中英文翻譯--PLC、工業(yè)PC與DCS的特點(diǎn)與趨勢(shì).docVIP

外文資料翻譯-1-ThecharacteristicsandtrendsofPLC,DCSandindustrialPCPLC、工業(yè)PC與DCS的特點(diǎn)與趨勢(shì)Atpresent,widelyusedinindustrialautomationsystemsofthethreelargeindustrialPC,DCSandPLC.Here,fortheireconomicandtechnologicalstandardsanddevelopmenttrendsdescribed.目前，廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的3大件是工業(yè)PC、DCS和PLC。在此，對(duì)于他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行敘述。First,thecharacteristicsandApplicationofPLC一、可編程序控制器的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用1.PLCApplication1.PLC的應(yīng)用EarlyPLC(ProgrammableLogicController,PLC),mainlytoreplacerelaylogiccontroltoachieve.Withcomputertechnology,communicationstechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofautomaticcontroltechnology,thePLCwillbethetraditionalrelaycontroltechnologyandtheemergingcomputertechnologyandcommunicationstechnologyintegration,withhighreliability,strongfunctionandflexible,Programmingsimple,easytouseandaseriesofadvantages,aswellasgoodperformanceoftheindustrialenvironmentandcontroltargetsofperformanceinindustrialproductioninawiderangeofapplications.早期的可編程序控制器(ProgrammableLogicController，PLC)，主要用來(lái)代替繼電器實(shí)現(xiàn)邏輯控制。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)和自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，可編程序控制器將傳統(tǒng)的繼電器控制技術(shù)與新興的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)融為一體，具有可靠性高、功能強(qiáng)、應(yīng)用靈活、編程簡(jiǎn)單、使用方便等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以及良好的工業(yè)環(huán)境工作性能和自動(dòng)控制目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)性能，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。1969,theUnitedStatesDigitalEquipmentCorporation(DEC)developedtheworldsfirstprogrammablecontroller.Earlyseparationfromtheprogrammablecontrollercomponentsandsmallandmedium-sizedintegratedcircuitcomponent,the外文資料翻譯-2-mainfunctionpreviouslyperformedbytherelayiscompletedsequencecontrol,suchastiming.Theearly1970s,smallsize,strongfunctionandcheapermicroprocessorsusedPLC,makesthePLCfunctionhasbeenenhancedsignificantly.Intermsofhardware,inadditiontomaintainingitsoriginalswitchmodules,hasalsoincreasedthesimulationmodule,remoteI/Omodulesandspecialfunctionmodulesall.Intermsofsoftware,easytousePLCElectricstaffintheladderdiagramprogramminglanguage,inadditiontomaintainingtheoriginallogicfunctions,hasalsoincreasedthearithmeticoperations,dataprocessingandtransmission,communicationsandself-diagnosticcapabilities.Inthe1980s,thelate,asultra-large-scaleintegratedcircuittechnologyisdevelopingrapidly,microprocessormarketasharppricedrop,thePLCmakesthemicroprocessorsusedbythegeneralimprovementingrades.Furthermore,inordertofurtherimprovetheprocessingspeedofPLC,themanufacturerhasdevelopedadedicatedlogicchip,greatlyimprovingthePLChardwareandsoftwarefunctions.1969年，美國(guó)數(shù)字設(shè)備公司(DEC)研制出世界上第一臺(tái)可編程控制器。早期的可編程控制器由分離元件和中小規(guī)模集成電路組成，主要功能是執(zhí)行原先由繼電器完成的順序控制、定時(shí)等。70年代初期，體積小、功能強(qiáng)和價(jià)格便宜的微處理器被用于PLC，使得PLC的功能大大增強(qiáng)。在硬件方面，除了保持其原有的開(kāi)關(guān)模塊以外，還增加了模擬量模塊、遠(yuǎn)程I/O模塊和各種特殊功能模塊。在軟件方面，PLC采用極易為電氣人員掌握的梯形圖編程語(yǔ)言，除了保持原有的邏輯運(yùn)算等功能以外，還增加了算術(shù)運(yùn)算、數(shù)據(jù)處理和傳送、通訊、自診斷等功能。進(jìn)入80年代中、后期，由于超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，微處理器的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格大幅度下跌，使得PLC所采用的微處理器的檔次普遍提高。而且，為了進(jìn)一步提高PLC的處理速度，各制造廠商還研制開(kāi)發(fā)了專用邏輯處理芯片，大大提高了PLC軟、硬件功能。