高考英語閱讀理解--精華

1、高考英語閱讀理解專題講座一 高考閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)1 文章體裁豐富，一定要有記敘文，說明文和應(yīng)用文，題材多樣，會(huì)涉及到奇文軼事、家庭趣事、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、自然現(xiàn)象、科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)、健康與疾病，游記廣告等等；2 總閱讀量在2000字左右，文字難度保持穩(wěn)定，但要求同學(xué)具有分析長難句子的能力；3 文章都是沒有改編的原汁原味的原文，體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代英語的特點(diǎn)，加大了內(nèi)容的復(fù)雜程度，反映了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)及現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的新發(fā)展新變化，要求考生具備一定的科學(xué)文化知識(shí)和英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以 及文化背景知識(shí)。二 考試說明中規(guī)定閱讀理解主要考查的能力 理解文章主題含義的能力2 理解文章具體信息的能力3 根據(jù)上下文推測詞義的能力4 對文章內(nèi)容

2、進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力5理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度的能力6 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)三 常用解題方法（三遍閱讀法）第一遍：瀏覽全文，把握文章大意第二遍：掃讀語塊，搜索有效信息第三遍：查讀題項(xiàng)，定位正確答案四 閱讀理解題目設(shè)置類型1 淺層理解 細(xì)節(jié)題 2 深層理解 中心思想 細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)述題 最佳標(biāo)題 數(shù)字題 作者意圖 圖表題 推斷題 排序題 劃線句子和段落在文章中的作用五 閱讀理解的主要題型1 主旨大意（一）這種題型常見的提問方式：(1) The best title/headline for this passage is _.(2) The passage (or the first paragraph) is

3、 mainly about _.(3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?(4) Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(5) The passage chiefly discusses/deals with _.(6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(7) What topic is treated in th

4、e passage?(8) The passage makes clear that _.(9) Which of the following best sum up the passage?（二）怎樣挖掘文章主旨1、依照中心詞確定主題。2、抓住主題句來確定主題（1）識(shí)別主題句與細(xì)節(jié) raises some farm animals. has 30 cows, about 300 hens and he keeps some pigs as well.(2)主題句的定位（分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)）開門見山，點(diǎn)出主題（主題句出現(xiàn)在開頭）詳細(xì)論證，總結(jié)陳詞（主題句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾）引題過渡，引出主題（主題句出現(xiàn)在中

5、間）（三）怎樣捕捉標(biāo)題 文章的標(biāo)題是段落中心思想的簡練的表達(dá)形式。它的特點(diǎn)是：短小精練，多為短語；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太小；精確性強(qiáng)，不能隨便改變語言表意的程度和色彩。那么如何迅速地捕捉標(biāo)題呢？首先要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮這句話或者短語與文章主題是否有著密切的關(guān)系；其次要看它對文章的概括性或者覆蓋面如何；然后還要看標(biāo)題是否過大或者過小。（四）技巧及注意事項(xiàng)（1）無論它出現(xiàn)在題目當(dāng)中哪個(gè)位置，都建議作為最后一道題去做，因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}目以后會(huì)對主旨的理解有幫助。（2）主旨在文章中間時(shí)，遇到文章前后段意思轉(zhuǎn)折，要提高警惕。（3）首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，

6、對該問題的解答就是文章主旨。（4）正確選項(xiàng)不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息，不含過分肯定和絕對意義的詞，覆蓋面不能過大也不能過小。 細(xì)節(jié)理解（一）這種題型常見的提問方式：(1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage?(2) Which of the following (sentences /statements) is NOT true?(3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _.(4) Choose the righ

7、t order of the events given in the passage.(5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of?(6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is like?(二)常見的細(xì)節(jié)理解題型及解題方法：1）排序題。方法：“首尾定位法”（找出第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，縮小選擇范圍）2）圖形辨認(rèn)題方法：“按文索圖法”（找出描繪圖形的句段，進(jìn)行文圖對照）3）數(shù)字換算題方法：“列表推算法”（找出與題干相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)列表或推算

