游梁式抽油機(jī)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì).doc

1遼寧石油化工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文游梁式抽油機(jī)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)摘要游梁式抽油機(jī)的優(yōu)化方案的可信與否,主要取決于建立數(shù)學(xué)模型的準(zhǔn)確性.設(shè)計(jì)變量,目標(biāo)函數(shù),約束條件是數(shù)學(xué)模型的三要素.選取目標(biāo)函數(shù)約束條件不同,優(yōu)化結(jié)果也不同。抽油機(jī)所受載荷比較特殊,很難建立單一函數(shù)取得最優(yōu)解。論文通過(guò)上沖程最大扭矩因數(shù),上沖程懸點(diǎn)最大加速度,曲柄均方根扭矩最小化,平衡率極大化,交變載荷系數(shù)接近1為目標(biāo)，綜合進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。各目標(biāo)雖然相關(guān),但不適合用加權(quán)法構(gòu)造統(tǒng)一目標(biāo)。優(yōu)化策略是分別采用以上沖程maxTF,maxa單目標(biāo)分別求極小值,其余目標(biāo)綜合判優(yōu)的方法,以求得全局最優(yōu)解。本優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)是具有5個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)變量,15個(gè)約束條件的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化問(wèn)題。操作時(shí)選用了扭矩因數(shù),懸點(diǎn)加速度單目標(biāo)自動(dòng)尋優(yōu),在多個(gè)較優(yōu)解中,按統(tǒng)一模型示功圖人工決策均方根扭矩最小、平衡效果最好、交變載荷系數(shù)盡量接近1的全局最優(yōu)解的優(yōu)化策略。在選取約束條件時(shí),盡量取消一些不起作用的約束,以提高運(yùn)算效率,對(duì)于異相型抽油機(jī)選用了15個(gè)約束條件(含一個(gè)等式約束)可滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。關(guān)鍵詞：游梁式抽油機(jī)，優(yōu)化，懸點(diǎn)最大加速度,曲柄均方根扭矩。2AbstractBeampumpingunitoptimizationsthecredibilityoftheprogramdependsontheaccuracyofthemathematicalmodel.Designvariables,theobjectivefunctionandconstraintsofamathematicalmodelarethethreeelements.Choosingthedifferenttargetsoffunctionsinconstraintconditions,optimizationresultsaredifferent.Pumpsloadisratherspecial.Itisverydifficulttoestablishasinglefunctionobtainingtheoptimalsolution.Theauthorgoesthroughtheabove-strokemaximummomentoftorsion,hangingonthestrokemaximumacceleration,Cranklordminimumtorsion,theaveragemaximumefficiency,alternatingloadgoalscloseto1.Althoughtheobjectivesarerelevant,itdoesnotapplytotheweightedmethodofconstructingthegoalofreunification.SousingmaxTFandmaxahavetogetsingletargetinthemselves,theremaininggoalsgetabetterintegratedapproachtoachievetheglobalsolutiontotheoptimaldesignpumpingunitinfivedesignvariables,15conditionsformulti-objectiveoptimizationproblem.Inoperation,Ichoosethetorquefactor,Suspendedpointaccelerationsingleobjectiveoptimizationautomatically,inanumberofoptimumsolution,astoauniformmodeldiagramartificialdecisionfortheminimumtorsion,thebestbalance,variableloadfactorascloseto1,whichispossibletoanoptimalsolutiontotheoverallsituationoftheoptimalstrategy.Whenselectingconstraints,wedoour3besttocancelsomenon-functionalconstraints,toimprovetheefficiencyofoperation。Specialmodelpumpingunitcanchoose15bindingconditions(includinganequalityconstraint)whichcouldmeetthedesignrequiring.KeyWords：Beampumpingunit，optimization,theabove-strokemaximummomentoftorsion,hangingonthestrokemaximumacceleration4目錄前言61抽油機(jī)的工作原理61.1常規(guī)型游梁式抽油機(jī)71.2異相型游梁式抽油機(jī)71.3抽油機(jī)的類型81.4綜述抽油機(jī)國(guó)內(nèi)、外技術(shù)發(fā)展概況92優(yōu)化方法概論112.1一維搜索法122.1.10.618法132