2.CharacteristicsPLC2.PLC的特點(diǎn)Inthedevelopedindustrialcountries,PLChasbeenwidelyusedinallindustrialsectors.AccordingtoTheUnitedStatesmarketinformationWorldPLCandsoftwaremarketreport,in1995theglobalsoftwarePLCanditseconomiesofscaleof外文資料翻譯-3-about5billionUSdollars5.Aselectronictechnologyandthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,thePLCfunctionsaregreatlyenhanced,withthefollowingcharacteristics:在發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家，PLC已經(jīng)廣泛的應(yīng)用在所有的工業(yè)部門(mén)。據(jù)“美國(guó)市場(chǎng)信息”的世界PLC以及軟件市場(chǎng)報(bào)告稱，1995年全球PLC及其軟件的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模約50億美元5。隨著電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，PLC的功能得到大大的增強(qiáng)，具有以下特點(diǎn)：(1)highreliability.PLCbenefitedfromthehigh-reliabilityhardwareandsoftwareonaseriesofanti-jammingmeasuresandthecycleofitsspecialscanningmethodsofwork.(1)可靠性高。PLC的高可靠性得益于軟、硬件上一系列的抗干擾措施和它特殊的周期循環(huán)掃描工作方式。(2)withrichI/Ointerfacemodule.PLCfordifferentindustrialfieldsignalandthecorrespondingI/Omodulesandindustrialdevicesorequipmentatthesceneofadirectconnection.Inadditiontoimprovingperformance,italsohasavarietyofman-machinedialogueinterfacemodulestotheindustrialcompositionoflocalareanetworks,italsomultiplecommunicationsnetworkinterfacemodule.(2)具有豐富的I/O接口模塊。PLC針對(duì)不同的工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信號(hào)，有相應(yīng)的I/O模塊與工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的器件或設(shè)備直接連接。另外為了提高操作性能，它還有多種人機(jī)對(duì)話的接口模塊；為了組成工業(yè)局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它還有多種通訊聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接口模塊。(3)modularstructure.Tomeettheneedsofvariousindustrialcontrol,inadditiontoasmallPLCunit,thevastmajorityofPLCaremodularstructure.PLCvariouscomponents,includingtheCPU,powersupply,I/O,etc.ismodularindesignfromtherackandcableswillconnecteachmodule,thesystemssizeandfunctioninaccordancewiththeneedsofusersofitsownportfolio.(3)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)。為了適應(yīng)各種工業(yè)控制需要，除了單元式的小型PLC以外，絕大多數(shù)PLC均采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)。PLC的各個(gè)部件，包括CPU、電源、I/O等均采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，由機(jī)架及電纜將各模塊連接起來(lái)，系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模和功能可根據(jù)用戶的需要自行組合。外文資料翻譯-4-(4)easytolearnprogramming.MostofthePLCprogrammingrelaycontrolcircuitsimilartotheladderdiagramform,theuser,donothavecomputerexpertise,itiseasytogeneralengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelunderstandandmaster.(4)編程簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)。PLC的編程大多采用類似于繼電器控制線路的梯形圖形式，對(duì)使用者來(lái)說(shuō)，不需要具備計(jì)算機(jī)的專門(mén)知識(shí)，因此很容易被一般工程技術(shù)人員所理解和掌握。(5)Installationissimpleandeasymaintenance.PLCdoesnotrequirespecializedequipmentroominavarietyofindustrialenvironmentscanbedirectlyrun.Variousmodulesarerunandfaultindicationdevices,user-friendlyunderstandingoftheoperationandfindfault.Themodularstructure,soanyfailureofamodule,userscanreplacethemodule,allowingthesystemtorapidlyresumeoperation.(5)安裝簡(jiǎn)單，維修方便。PLC不需要專門(mén)的機(jī)房，可以在各種工業(yè)環(huán)境下直接運(yùn)行。各種模塊上均有運(yùn)行和故障指示裝置，便于用戶了解運(yùn)行情況和查找故障。由于采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，因此一旦某模塊發(fā)生故障，用戶可以通過(guò)更換模塊的方法，使系統(tǒng)迅速恢復(fù)運(yùn)行。Second,thecharacteristicsandApplicationofindustrialPC二、工業(yè)PC1.IndustrialPCindustrialcontrolapplications1.工業(yè)PC的工業(yè)控制應(yīng)用IndustrialPChardwareandsoftwaresupportofabroad,diversevarietiescantakefulladvantageofexcellentgraphicaluserinterfacecapabilities,theindustrialusersanenormouslyattractive.EarlyPCbutnotsuitableforindustrialprocesscontrolautomationapplications,suchasincreasingmodifiedbystrengtheningtheprotectionofthecase,suchascoolingdampingtakenmeasurestomeettheindustrialenvironmentistheapplicationofsomeoftherequirementsofthecharacteristicsofi