8、）4）表格理解題方法：“文表分析法”（把題干、選項(xiàng)與表格對照分析）5）應(yīng)用廣告類事實(shí)信息題方法：“題干定位法”（直接閱讀題干，在文中找答案，不必閱讀全文）（三）技巧及注意事項(xiàng)（1）命題者往往通過改變或去掉特定的修飾語（all, every, always, never, completely, altogether等），使信息范圍，程度,色彩發(fā)生細(xì)微變化，從而導(dǎo)致考生誤選。（擴(kuò)縮范圍干擾法）（2）注意順藤摸瓜，在文章中找到句子，通常不可能與閱讀材料完全一樣，而是換用不同的表達(dá)方式。(詞義轉(zhuǎn)換+語義轉(zhuǎn)換)3推理判斷（一）這種題型常見的提問方式：(1) We can know from the p

9、assage that _.(2) We can infer from the (first/last) passage that _.(3) The passage implies that _.(4) The passage suggests that _.(5) It can be concluded from the passage that _.(6) The underlined sentence indicates that _.(7) From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _.（二）怎樣做出推理判斷此題型是閱讀理解中較

10、難的題型，屬于深層次理解題。在試卷中數(shù)量不斷增多，有時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到閱讀理解試題的一半左右。它要求考生根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，充分挖掘文章的深層次內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)要注意：在解答推理性問題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題是針對某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。 針對細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。 針對主題思想作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證(opinion and fact)、原因與結(jié)果(cause and effect)、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)(main idea and

11、supporting idea)。（三）技巧及注意事項(xiàng)(1)正確選項(xiàng)并非對原文的簡單復(fù)述，而是作者在文章中沒有提到的，沒有明說的，或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)，勿把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理。(2)注意文章中含義深刻或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，考生對作者表達(dá)的意思能不能一下子看懂，也是命題點(diǎn)所在。4作者意圖（態(tài)度）（一）這種題型常見的提問方式：(1) The author seems to be in favor of / against _.(2) The authors purpose of writing this passage is _.(3) The author may probably agree wi

12、th/ support _.(4) Whats the authors attitude /viewpoint towards _?(5) How does the author feel about _?(6) The author implies that _. The author gives the impression that _.(8) In the authors opinion, _.(9) The tone of the author may be _. (二) 怎樣揣摩作者的意圖或態(tài)度要吃透文章，就要搜索文章的關(guān)鍵字眼和關(guān)鍵句子，要熟悉各種文體，尤其要把握作者的語氣，是嚴(yán)

13、肅或輕松，幽默或諷刺，平和或激動(dòng)，樂觀或悲觀等等。此外，還要注意文章中一些細(xì)節(jié)性的用詞，如however, even though, but 等連接詞往往和作者的態(tài)度有關(guān)。一種方法是靠詞匯的色彩來判斷。表示褒義的有：樂觀的optimistic；贊美的praising;自信的confident;贊成的favorable;積極的positive;認(rèn)真的serious;負(fù)責(zé)的 responsible, dutiful,令人信服的 convincing。表示貶義的有：諷刺的ironic;厭惡的disgusted;否定的/反對的negative;懷疑的suspicious;沮喪的depressed;痛苦

14、的bitter;悲觀的pessimistic；不負(fù)責(zé)的irresponsible；無法預(yù)料的unforeseeable。表示中性的：中立的neutral；冷淡的 indifferent；主觀的subjective;客觀的objective;不動(dòng)感情的impassive 另一種方法是靠文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來判斷，如果一篇文章的結(jié)尾部分是并列的疑問，則作者是一種客觀的態(tài)度，如果結(jié)尾部分是有問有答的形式，則作者的態(tài)度是主觀的態(tài)度。如果一篇文章的結(jié)尾部分使用數(shù)據(jù)表明了一個(gè)趨勢向不好的方面發(fā)展，則作者是悲觀的態(tài)度。反之，作者是樂觀的態(tài)度。（三）技巧及注意事項(xiàng)（1）不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中,也要區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和

