B2U5課文翻譯及課后練習(xí)答案 (1)

1、.Unit 1 DreamsIn-Class Reading Are You A Dreamer?你做夢(mèng)嗎？1 夢(mèng)，我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)做夢(mèng)？夢(mèng)有意義嗎？真的有夢(mèng)中所見(jiàn)之事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)這種事嗎？幾千年來(lái)人們對(duì)這些問(wèn)題一直很感興趣。過(guò)去幾十年的科學(xué)發(fā)展使我們對(duì)睡眠的自然過(guò)程有了更多的認(rèn)識(shí)，然而對(duì)于與夢(mèng)有關(guān)的諸多問(wèn)題依然沒(méi)有最終答案，這些問(wèn)題還在繼續(xù)困惑著我們。2 人人都做夢(mèng)只不過(guò)有些人不記得做過(guò)夢(mèng)罷了。人類(lèi)腦電波的記錄顯示我們所有人入睡后就進(jìn)入做夢(mèng)狀態(tài)。夜晚的大部分時(shí)間我們都在做夢(mèng)，但只有當(dāng)我們處在REM（眼球迅速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）睡眠階段時(shí)醒來(lái)才會(huì)記住所做的夢(mèng)。眼球迅速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)階段便是我們做夢(mèng)的時(shí)候。每晚我們有四個(gè)或五個(gè)

2、REM睡眠階段，第一次出現(xiàn)在入睡后的90分鐘左右。此后，夢(mèng)期每90分鐘復(fù)現(xiàn)一次，每次持續(xù)15到45分鐘，持續(xù)時(shí)間隨著夜晚的深入逐漸延長(zhǎng)。3 睡眠的主要目的（除讓我們休息外）也許就是讓我們做夢(mèng)讓我們以一種截然不同的方式回顧我們的生活、我們的憂慮和希望，以及在潛意識(shí)中觀察自我，把不再需要的資料從記憶中剔除。4 有些夢(mèng)可能是由簡(jiǎn)單的生理原因引起的。例如，夢(mèng)到在灼熱的煤塊上行走很可能是由睡眠時(shí)腳太靠近取暖器引起的。而夢(mèng)到想跑但兩腿卻動(dòng)彈不了這種令人沮喪的境況，也許是被子裹得太緊的緣故。鬧鈴響了而依然熟睡的人則很可能會(huì)夢(mèng)到門(mén)鈴或電話鈴響。所有這些都是潛意識(shí)和意識(shí)共同引導(dǎo)和啟示我們的簡(jiǎn)單例子。5 不過(guò)這些

3、從生理角度進(jìn)行的解釋尚不足以說(shuō)明為什么我們會(huì)做夢(mèng)。有些人認(rèn)為夢(mèng)純粹是無(wú)稽之談，僅僅是人腦中電脈沖無(wú)的放矢的結(jié)果，然而，有些人則認(rèn)為即便是最簡(jiǎn)單的夢(mèng)也具有重要的含義。6 有些夢(mèng)反映的內(nèi)心憂慮是立即可以識(shí)別的。夢(mèng)見(jiàn)失去工作或者沒(méi)了房子，也許是反映了真實(shí)的憂慮，即便這些憂慮只是潛意識(shí)的。我們大多數(shù)人都?jí)粢?jiàn)過(guò)必須參加一門(mén)很難的課程的期末考試，也許是一門(mén)從未修過(guò)的課，也許是一門(mén)學(xué)得很糟糕的課。7 但是，有一些夢(mèng)并沒(méi)有這樣明顯的含義，對(duì)它們?cè)撊绾谓馕瞿?？多少世紀(jì)以來(lái)，男男女女都從所謂的解夢(mèng)字典中尋找答案，這類(lèi)字典最早的有可能可以追溯到公元前5000年。根據(jù)這些字典，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)喝酒意味著短命，而夢(mèng)見(jiàn)喝水則預(yù)示著長(zhǎng)

