專升本英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí)閱讀理解（二）

1、閱讀理解（2）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng).A Here are some of the worlds most impressive subways. The Tokyo Metro and Toei LinesFeatures: The Tokyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyos massive subway system carry almost 8 million people each day, making it the busiest system in the world. The sys

2、tem is famous for its oshiya- literally, “pusher”- who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close. And you think your commute is hell. The Moscow Metro Features: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world. The best of them were built during the Stalin

3、ist era and feature chandeliers(枝形吊燈), marble moldings and elaborate murals(精美的壁畫). With more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden.The Hong Kong Metro Features: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems in the world that

4、 actually turns a profit. Its privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership. It also introduced “Octopus cards” that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically, but buy stuff at convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants and even p

5、arking meters. Its estimated that 95 % of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card .Shanghai Metro Features: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system, and it has become the countrys largest in the 12 years since it opened. Shanghai Metro has 142 miles of track and plans to add

6、another 180 miles within five years. By that point, it would be three times larger than Chicago “L”. The system carries about 2.18 million people a day. The London MetroFeatures: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even though 55 percent of it lies above ground. No matter when youve got the

7、 oldest mass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you like. Trains started in1863 and theyve been running ever since. Some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to “Mind the gap”. 1. Which one can provide the riders some wonderful decorations at the stations?

8、 A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines B. The Moscow MetroC. The London Metro D. The Hong Kong MTR2. _ is done with the purpose of making money. A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines B. The Moscow MetroC. The London Metro D. The Hong Kong MTR3. We can learn from the passage that Shanghai Metro _.A. carries

9、the most people each day B. is the worlds largest C. may be larger than the Chicago “L” in the futureD. is the busiest in the world4. How many subways carry more than 5 million people per day? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5B Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the

10、study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that dont break

11、 down or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of historynormally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are

12、different.In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soupwalk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappea

13、r forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possiblybuy it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Rom

14、an invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe scientists who examined him were able to look inside the mans stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very water

15、y environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the mans skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more ab

16、out the person that they called “Lindow Man”. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadnt done heavy manual work in this lifehe could have been a rich man. They found that he hadnt died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.5. Which language doe

17、s the word “archaeology” come from? A. French. B. Greek C. Roman. D. German。6. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to _. A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects7. Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man”? A. Ice and low temperature B. Bacteria and oxygen C. Soil an

18、d energy D. Acid and water 8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. “Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him. B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence. C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the

19、south of England. D. “Lindow Man” was good at manual work.9. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What Is Archaeology? B. Archaeology and History C. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery D. The Death of “Lindow Man”CWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman

20、 who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the applicatio

21、n of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop.The second is the application of the special methods of thought and actionthat scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful

22、scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, andlooks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover,he thinks he can improve the existing conditions a

23、nd enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves. He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective(客觀的) and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple

24、 lines that appear in a spectrum(光譜). He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively. Furthermore,he does not readily accept

25、 his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation. Lastly,he is full of imaginationsince he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.

26、 Furthermore,he needs imaginationif he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place. These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.10. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_ A. knowledge only.B. more than

27、 one aspect.C. technology only. D. the use of machines. 11. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?A. He doesnt find confidence and pleasure in work.B. He is interested in problems that are explained.C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.D. He looks fo

28、r new ways of acting.12. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_.A. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others research work. C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation. 13. Which word can be used to describe the data that

29、 a good scientist uses?A. complete B. objective C. complicated D. accurate14. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Application of technology. B. Progress in modem society. C. Scientists ways of thinking and acting. D. How to become a successful scientist. DMost of us spend our lives seeking the

30、natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular free time activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when jog

31、gers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (喪失). I sp

32、ent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth

33、is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD (多動(dòng)癥). Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A st

34、udy in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, the entire school would do b

35、etter in studies.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等級) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy pla

36、y, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃強(qiáng)凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School, with its

37、hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children

38、themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather

39、than on green places.The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In

40、 wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protecti

41、on of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to think human beings are doing natu

42、re some kind of favour when we are protecting nature. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging.Human beings are a species of animals. For seven million years we lived on the p

43、lanet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild

44、world. It is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human.15. What is the authors firm belief?A. People seek nature in different ways.B. People should spend most of their lives in the wild.C. People have quite different ideas of

45、 nature.D. People must make more efforts to study nature.16. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?A. Personal freedom.B. Things that are natural.C. Urban surroundings.D. Things that are purchased.17. What does a study in Sweden show?A. The natural environment can help c

46、hildren learn better.B. More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.C. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.D. Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.18. Children who have chances to explore natural areas _.A. tend to develop a strong love f

47、or scienceB. are more likely to dream about wildlifeC. tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodD. are less likely to be involved in bullying19. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?A. Find more effective drugs for them.B. Provide more green spaces for them.C. Place them under more personal care.D.Engage them in more meaningful activities.20. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?A. They loo