外文翻譯--開放式數(shù)控.doc

機械專業(yè)外語翻譯第1頁共6頁機械專業(yè)外語翻譯外語翻譯OpenCNCsystemOpenCNCsystemisthedevelopmentofnumericalcontrolsystemcanberuninaunifiedplatformformachinetoolmanufacturersandendusers,bychanging,addingorcuttingoutthestructureobject(NCfunction)toformaseries,andeasilytheusersspecialintegrationofapplicationsandtechnicalknow-howtothecontrolsystem,quicklyrealizethedifferentvarietiesanddifferentgradesofopenCNCsystem,formadistinctivebrandpersonality.Theopennumericalcontrolsystemarchitecturespecification,communicationspecifications,configurationspecifications,operatingplatform,functionlibrariesandCNCnumericalcontrolsystemsoftwaredevelopmenttools,systemfunctionisthecoreofthecurrentstudy.Networknumericalcontrolequipmentiswell-knowninternationalmachinetoolfairthepasttwoyears,anewbrightspot.NCnetworkequipmentwillgreatlysatisfytheproductionlines,manufacturingsystems,manufacturinginformationintegrationneedsofenterprises,butalsoachievenewmanufacturingmodel,suchasagilemanufacturing,virtualenterprises,globalmanufacturingthebaseunit.Somewell-knownathomeandabroad,andCNCCNCmachinetoolsmanufacturingcompanieshaveintroducedinrecentyearsrelatedtonewconceptsandprototype,asinEMO2001exhibition,JapanYamazakiMazak(Mazak)thatthecompanyexhibitsCyberProductionCenter(intelligentproductioncontrolcenter,referredtoasCPC)；JapanOkuma(Okuma)MachineCompanyexhibitedITplaza(InformationTechnologySquare,referredtoasITPlaza)；GermanysSiemens(Siemens)thatthecompanyexhibitsOpenManufacturingEnvironment(openmanufacturingenvironment,referredtoasOME),etc.,reflectingtheCNCmachiningdirectionofthenetworktrend.1.4Theemphasisonnewtechnicalstandards,rules1.4.1TheestablishmentofnormsonthenumericalcontrolsystemdesignanddevelopmentAsmentionedearlier,openCNCsystemhasbetterversatility,flexibility,adaptability,scalability,theUnitedStates,theEuropeanCommunityandJapanStateshavetoimplementthestrategicdevelopmentplan,andanopenarchitectureCNCsystemspecification(OMAC,OSACA,OSEC)researchanddevelopment,theworldsthreelargesteconomiesintheshorttermwerealmostthesamestandardofscientificplanninganddevelopment,foreshadowedanewCNCtechnologycomingperiodofchange.Chinaalsostartedin2000,ONCCNCsysteminChinasresearchanddevelopmentofregulatoryframeworks.NContheNCStandard1.4.2standardisthedevelopmentofmanufacturinginformationofatrend.CNCtechnology50yearsafterthebirthoftheexchangeofinformationisbasedonISO6983standards,whichadoptstheG,Mcodedescribeshow(how)processing,theessentialcharacteristicsofprocess-oriented,obviously,hecannotmeetmodernCNCtechnologyhigh-speeddevelopment.機械專業(yè)外語翻譯第2頁共6頁開放式數(shù)控開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運行平臺上，面向機床廠家和最終用戶，通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對象（數(shù)控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產(chǎn)品。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運行平臺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當前研究的核心。網(wǎng)絡(luò)化數(shù)控裝備是近兩年國際著名機床博覽會的一個新亮點。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求，也是實現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。國內(nèi)外一些著名數(shù)控機床和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關(guān)的新概念和樣機，如在EMO2001展中，日本山崎馬扎克（Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProductionCenter”（智能生產(chǎn)控制中心，簡稱CPC)；日本大隈（Okuma）機床公司展出“ITplaza”（信息技術(shù)廣場，簡稱IT廣場)；德國西門子(Siemens)公司展出的OpenManufacturingEnvironment（開放制造環(huán)境，簡稱OME）等，反映了數(shù)控機床加工向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展的趨勢。1.4重視新技術(shù)標準、規(guī)范的建立1.4.1關(guān)于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計開發(fā)規(guī)范如前所述，開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)有更好的通用性、柔性、適應(yīng)性、擴展性，美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實施戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展計劃，并進行開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)規(guī)范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界3個最大的經(jīng)濟體在短期內(nèi)進行了幾乎相同的科學(xué)計劃和規(guī)范的制定，預(yù)示了數(shù)控技術(shù)的一個新的變革時期的來臨。我國在2000年也開始進行中國的ONC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。1.4.2關(guān)于數(shù)控標準數(shù)控標準是制造業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的一種趨勢。數(shù)控技術(shù)誕生后的50年間的信息交換都是基于ISO6983標準，即采用G，M代碼描述如何（how）加工，其本質(zhì)特征是面向加工過程，顯然，他已越來越不能滿足現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)高速發(fā)展的需要。