動詞+不定式（作賓語）,Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.Wecantaffordtopaysuchaprice.Icantbeartoseeyoulikethis.Ididntexpecttofindyouhere.Idontwishtoleavemymother.Hepromisedtoseeherhome.,18,主語+及物動詞+動名詞（作賓語）,Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?Whyhavetheydelayedopeningthenewschool?Icantimaginelyinglikethis.Ipreferstanding.Iproposerestingforhalfanhour.,19,主語+及物動詞+連接副（代）詞引導的賓語從句,Ididntknowwheretheyhadgone.Thisshowshowmuchshesympathizedwithhim.DoyouseenowwhyIdidit?HeaskedwhenwewouldbeinLondon.Youcandiscusswhichishisbestpoem.IcantellyouwhatIhear.,基本句型三+（主系表）特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做(連)系動詞。系動詞可分四類：1）be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用,后可接動詞外的任何詞；2）感官動詞類look,feel,smell,taste,sound等3）表示變化：get,grow,become,turn,go等4）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)：stay,keep,remain,stand等,21,主語+系動詞+形容詞,Shefeltabitdizzy.Yourenotlookingverywell.Thedishsmellsgood.Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.Thingswillcomerightintheend.Hehasfallenill.Hisadviceprovedsound.,22,主語+系動詞+名詞/代詞,Hisdreamhasatlastbecomeareality.Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.Wecanremainfriends.Heappearedafool.Itsoundsagoodidea.Theaffairrestsamystery.,23,主語+系動詞+副詞,Ihavebeenoutforawalk.ButIvegottobeoffnow.Illseeifheisaround.Ifheisnothere,hesaboutsomewhere.Shehadbeenawayonalongtrip.,24,主語+系動詞+不定式,Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.Theiraimwastomodernizetheiragriculture.Yourjobistomakesurethattheworkisfinishedontime.Mydutyistogetyouaway,tosaveyou.,25,主語+系動詞+動名詞,Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Hisoccupationwasteaching.Myjobisrepairingcars.Hermaininterestisplayingtennis.,26,主語+系動詞+從句,Theirfirstideawasthathehadhiddenit.Myopinionisthattheplanwontwork.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.,27,主語+系動詞+形容詞+介詞短語,Be/系動詞+形容詞+介詞Beafraidof/beshortof/befondof/beproudof/betiredof/beconfidentof/beworriedabout/feelconfidentof/remainignorantof/fallshortof,28,主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式,Begladto/besorryto/behappyto/beanxiousto/bekeento/bereadyto/bewillingto/beafraidto/becontentto,29,主語+系動詞+形容詞+從句,Afraid/sorry/glad/sure/certain/confident/surprised/hopeful/proud/clear/aware(of),基本句型四+InO+D（主謂間賓直賓）特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。通常可改為S+V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.,31,主語+雙賓語動詞+名詞或代詞+名詞,1.動詞后接to:giveshowsendbringreadpasslendleavehandtellreturnwritethrowrefusephone等Shegavemehertelephonenumber(gaveajobtome).Hehandedmetheletter(thelettertome).2.動詞后接for:makebuydogetplaysingpayfindorderchoosesavecook,32,3.不能改為to或for的FinecostkisskeepmeanforgivesetTheyfinedher200dollars.,33,注意：1.如果直接賓語是人身代詞賓格時，只能用加to或for的形式。Eg：Sheoftengivesittome.,2.主語+謂語+間接賓語+疑問詞+todosth.(whattodo/howtodoit)Eg:Hetaughtmehowtoreadthewords.,基本句型五+O（主謂賓賓補）特點：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。判斷原則：能表達成賓語是/做e.g.Wemadehimthemonitor.S,V,O,OC,35,1.常跟復合賓語的動詞有：callnamemakethinkfindleaveandsoon.Eg:Iwillmakeyoucaptain.Ifoundthefilminteresting.,2.如seewatchlookatlistentohearfeelletmakehave后面跟不定式作賓語補足語時，常省略toEg：Helistenedtotheboycry.Letmego.Theteachermadethestudentslaugh.,36,主語+及物動詞+賓語+形容詞（作賓補）,Hefoundhisnewjobratherboring.Hegothisclotheswet.Shedyedherhairbrown.Finallytheysethimfree.Ilikemyteaveryhot.Shepushedthedooropen.,37,主語+及物動詞+賓語+名詞（作補語）,TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.TheynamedthecityLondon.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.,38,主語+及物動詞+賓語+不定式（作補語）,Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Dontallowyourselftoindulgeinfalsehopes.Iwishyoutobehappy.Permitmetoexplain.,典型例題分析,1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+謂+賓)2.Theflowerissonice.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+謂)4.Hegivesmesomebooks.S+V+InO+DO(主+謂+直賓+間賓)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+謂+賓+賓補),41,7.Herfatherlooksyoung.8.SheteachesusEnglish.9.Thechildrenarejumpingandlaughinghappily.10.Ourteacheraskedustotalkaboutthequestionsinpairs.11.Heoftentellsmesomeinterestingstories.12.Thestudentsmustkeeptheireyesclosed.,主+系+表,主+謂+間賓+直賓,主+謂,主+謂+賓+賓補,主+謂+間賓+直賓,主+謂+賓+賓補,42,1.Plantsneedwater.2.Theflowerissofresh.3.Thesunrisesintheeast.4.Hegivesmesomeflowers.5.Weshouldkeeptheroomclean.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.,主+謂+賓,主+系+表,主+謂,主+謂+間賓+直賓,主+謂+賓+賓補,主+謂,43,基本句型的擴展:e.g.Wefoundthehallfull.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。,44,同一個動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學習動詞時，應(yīng)掌握動詞的類型。以get為例：Hesgetting