15、作者引用別人的態(tài)度(2)當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷.5 猜測詞義（一）這種題型常見的提問方式：(1) The word “”in the passage means_.(2) The word “” could be best replaced by _.(3) Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _.(4) The word “” probably refers to _.(5) According to the passage, the word “” is known as

16、_.（二）技巧及注意事項(xiàng)（1）切記：無論這個(gè)詞多超綱，根據(jù)上下文都能得出其意思；無論這個(gè)詞多熟悉，都要通過上下文得出其在特定場合的意思。（2）正確選項(xiàng)通常不是熟詞的常規(guī)含義 （三）解題常用方法針對性的解釋 針對性解釋是作者為了更好的表達(dá)思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或高深的詞匯等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體，所使用的語言通俗易懂，利用它們來猜測詞義就非常簡單。1.根據(jù)定義（definition）猜測詞義如果生詞有一個(gè)句子（定語從句或是同位語或是同位語從句）或段落來定義,或使用破折號(hào)，冒號(hào)，分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容和引號(hào)括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容加以解釋和定義，那么理解這個(gè)句子或段落本身就是

17、推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語動(dòng)詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。例 you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own.（2005年湖北卷）分析由定義可推知，這里territory指的是：“動(dòng)物的地盤”。例2. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has

18、developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）According to the passage ,The Pines is a .Aplace in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Ba

19、nff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food分析通過whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，我們可以推測到：The Pines 是一家餐館的名字，由此不難推出理解題的答案為：D。2.根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義。恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。例3. The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discovers are not confined to a small geographical area as t

20、hey were in the past.分析根據(jù)such as 后面列舉的一系列例子，我們應(yīng)該能推斷出句中的epochal是指“重大的”。 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系1.根據(jù)對比、比較關(guān)系猜測詞義表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while 引導(dǎo)的并列句。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。例 childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;

21、 it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? （2002年NMET） party designed by specislists plan requiring careful thought situation causing difficulty or trouble demand made by guests分析根據(jù)對比關(guān)系，這里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意義，很容易判斷理解題的答案為C。例 loves to talk, and his bro

22、thers are similarly loquacious.該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk和loquacious 之間的比較關(guān)系，其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是“健談的”。2.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義例 that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”（2005年上海卷）The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in mean

23、ing to “ ” .Afull of respect confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet分析根據(jù)since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容（“既然你是我的上司”），我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告訴你怎么做會(huì)是一種放肆/冒失的行為。對應(yīng)的理解題答案為：B。3.根據(jù)說明、并列、同義近義、反義等關(guān)系猜測詞義例 Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and

24、ill together.” （2005年江蘇卷）The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .Asimple BmixedCsad Dhappy分析句中g(shù)ood and ill together 更具體地說明了a mingled yarn的意義，據(jù)此我們不難推測mingled的意思是：“混合的，交織的”。例 women in China -educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-work to earn an i

25、ncome in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.分析后面的urban and rural, the young and old之間都有反義關(guān)系，運(yùn)用這個(gè)關(guān)系可以推斷illiterated為“未接受過教育的，即文盲” 構(gòu)詞法 在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識(shí)，從生詞本身猜測詞義。中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-（超），inter-（在之間），mini-（極），micro-（極微小的），re-（再，反復(fù)），sub-（底下），co-（共同），post-（后），pre-（前），tra

26、ns-（轉(zhuǎn)換），mis-（誤），un/in/im/dis/ir/il/non-（不，非），anti-（反，防），-able（能的），-hood（狀態(tài)，時(shí)期），-ish（如的，有點(diǎn)兒），-proof（防的），-some（易于），-wards（向），-less（不，無）1.根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義例 you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools? （2005年江西卷）根據(jù)詞根educational （教育的），結(jié)合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。2

