閱讀理解公開課.ppt

,TheSkillsofReadingComprehension（閱讀理解）,WelcometoTheReadingKingdom,Skip:readsthjustrelatedtothequestionsandmissothersSkim:readsthquicklyinordertofindaparticularpointorthemainpointScan:lookateverypartofsthcarefully,especiallybecauseyouarelookingforaparticularthing,Readingskills:,Readingsteps:,Readthroughthepassagestocatchthemainidea.(瀏覽全文掌握大意)2.Readthequestionsandthentrytofindtheinformation.(根據(jù)題目尋找答案)3.Takenoteswhenlookingfortheanswers.(做好筆記明確答案）4.Thinkcarefullyaboutsomeuncertainchoices.(仔細(xì)斟酌排除選項(xiàng))5.Checktheanswers.(結(jié)合全文核對(duì)答案),Fourtypesofquestions,TheTitleQuestion(主旨大意題)_,WordsIntheContext(猜測詞義題)_,TheInferenceQuestion(推理判斷題)_,1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrue?2.Accordingtothepassage,when(why,how,who)3.Thewritermentions(提及)allofthefollowingexcept,1.Fromtheparagraph,wecaninfer(推斷）that2.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat,1.Whatsthemainidea/purposeofthepassage?2.Thepassageismainlyabout./Thewriterwantstotellus3.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?,1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrasemean?,A,B,C,D,C,A,B,D,TheFactQuestion(事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題)_,ReadingMaster,（閱讀達(dá)人）,Step3,Step2,Step1,types,tips,howtosearch,Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplacetooslowlytobenoticed.Overmanythousandsofyears,though,hugechangesarepossible.Forexample,thehumanbraintripled(三倍)insize.Ourfacesbecameflatter,andwebegantothinkmore.,Thechangesofhumanfacesarehardlynoticedbecause_.A.WeneverthinkaboutthechangesB.ThechangestakeplacetooslowlyC.ThesizeofourbrainbecomessmallD.Wehavenotimetopayattentiontoit,TheFactQuestion(事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題),Tip:抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,回原文中找到相關(guān)句,對(duì)比相關(guān)句，改寫后意思表述一致的選項(xiàng)為正確答案。,AssistantNeededAnassistantisneededinthePizzaHut.He/Shemustbehealthyandshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.TelThisadvertisementtellsusthat_.A.theassistantmustbeaman.B.theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.theassistantmustbegoodatmakingpizza.D.Workexperienceisntnecessary.,B,Tip:定位-抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,回原文中找到相關(guān)句。,howtoguess,Tip:利用因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。(關(guān)鍵詞:since,as,because,for,so,asaresult,sothat,forthisreason),Wordsinthecontext(猜測詞義題),?,(1)Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandoftenprotectyourselffrombeinghurt,soyouareverydefensive.,Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“defensive”?A.易怒的B.攻擊性的C.外向的D.有戒心的,(2)Johnlovestotalk,andhissistersaresimilarlyloquacious.,Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.silentB.peacefulC.talkativeD.humorous,Tip:1.利用近義關(guān)系猜測詞義。(關(guān)鍵詞:and,also,similarly,like,justas),(3)Someonelikedmilk,butothersabhorredit.,InEnglish,theunderlinedwordmeans_.,hate,2.利用反義關(guān)系猜測詞義。(關(guān)鍵詞:however,but,ontheotherhand,insteadof,while,unlike,although),(4)Theword“l(fā)efty”meansapersonwhouseshisorherlefthandforwriting,eatingandotherjobs.,左撇子,Tip:利用定義、解釋猜測詞義。(關(guān)鍵詞:is,means,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,becalled，referto),（5）Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.Peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects.Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化學(xué)家B.污染品C.藥品D.化學(xué)制品,D,chemistry-化學(xué)留下選項(xiàng)A和D根據(jù)上下文留下D.,Tip1:根據(jù)已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的詞根、詞綴來推出未知詞匯的意思。,(6)Imsureyourehopingyourchildrenhaveawinningyearatschool.Inorderforthattohappen,theyhavetosucceedintwoareas,academicallyandsocially(社交上).Inotherwords,yourchildrenneedtomakethegradeandmakefriends.Byusingtheunderlinedword”academically”,thewritermeansachildshould_.A.treattheirfriendskindlyB.knowhowtomakefriendsC.learnfromothersanytimeD.dowellinhisstudiesatschool,D,Tip:通過上下文來確定詞義。