Tothisend,theinternationalresearchanddevelopmentisanewCNCsystemstandardISO14649(STEP-NC),theaimistoprovideaspecificsystemdoesnotrelyonaneutralmechanismtodescribetheproductlifecycleofaunifieddatamodelinordertoachievetheentiremanufacturingprocess,variousindustrialfieldsaswellasthestandardizationofproductinformation.STEP-NCmaybetheemergenceofarevolutioninthefieldofnumericalcontroltechnology,thedevelopmentofnumerical機械專業(yè)外語翻譯第3頁共6頁controltechnologyforthemanufacturingsectorasawhole,willhavefar-reachingimpact.First,STEP-NCmanufacturingpresentsanewconcept,theconceptoftraditionalmanufacturing,NCmachiningprogramareconcentratedinasinglecomputer.Underthenewstandard,NCprogramscanbedistributedontheInternet,whichisopennumericalcontroltechnologyandnetworkdevelopment.Secondly,STEP-NCCNCsystemcanalsoreduceprocessingdrawings(about75%),processingthetime(about35%)andprocessingtime(about50%).Atpresent,EuropeandtheUnitedStatesattachesgreatimportancetotheresearchSTEP-NC,theEuropeanlaunchoftheIMSSTEP-NCprogram(1999.1.12001.12.31).ToparticipateinthisprogramarefromEuropeandJapan20CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNCusers,vendorsandacademicinstitutions.U.S.STEPToolsisaglobalexchangeofdatawithinthesoftwaredevelopmentindustry,hehasdevelopedfortheexchangeofinformationofCNCmachiningsupermodel(SuperModel),whosegoalisaunifiedspecificationdescribesalltheprocess.SuchnewdataexchangeformathasbeenequippedwithSIEMENS,FIDIAandtheEuropeanOSACA-NCNCsystemisverifiedontheprototype.2pairsofnumericalcontroltechnologyandindustrialdevelopmentofthebasicestimatesofnumericalcontroltechnologystartedin1958,nearly50yearsofdevelopmentcanbedividedintothreephases:thefirstfrom1958to1979,thatcloseddevelopmentstage.Atthisstage,duetoblockadeofforeigntechnologyandourbasicconditions,numericalcontroltechnologydevelopmentisrelativelyslow.ThesecondstageisinthestatesJune,JulyandduringtheEighthFive-YearPeriod,theintroductionoftechnology,digestionandabsorption,theinitialsetupphaseofthelocalizationsystem.Atthisstage,thereformandopening-upandnationalattention,andresearchanddevelopmenttoimprovetheenvironmentandtheinternationalenvironment,Chinasnumericalcontroltechnologyresearch,developmentandlocalizationofproductshavemadegreatprogress.ThethirdstageisinthestatesAugustandthelaterduringthethattheimplementationofindustryresearch,marketcompetitionstage.Atthisstage,Chinasdomesticnumericalcontrolequipmentindustryhasmadesubstantialprogress.IntheNinthFive,theendmadeCNCmachinetoolsinthedomesticmarketshareof50%,withdomesticCNCsystem(popular)alsoreached10%.為此，國際上正在研究和制定一種新的CNC系統(tǒng)標準ISO14649（STEPNC)，其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統(tǒng)的中性機制，能夠描述產(chǎn)品整個生命周期內(nèi)的統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)模型，從而實現(xiàn)整個制造過程，乃至各個工業(yè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)品信息的標準化。STEP-NC的出現(xiàn)可能是數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一次革命，對于數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展乃至整個制造業(yè)，將產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。首先，STEP-NC提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統(tǒng)的制造理念中，NC加工程序都集中在單個計算機上。而在新標準下，NC程序可以分散在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，這正是數(shù)控技術(shù)開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展的方向。其次，STEP-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)還可大大減少加工圖紙（約75）、加工程序編制時間（約機械專業(yè)外語翻譯第4頁共6頁35）和加工時間（約50）。目前，歐美國家非常重視STEP-NC的研究，歐洲發(fā)起了STEP-NC的IMS計劃(1999.1.12001.12.31)。參加這項計劃的有來自歐洲和日本的20個CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用戶、廠商和學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)。美國的STEPTools公司是全球范圍內(nèi)制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)交換軟件的開發(fā)者，他已經(jīng)開發(fā)了用作數(shù)控機床加工信息交換的超級模型(SuperModel)，其目標是用統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范描述所有加工過程。目前這種新的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式已經(jīng)在配備了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及歐洲OSACA-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的原型樣機上進行了驗證。2對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基本估計我國數(shù)控技術(shù)起步于1958年，近50年的發(fā)展歷程大致可分為3個階段：第一階段從1958年到1979年，即封閉式發(fā)展階段。在此階段，由于國外的技術(shù)封鎖和我國的基礎(chǔ)條件的限制，數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展較為緩慢。第二階段是在國家的“六五”、“七五”期間以及“八五”的前期，即引進技術(shù)，消化吸收，初步建立起國產(chǎn)化體系階段。在此階段，由于改革開放和國家的重視，以及研究開發(fā)環(huán)境和國際環(huán)境的改善，我國數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究、開發(fā)以及在產(chǎn)品的國產(chǎn)化方面都取得了長足的進步。第三階段是在國家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期間，即實施產(chǎn)業(yè)化的研究，進入市場競爭階段。在此階段，我國國產(chǎn)數(shù)控裝備的產(chǎn)業(yè)化取得了實質(zhì)性進步。在“九五”末期，國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機床的國內(nèi)市場占有率達50，配國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)（普及型）也達到了10。Throughoutthepast50yearsofCNCtechnologydevelopmentprocess,especiallythroughfour5-yearplanofresearch,onthewholeachievedthefollowingresults.a.laidthefoundationforthedevelopmentofnumericalcontroltechnology,thebasicgraspofmodernCNCtechnology.OurcountryisnowbasicallyunderstoodfromtheNCsystem,servodrives,CNChost,planeandfittingsbasedtechnology,whichalreadyhasmostofthetechnicalbasisfor