27、.根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義例10. Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in anuncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point（2005年廣東卷）后綴 -ise/ize意思是“使成為；使化”，結(jié)合詞根commercial（商業(yè)的），不難猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商業(yè)化的”。3.根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測詞義例 tool design is important in the prevention of

28、overuse injuries. Welldesigned tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（別扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）Well-designed 或許是個(gè)生詞，但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推測出其含義。它由well （好，優(yōu)秀）和design （設(shè)計(jì)）兩部分組成，合在一起便是“設(shè)計(jì)精巧的”意思。4.猜測詞性變換新詞含義例 other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home.

29、（2004年山東卷）head本為名詞，表頭。由the bus和home的語境邏輯可以推斷，該句head為動(dòng)詞，表方向，結(jié)合全句可譯為“開往、駛向”。例 had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全國卷）cloud本為名詞，表云。分析語境邏輯可知，憂慮會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的判斷，因此該句clouded應(yīng)譯為使難以。 生活常識(shí) 運(yùn)用自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)，根據(jù)上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。下面文字中劃線單詞的詞義你能猜出來嗎？例 fly with their wings, and

30、they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.句子的已知部分和我們的常識(shí)告訴我們：beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。六 閱讀理解中長難句的理解（1）找準(zhǔn)主干，關(guān)鍵是主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，方法是先將句子的修飾成分（名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句和非謂語動(dòng)詞）去掉，露出主句的真面貌，然后再分析修飾部分和主句的關(guān)系。另外在一個(gè)長句中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)若干個(gè)從句，如果把整個(gè)的長句從頭到尾

31、理解透，勢必很難。如果把各個(gè)從句剔出來單獨(dú)理解，再把大意拼湊起來，構(gòu)成整個(gè)長句的意思，就可降低長句的理解難度。（2）理清邏輯和思路。一些長句其實(shí)就是一個(gè)由主句和若干個(gè)從句組成的一個(gè)多層次的主從復(fù)合句，因而一定要搞清主句和從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。只要把邏輯關(guān)系搞清楚了，把主句的意思和從句的意思按邏輯意義進(jìn)行理解，則長難句就好對付了。 平時(shí)要注意積累表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的連詞和短語， 常見的有， 表目的： so that, for the purpose that, in order that 等；表結(jié)果：sothat, suchthat, that, as a result, therefore, th

32、us等；表?xiàng)l件：if, on condition that, unless等；表原因：because, since, as等。（3）把握關(guān)鍵詞。如果對一個(gè)長難句子一點(diǎn)感覺也沒有,下下之策就是別把長、難句當(dāng)句子看，只要能大體理解句中的關(guān)鍵詞，也可以大體猜出了這個(gè)句子的意思。例（1）Finally,although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates r

33、eport that they dont regret their choice of study.(NMET 2004) The woman at the desk gave him a bright smileas he entered and, after Peter had explained what sort of room he was looking for, he paid two pounds for a list of about half a dozen landladieswho had rooms to let. (NMET 2004)譯文：(1)最終盡管有些主修社

34、會(huì)科學(xué)的學(xué)生在找第一份工作時(shí)比學(xué)工科的同學(xué)要困難些，但是一些剛剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)的社會(huì)學(xué)生并不后悔他們的專業(yè)選擇。(2)當(dāng)Peter進(jìn)來時(shí)，坐在桌邊的女士向他爽朗地笑了笑。在Peter告訴她他在找什么房子后，她讓Peter交了兩磅買了一份大約有六個(gè)要出租房子的女房東的名單。以下是對2008年各省、市高考英語閱讀理解中的一些有代表性的長難句的解析。 response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids in are now 300，000 members