,遇到生詞要冷靜,Calmyourselfdownwhilemeetingthenewwords,howtoinfer,TheInferenceQuestion(推理判斷題),?,DukeEllingtonisknownasoneofthemostimportantcomposers(作曲家)ofhistime,andhisworkshavebeenenjoyedformorethan80yearsbymusicloversallovertheworld.DuringhislifetimeEllingtonturnedmusicalsoundsintomanycompositions,mostlyinthestyleofJazz.,Wemayinferfromthepassagethat_.Ellingtonsworksdisappearedquickly.Ellingtonlovestravellingaroundtheworld.Ellingtoncouldcomposeallkindsofsongs.Ellingtonhadagreatinfluenceontheworldofmusic.,Tip:根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或選項(xiàng)中的線索，找到原文的相關(guān)句,對(duì)相關(guān)句進(jìn)行合理推斷、概括的選項(xiàng)為正確答案。,IhadtokeepcalmforthemeetingbecauseIneedtomaketheclients(客戶)believethatourplanwasthebest.However,IfoundIlefttheplanathomeandIwasgoingtogiveatalkabouttheplantoclients.IalmostgotangrywhenIrealizedthatIhadanothercopy(份)inmyoffice.Atlast,themeetingcametoanendanditturnedouttobesuccessful.,Whatdidtheclientsthinkofthewriterstalk?BoringB.Justso-soC.ExcellentD.Terrible,IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslaterWhenleavingschool,Igotsomemoney.Ihopetobecomeafull-timecraftswoman.Fromthesetwoparagraphs,whenfinishingschoolstudies,thewriterwasabout_.14B.16C.18D.21,D,Tip:根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或選項(xiàng)中的線索，找到原文的相關(guān)句,對(duì)相關(guān)句進(jìn)行合理推斷。,howtounderstand,TheTitleQuestion(主旨大意題),?,Nowscientistshavetoldussomegoodnewstofighttravelsickness.Chooseanaisle(過道)seatonaplane,trainandsitinthefrontofacar.Avoidstanding.Alwaysfacethesamewaythatyouretravellingandleaveyourbooksathome.,Theparagraphismainlyabout_?WheretositonaplaneWhentotravelHowtopreventtravelsicknessWhyweshouldntstand,Tip1:在文章的首段或尾段中找到主旨大意。,Sixstrongmentriedtopushandpull(拉拽)thebullout,butthebulldidntmoveatallandevenattacked(攻擊)them.Thementhoughtcarefullyanddecidedtofillthebullsmilkbottlewithmilkthenusedittoleadthebullout.Itworkedatlast.Sometimeswemeetwithtroubles.Maybeatfirstyoufinditdifficulttodealwithaproblem.Butthinkingindifferentwaysmayleadyoutothesolution.,Whatdoesthisparagraphwanttotellus?Experienceisthebestteacher.Somethingtried,somethingdone.Itsdangeroustomakeabullangry.Whenausualwaycanthelp,tryanotherway.,NewYork,London,Parisandotherbigcitiesareexcitingplacestolivein.Therearemanyinterestingthingstoseeandtodo.Youcangotodifferentkindsofmuseums,cinemasandtheatres.Youcanalsogoshoppingtobuythingsfromallovertheworld.Butthereareseriousproblemsinbigcitiestoo.Thecostoflivingishigh,andtherearetoomanypeoplemovingtosomebigcities.Andtoomanypeopleinasmallspacemakeithardtokeepthecitiessafeandclean.Sosomepeopleenjoylivinginbigcitiesbutothersdonot.,Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?BigcitiesNewYork,London,andParisExcitingplacestoliveinSeriousproblemsinbigcities,Tip2:主旨大意隱含在全篇中。對(duì)每段主題句，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。,ReadingMaster,（閱讀達(dá)人）,types,tips,Step3,practice,Paul,ascientistattheUniversityofWisconsin,believesthatthesensescanbechangeable.Forexample,earscanbeusedforsmelling.Thebrain,asweknow,isacomplexorgan(復(fù)雜器官).Evenwhenpartofitishurt,itwilltrytocarryoutthesamefunction(功能)bysendingthefunctiontoanotherareaofthebrain.,Whatcouldbethebesttitlefortheparagraph?SensesareimportantAninterestingexperimentFamousscientistSensesarechangeable,Forexample,agreenhornissomeonewhohasnoexperience,whoisnewtoasituation.Inthefifteenthcentury,agreenhornwasayoungcoworoxwhosehornshadnotdeveloped.Acenturylater,agreenhornwasasoldierwhohadnotyethadanyexperienceinbattle.Bytheeighteenthcentury,agreenhornhadthemeaningithastoday-apersonwhoisnewinthejob.,Fromtheparagraph,wecaninferthat_AgreenhornreferstoahornofayoungcoworfoxAwordhasdifferentmeaningsinthesamecenturyThelanguagedevelopswithtimegoingbyAgreenhornmeansasoldierwhohasnthadanyexperienceinbattletoday,Sociablepeople,thosewholiketobewithothers,likered.,A.城市的B.社會(huì)學(xué)的C.愛運(yùn)動(dòng)的D.好交際的,Sheaskedthehairdressertotrimherhairasitwastoolong.,InChinese,theunderlinedwordmeans_.,修剪,直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。,閱讀理解的解題方法,捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。