外文翻譯--汽車的差速器.doc

41附錄AutomobiledifferentialdeviceThemotorcarenginepowerafterthecoupling,thetransmissiongearbox,thedriveshaft,thefinalbiographydeliversdrivingaxleabouttoassignagainforsemiaxisactuatesthewheel,inthistransmissionofpowerway,drivingaxleislastalwaysbecomes,itsmajorcomponentisthereductiongearandthedifferentialdevice.Thereductiongearfunctionisdeceleratesincreasesrectangular,thisfunctiondependsentirelyonbetweenthegearandthegearmeshescompletes,comparedwithiseasytounderstand.Butthedifferentialdevicequiteisdifficulttounderstandthat,whatiscalledthedifferentialdevice,whywantsthedifferencefast?Theautomobiledifferentialdeviceisactuationhost.Itsfunctioniswhiletotwosidesemiaxistransmissionspowers,allowsnearbytwosemiaxistorevolvebythedifferentrotationalspeed,satisfiestwosidewheelstotheformwhichpurelyrollsnottomakesamelenggethetravelasfaraspossible,reducesthetireandthegroundfriction.automobilewhenthecornerthewheeltrajectoryisacirculararc,iftheautomobiletenleftiscurved,thecirculararccentralpointinleftside,inthesametime,thearcwhichrightflankthewheelwalkscomparedtoaleftsideturnofZichang,inordertobalancethisdifferenceleftside,wantswheelslow,rightsidewheelquick,makesupthedistancewiththedifferentrotationalspeedthedifference.Ifbackwheelmakesawhole,isunabletoachievetwosideswheelstherotationalspeeddifference,alsoiscannotachievetheautomaticcontrol.Inordertosolvethisproblem,asearlyasin100yearsago,FrenchReynoldcarcompanysfounderLouisReynolddesignedthedifferentialdevicethisgadgetordinarydifferentialdevicebytheplanetgear,planetarygear,componentsandsoonrear42axleshaftgearhasbeencomposed.Theenginepowerclassicsandcommentariesmovingaxisentersthedifferentialdevice,thedirectdriveplanetarygearframe,leadsleft,righttwoagainbytheplanetarygearsemiaxis,separatelyactuatesleft,therightwheel.Thedifferentialdevicedesignrequestsatisfies:(leftsemiaxisrotationalspeed)(rightsemiaxisrotationalspeed)=2(planetarygearrotationalspeed).Whenautomobilegoalone,isleft,therightwheelandaplanetarygearthreerotationalspeedequallyisatthestateofequilibrium,butwhenautomobilecurvethreestatesofequilibriumaredestroyed,causeaninsideturnofrotationalspeedtoreduce,aflankturnofrotationalspeedincreases.Thiskindofadjustmentisautomatic,hereinvolvesthesmallestenergyconsumptionprinciple,alsoisontheEarthallobjectsallfavorstoconsumesenergythesmallestcondition.Forexampleadmitsagrainofbeaninabowl,thebeancanautomaticallypauseinthebowlbottombutcannotpauseinthebowlwall,becausethebowlbottomistheenergylowestposition(potentialenergy),itsautomaticselectionstatic(kineticenergyissmallest)butcannottheunceasingmovement.Similartruth,wheelwhencurvealsocanautomaticallytendtotheenergyconsumptionlowestconditionabout,whenautomaticallyadjustsaturnofrotationalspeed.worksasthecurveaccordingtotheradiusofturn,becauseoutsidesidewheelhasthephenomenonwhichslipperytows,insidewheelhaswheelspinthephenomenon,twodrivinggearsthistimecanoppositehavetwodirectionstoattachthethrustaugmentation,becausethesmallestenergyconsumptionprinciple,inevitablycausestwosidewheelstherotationalspeedstobedifferent,thusdestroyedthreebalancesrelations,andthroughsemiaxisreflectedtotherearaxleshaftgearon,forcestheplanetgeartohavetherotation,makestheflanksemiaxisrotationalspeedtospeedup,theinsidesemiaxisrotationalspeedreducesspeed,Thusrealizestwosidecarsturnofrotationalspeedsdifference.Ontheautomobileusesthegeardrivetheparttohavedrivingaxle,thetransmissiongearbox,theengine,theazimuthtraining43gearandsoonalwaysbecomes,thedifferentpartusesaformdifferentsizenotgear.Inallkindsofgear,someonenamenamedthehyperboliccurvethegear,matchesinthemarketinthesteamalsotohavespeciallyusesinitslubricatingoiltobecalledthehyperboliccurvegearoil.Thiskindofgearusesonthedrivingaxlemaingearbox.Onthepassengervehiclemaingearboxgenerallyusesthehyperboliccurvegear.Thisisbecausethehyperboliccurvegearcompareswiththespiralbevelgear,formerrevolutionnoisefew,worksteadier,turnsthetoothintensitytobehigher,moreoveralsohasthedrivegearspoolthreadtobeallowedtherelativedrivengeardisalignmentcharacteristic,thispointregardingthe，automobiletechnicalperformancecountformuch,engineertobeallowedinnottochangetheenginethepositionsizetobealloweddirectlytochangedrivingaxlethegroundclearance,alsoischangestheentirevehiclethegroundclearance.Someautomobilesproducethepassengervehicleandthemovementleisurevehicleontheidenticalframe,itschassisparametertransformationalsohasusedhyperboliccurvegearthischaracteristic.Becausehasthesemerits,atpresentautomobiledrivingaxlealreadytendedtousesthehyperboliccurvegear,infactrecentyearsimportedtheautomobilebasicallywasusesthehyperboliccurvegear,thedomesticallyproducedautomobilealsohasmanyvehicletypestousethehyperboliccurvegear,andalreadymoreandmoremanyincenter,ontheheavyfreightvehicleobtaineduses.whenthehyperboliccurvegearworked,betweenthetoothfacecanhaveinabigwayrelativelyskids,alsothetoothfacepressurewasverybig,thetoothfacelubricantfilmiseasilydestroyed.Inordertoreducethefriction,enhancestheefficiency,musthavetouseincludesguardsagainstblowsthewoundchemicaladditivespecial-purposehyperboliccurvegearoil,cannotuseothergearoiltoreplace,otherwisewillcausethetoothfacerapidattritionandtheabrasion,seriouslywillaffecttheautomobiletherunningstatus.44汽車的差速器汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)離合器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸，最后傳送到驅(qū)動(dòng)橋再左右分配給半軸驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪，在這條動(dòng)力傳送途徑上，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是最后一個(gè)總成，它的主要部件是減速器和差速器。減速器的作用就是減速增矩，這個(gè)功能完全靠齒輪與齒輪之間的嚙合完成，比較容易理解。而差速器就比較難理解，什么叫差速器，為什么要“差速”？汽車差速器是驅(qū)動(dòng)轎的主件。它的作用就是在向兩邊半軸傳遞動(dòng)力的同時(shí)，允許兩邊半軸以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，滿足兩邊車輪盡可能以純滾動(dòng)的形式作不等距行駛，減少輪胎與地面的摩擦。汽車在拐彎時(shí)車輪的軌線是圓弧，如果汽車向左轉(zhuǎn)彎，圓弧的中心點(diǎn)在左側(cè)，在相同的時(shí)間里，右側(cè)輪子走的弧線比左側(cè)輪子長(zhǎng)，為了平衡這個(gè)差異，就要左邊輪子慢一點(diǎn)，右邊輪子快一點(diǎn)，用不同的轉(zhuǎn)速來(lái)彌補(bǔ)距離的差異。如果后輪軸做成一個(gè)整體，就無(wú)法做到兩側(cè)輪子的轉(zhuǎn)速差異，也就是做不到自動(dòng)調(diào)整。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，早在一百年前，法國(guó)雷諾汽車公司的創(chuàng)始人路易斯.雷諾就設(shè)計(jì)出了差速器這個(gè)玩意。普通差速器由行星齒輪、行星輪架（差速器殼）、半軸齒輪等零件組成。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)傳動(dòng)軸進(jìn)入差速器，直接驅(qū)動(dòng)行星輪架，再由行星輪帶動(dòng)左、右兩條半軸，分別驅(qū)動(dòng)左、右車輪。差速器的設(shè)計(jì)要求滿足：（左半軸轉(zhuǎn)速）+（右半軸轉(zhuǎn)速）=2（行星輪架轉(zhuǎn)速）。當(dāng)汽車直行時(shí)，左、右車輪與行星輪架三者的轉(zhuǎn)速相等處于平衡狀態(tài)，而在汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)三者平衡狀態(tài)被破壞，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速減小，外側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速增加。這種調(diào)