35、 of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 山東卷D篇)簡析：第一句中夾雜有一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句，又有復(fù)雜主語。主語的中心語為The response，其后的to her request for help為后置定語，第二句是由and并列的兩個(gè)簡單句，其中第二句中承前省略了主語kids FACE。譯文：人們對她請求幫助的反應(yīng)如此強(qiáng)烈以至于波建立了一個(gè)為了更潔凈環(huán)境的孩子的組織。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)組織在全世界有300，000名成員，并且它是世界上最大的青少年環(huán)保組織。實(shí)

36、例： is_. program to help students with writing project of litter recycling campaign launched by President Bush club of environmental protection of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同齡人) group.(NMET 2008 遼寧卷C篇)簡析：夾雜定語從句和形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文：對他來說，不關(guān)心自己的學(xué)習(xí)是一種酷的標(biāo)志的原因之一是受到他的

37、同齡人的影響。實(shí)例： did Tom give up studying? disliked his teachers. parents no longer supported him.s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies. were too many subjects in his secondary school. endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.

38、 Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重慶卷E篇)簡析：句子中夾雜著固定短語，v-ing式作主語，復(fù)雜主語，v-ing式作結(jié)果狀語以及定語從句。譯文：無窮盡的選擇給人們的生活帶來了無盡的煩惱。買像咖啡

39、壺這樣最基本的東西也不是那么簡單了。對許多人而言，面對觸手可及的一系列的日常用品卻感到眼花瞭亂、不知所措，結(jié)果是購物者只好放棄選擇、匆匆而去，或者僅僅買了一件并非真正需要的不合適的商品。實(shí)例： do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety? find it hard to decide on a suitable product. are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion. may find themselves lost in the broad range of

40、items. and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice. may think that eating lunch is the cause of the ，in summer，they may think it is the ，the real reason lies inside their that time about eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature goes is what makes you slow down and feel s

41、leepy.(NMET 2008 四川卷C篇)簡析：句中夾雜兩個(gè)賓語從句，一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句和一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的表語從句。譯文：他們可能認(rèn)為吃午飯是他們困乏的原因?；蛘咴谙奶?，他們可能認(rèn)為是炎熱的緣故。然而，真正的原因在于他們身體的內(nèi)部。在那時(shí)，也就是說，在你醒來大約八個(gè)小時(shí)之后，你的體溫開始呈下降的趨勢。這就是使你行動(dòng)遲緩并且感到困乏的原因。實(shí)例： do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text? eat too much for lunch. sleep too little at night. body

42、temperature becomes lower. weather becomes a lot warmer. brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech may all go back to our ancestors(祖先)，among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed

43、spatial skills to hunt，according to one research.(NMET 2008陜西卷E篇)簡析：第一句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，在其中又有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，還有一介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(among whom)引導(dǎo)的定語從句。注意more women之后省去了與前半句中相同的take up jobs that require .。譯文：大腦這些差異也解釋了這樣的事實(shí)：更多的男性從事空間技能的工作，而更多的女性則從事需要語言技能的工作。這種現(xiàn)象也可以追溯到我們的祖先時(shí)代，據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究表明，在他們當(dāng)中，女性做的是照看孩子這樣的需要語言技能的工作，

44、男性做的是像狩獵這樣的需要空間技能的工作。 實(shí)例： of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph? boys may be stronger than young girls. women take up jobs requiring speech skills may have stronger feelings than men. ancestors needed more spatial skills. busier we are，the more important we seem to our

45、selves and，we imagine，to be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be unable to find time to relaxthis has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)簡析：句中有“The + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，還有復(fù)雜的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文：我們越忙，對我們自己而言，而且我們也以為在其他人看來，我們越重要。我們無空幫助朋友，找不到時(shí)間照顧家庭，找不到自己放松的時(shí)間，這已經(jīng)成為了成功生活的模式。實(shí)例： to Para

46、graph 4，a successful person is one who is believed to _ . able to work without stress more talented than other people more important than anyone else busy working without time to rest researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account th