,2、找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞、句，并劃線,1、以題目為中心,3、跳出文章看大意,4、以作者的思想為基準(zhǔn),5、多反問、假設(shè)（尤其是主旨題）,解題注意點(diǎn)：,basiclanguageknowledge,importantEnglishgrammar,thewesternculture,readingskills,ReadingMaster,Romewasntbuiltinaday.workharderandpracticemore，yourhardworkwillberewarded!,Haveatry!,Homework,1.Learnmorereadingstrategiesbyyourselvesafterschool.,2.Readmorearticlesinthenewspapersormagazinesandpracticeasmuchaspossible.,Thankyou!,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：,1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthat_A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina.,1查找事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)型,B,2.Inthepast,therewereforestsallaroundLakePonkapog,sorainwaterwasclean.Inthepast,LakePonkapogwassurrounded(環(huán)繞)by_.A.fishB.rainC.birdsD.forests,D,2.邏輯推理型1）根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner.Whenitwasaboutsixoclock,mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread.Sosheaskedourfive-year-olddaughter,Kathy,tobuysome.Oneday,Kathysparentsinvitedsomefriendsto_.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.havesupperD.haveaparty.,C,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：,2)根據(jù)計(jì)算判斷,Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning空調(diào)at26,Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt-hours千瓦時(shí)ofelectricityinonesummer.Thatsone-thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason,”saidaTVadvertisement.Beijingwilluse_millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：,A,常用提問方式：Accordingto(根據(jù))thepassage,weknowthat_Thetitle(標(biāo)題)ofthepassagecanbe_.Thewritertellsus_.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：,3.歸納中心句,主題句在文章開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文常用此方式。,1.在開頭,中心句常在文章中出現(xiàn)的位置,Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butisusessounds.Todaysprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic？Whosangthefirstsong？Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryoneslife.,_,文章開頭就說明今天的節(jié)目是關(guān)于音樂的，其后的句子都是圍繞介紹音樂的。,Intheseatherearemanyislands.Initswatertherearesomelittleones.Wecallthem“CoralIslands(珊瑚島)”.CoralIslandsbegantobuildunderthewateryearafteryear.Thecoralgrewhigherandhigher.Atlastitgrewoutofthewater.Thentheseabroughttoitsmalltreesandsomethingelse.Aftersomeyears,thesethingschangedintoearth.Sometimesbirdsflewoveritandbroughtseeds(種子)。Thelittleseedsgrew.Inafewyearstherewereplantsallovertheisland.Soyousee,theseislandswerebuiltlittlebylittle.Canyouthinkwhatthelessonis?Smallworkerscandowonderfulthingsiftheyworkhardandworkalongtime.,主題句常在文章中出現(xiàn)的位置,2.在結(jié)尾,3.在中間,通常是文章的開頭提出問題，陳述細(xì)節(jié)，導(dǎo)出主題句，然后再進(jìn)一步用細(xì)節(jié)說明支持主題句。如：,中心句常在文章中出現(xiàn)的位置,Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.,_,_,有些文章或段落無明顯的主題句,只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題.這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)或提供的線索來概括總結(jié)主旨大意。,典型例題分析:根據(jù)短語意思，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven.Throughtheholeintheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore.Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.Infact,thereare260coal（煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmfulanddangerous.Thenhowtoputthemout?Scientistshavetriedtosetfiretoundergroundcoaltospeedupthefires.Inthisway,theburningofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished.,Whatisthebesttitle（標(biāo)題）forthearticle?A.WatchingtheUnderground-Fire.B.AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires.C.TheBurningEarth.D.CoalandCoalFires.,B,分析完成這道題需作一定的歸納，因?yàn)槲恼轮袥]有給出直接的回答。文章從MrBrown兩次看火，然后說出地下火的危害，最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊，如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為B。,4.詞句含義理解型題目,Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆蟲).Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化學(xué)家B.污染品C.化妝品D.化學(xué)制品,D,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：,遇到生詞要冷靜,Calmyourselfdownwhilemeetingthenewwords,A.利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測,根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進(jìn)行猜詞。如，care(小心)careful(小心的)carefully(小心地);write(寫)rewrite(改寫)。,un-;d