高二英語選修七unit4語法--導學案

1、波峰中學高二英語 課前雙基預習案（A）姓名 班級 組別 編制 辛成霞 時間 編號 05 審批 選修七 Unit 4 Grammar 【學習目標】學生可以熟練掌握限制性定語從句的用法和構(gòu)成，并能在文章中理解其含義?！局攸c難點】復習限制性定語從句的用法，能夠正確使用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。會分析定語從句的構(gòu)成，了解先行詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞等概念?！就瓿赡繕恕恳?、概念1) 定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面，但as引導的修飾全句的定語從句可以放在句首。2) 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。3) 關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)

2、系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：(1) 引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于一個連詞；(2) 必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）; 常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 、but1. that多指物，有時也指人。在從句中作主語或賓語，有時作表語，作賓語時常省略。2. which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常省略。3. who指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。4. whom指人， 在從句中作賓語， 在口語及非正式文體中常省略。5. whose可指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語。6. as指人或物，在從句中作主語或賓

3、語。 當先行詞被the same，as，such等修飾時，多用as引導。7. but文語, 置于否定詞之后=that/whonot, 沒有不, 在從句中作主語，賓語。二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句 1) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作賓語）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about

4、to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作賓語) 2) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在從句中作賓語）3) whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is

5、 green.4) 關(guān)系代詞that和which(1) 不用that的情況：a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介詞后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.(2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。All that

6、 is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.c) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。The first English book that I read was The Prince and the

7、 Pauper by Mark Twin.d) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.e) 當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復。Who is the person that is standing at the gate.f) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語He is not the man that he used to be.(3) 用which不用that的情況a) which可以引導非限制性定語從句，that不能。(非限制性定語從句將在M1U3復習)He

8、had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry b) which可以用在介詞后，that不可。That is the house in which Mark Twain used to live c) 一個句子中若有兩個定語從句，一個用that引導。另一個不能再用that，而用which。He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill the tim

9、e 5) who、whom及whosewho、whom、whose作為關(guān)系代詞既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，其先行詞主要指人，其中whose也可指物。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時用who，作賓語或表語時用whom或who，表示所屬關(guān)系時用whose。(1) whose的用法whose表示所屬關(guān)系，與名詞連用，可指人或物。“whose名詞”在從句中可作主語、動詞賓語或介詞賓語。a) When I looked through the window, I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.(whose beauty作主語

10、，whose指人a girl)b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time.(whose importance 作動詞realize的賓語，whose指物a meeting)c) Atlas (in Greek mythology) was a kneeling man on whose shoulders the world rested.(whose shoulders作介詞on 的賓語)(2) 多用who 的情況a) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語A friend who helps you in time

11、of need is a real friend.b) 先行詞為those, people 時Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.c) 先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.d) 在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.e) 在被分隔的定語從句中A new teacher wi

12、ll come tomorrow who will teach you German.f) 在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that, 但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關(guān)系代詞。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.(3) who和

13、whom的區(qū)別：a) 不能用whom在從句中作主語，只能作賓語或表語。而who作主語、賓語、表語均可。例如：a) The girl who we supposed was drowned came back. b) The girl who/whom we supposed drowned came back.b) whom在作動詞或介詞賓語時，特別是在口語中，一般省去，或用who、that代替。而在以介詞結(jié)尾的定語從句中最好不用whom。例如：I think you should stay faithful to the person whom youre married to. ()上面一

14、句一般被認為是不正確的，宜改為：I think you should stay faithful to the person who/that youre married to. (口語中)I think you should stay faithful to the person youre married to.I think you should stay faithful to the person to whom youre married. (正式文體中)c) 在非限制性定語從句中，最好whom用作賓語，且不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved dearly

15、, died in 1818.6) 關(guān)系代詞who，whom和which的選用 在某些特定的情況下，要使用who，whom或which，一般不使用that。 非限制性定語從句中不用that，指人時用who或whom，指物時用which。 Mr Wang，who Was my former teacher, retired last year (此句中的who不能用that) This is the book，which he bought yesterday.介詞后用whom指人，用which指物，不用that。D0 you know the boy to whom I spoke just

16、now?This is the factory in which he works如果有兩個定語從句，其中前一句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,后一句宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which Was newly open to us波峰中學高二英語課后能力練(B) 練習鞏固一、用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.2. I will never forget the days _

17、I spent with your family.3. Ill never forget the last day _ we spent together.4. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?5. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _is famous for the West Lake?6. Who _ knows him wants to make friends with him?7. What else was there in my brother _ you didnt li

18、ke?8. He lives in the room _ window faces to the south.9. This is Mr. John for _ son I brought a book yesterday.10. This is Mr. John for _ I bought a book yesterday.二、根據(jù)提示完成句子1. Last night, John was answering the letters that _ (寄給他的) during the past two weeks. (arrive) 2. Learning strategies, to _

19、(老師們認為) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach) 3. My mother was so proud of all _ (我所做的) that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) 4. I can never forget _ (我們一起度過的日子). (spend)5. Steven Spielberg, _ (他的媽媽是老師), was born in 1946 in a small town in America. (be)6.

20、It was the first time _ (我參觀) the Great Wall of China. (visit)7. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, _ (其后果十分嚴重). (effects)8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, _ (一定有) three meters deep. (be)三、單項填空1. (2011全國卷I) The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the mo

21、st imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2. (2011上海卷) Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as3. (2011山東卷）The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that4

22、. (2011福建卷）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who5. (2010湖南)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which6. (2010山東)Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What7. (2010陜西)The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B.