47、ose people most at risk for skin cancerpeople with fair skin and freckles(雀斑)，for exampleare more likely to use a result，it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.(NMET 2008福建卷E篇)簡析：第一句的主體結(jié)構(gòu)為：The research said that .is that they failed to .，其中第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，賓語從句中又含有一個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其中主語為that t

48、hey often .的一個(gè)主語從句，表語為among the problems with .。破折號(hào)間內(nèi)容為插入語。譯文：研究員們說，早期研究帶來的問題之一是他們沒有考慮到那些最有可能患皮膚癌人，比如皮膚白皙和有雀斑的人。可是皮膚白皙的和有雀斑的人最有可能使用防曬劑，結(jié)果是好像防曬劑的使用者患皮膚癌更常見。實(shí)例： with fair skin and freckles_. use sunscreen more in danger of skin cancer be free from the harm of the sun expose themselves to the sun七 常用的解

49、題技巧有以下幾種： 1、直接解題法，即讀完文章后根據(jù)自己的理解找出問題的的答案。2、排除法，這也是解答閱讀理解題的常用方法，對于那些不合情理或荒謬的選項(xiàng)、與短文內(nèi)容相反的選項(xiàng)、與短文內(nèi)容不相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)、雖在短文中出現(xiàn)但答非所問的選項(xiàng)，以及不是問題的主要因素的選項(xiàng)等，都可以采用排除法。3、信息查讀法，即根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文中進(jìn)行相關(guān)信息的查尋與確認(rèn)，再與題干中所提供的信息進(jìn)行比對，得出答案。4、推理演繹法，即根據(jù)所讀材料通過語篇的邏輯關(guān)系以及各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的信息和暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意，悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。此時(shí)切忌就事論事、以偏概全，也不能主觀臆想、隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀

50、點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。5、利用構(gòu)詞法，結(jié)合語境，對于詞意猜測題進(jìn)行理解和判斷。6、利用首尾法，在解決文章主旨大意題時(shí)，往往要注意文章的首、末段的首、末句。這些句子往往是文章或段落大意的所在。當(dāng)然，有的文章或段落的大意需要進(jìn)行綜合的推斷方能得出。八 沖刺復(fù)習(xí)階段閱讀理解題備考建議1 養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，擴(kuò)大眼幅，不要點(diǎn)讀，減少回讀，默讀時(shí)不出聲音，不要有伴隨動(dòng)作。2 加強(qiáng)練習(xí)限時(shí)閱讀，提高閱讀速度。力爭35分鐘完成5篇文章。3重視閱讀技巧的培養(yǎng)，練習(xí)如何推理，分析，概括，如何答題，最好以高考試題為答題樣本，對?？嫉膯栴}做適當(dāng)歸納。4強(qiáng)化閱讀基本功，注意平時(shí)閱讀訓(xùn)練當(dāng)中的詞匯量的積累，適當(dāng)練習(xí)長句分析

51、，以便更好地理解文章句子。 5 培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀心理素質(zhì)，在考場上心情平和，充滿信心，積極主動(dòng)地與作者溝通，創(chuàng)造性的去理解文章內(nèi)容；思想高度集中，盡量保持新聞?dòng)浾叩乃俣群屠斫獾臏?zhǔn)確性。九 講座配套專項(xiàng)練習(xí)卷高考英語閱讀理解專題講座專練卷主旨大意題例1 【2008 江西卷閱讀A篇】When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorns horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could

52、be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorns horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than

53、 ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino(犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.58. The last paragraph is mainly about _.A. the

54、 properties of the unicorn horn B. the users of the unicorn hornC. the price of the unicorn horn D. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn例2 【2008 福建卷閱讀E篇】A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increase the risk

55、. from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (發(fā)生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.But questions has been raised about sunscreen and whether it may has opposite effect, perhaps by