4、壽。8 一直到公元200年，解夢(mèng)字典受歡迎的程度仍絲毫未減。當(dāng)時(shí)，古希臘的阿特米多魯斯寫(xiě)了一部長(zhǎng)達(dá)五卷的書(shū)，書(shū)中解析了3000多個(gè)夢(mèng)，列舉了一系列的夢(mèng)符，諸如右手（表示父親），左手（表示母親），以及海豚（表示好兆頭）。9 如今，圖書(shū)館和書(shū)店里有無(wú)數(shù)解析夢(mèng)的書(shū)籍。對(duì)于那些解夢(mèng)愛(ài)好者來(lái)說(shuō)，它們依然深受歡迎。然而，多數(shù)專(zhuān)家警告說(shuō)，讀這些書(shū)時(shí)要非常謹(jǐn)慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思桑德斯解釋說(shuō)：“夢(mèng)與每個(gè)人的心理密切相關(guān)，因此分析往往容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤和偏差。我認(rèn)為，只有當(dāng)你了解做某個(gè)夢(mèng)的人時(shí)，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)夢(mèng)的真正含義?！盇fter-Class Reading 成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的夢(mèng)1 1965 年11月7 日的晚上，瑪麗

5、都特瑞做了一個(gè)噩夢(mèng)。她忘不了那個(gè)夢(mèng)，她的丈夫喬治也忘不了。她是這么講述自己的夢(mèng)的：“我夢(mèng)見(jiàn)夜里自己在一座山上，電閃雷鳴，然后我看見(jiàn)天上一道亮光，一聲巨大的撞擊聲后，我聽(tīng)到四處都是尖叫聲。”2 瑪麗說(shuō)，她隨后看見(jiàn)地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但還是走上前去。然后她看見(jiàn)了一只胳膊，胳膊的那頭是些尸體碎塊。她說(shuō)在夢(mèng)里她尖叫起來(lái)：“快來(lái)人哪！”然后她看見(jiàn)一些人抬著一個(gè)大柳條筐，他們把尸體放進(jìn)筐里后就走了。3 瑪麗驚醒時(shí)還在叫喊著?！艾旣悾　眴讨胃┫律?，推推她?！霸趺戳耍俊彼麊?wèn)。4 瑪麗告訴他：“我剛才夢(mèng)見(jiàn)你飛機(jī)失事死了。噢，喬治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班?！? 瑪麗求他不要去，但是喬治不聽(tīng)她的

6、勸阻。然而，在開(kāi)車(chē)去機(jī)場(chǎng)的路上，喬治開(kāi)始感到有點(diǎn)不對(duì)頭。接著他看見(jiàn)一架飛機(jī)從頭頂飛過(guò)，心慌得怦怦直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飛機(jī)了。他給機(jī)場(chǎng)打電話，取消了機(jī)票。然后他給瑪麗打電話，接著乘火車(chē)去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383 次航班試圖在辛辛那提降落時(shí)遇上了暴風(fēng)雨，飛機(jī)撞上了一座山。瑪麗在電視上看到了有關(guān)的新聞報(bào)道，那情形就同她夢(mèng)見(jiàn)的一模一樣。她看見(jiàn)人們拿筐子運(yùn)走了尸體。但是她知道喬治沒(méi)事。因?yàn)橛辛怂莻€(gè)夢(mèng)的預(yù)兆，喬治才得以安然無(wú)恙。7 約翰布拉德利也做過(guò)類(lèi)似的夢(mèng)。他住在英格蘭，是一位教師。他還是一位博物學(xué)家，喜歡帶班上的學(xué)生進(jìn)行校外考察旅行，了解大自然。8 一天晚上，他做了一個(gè)夢(mèng)。這是在他

7、安排好的一次校外考察旅行之前一個(gè)星期發(fā)生的事。他夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己領(lǐng)著班上的學(xué)生走在一條鄉(xiāng)間的小路上，路邊就是教堂墓地。9 在夢(mèng)里，布拉德利讓兩個(gè)男孩帶隊(duì)穿過(guò)教堂墓地。他自己走在隊(duì)伍的末尾，以便讓小一些的孩子保持前進(jìn)。然而，就在他們穿過(guò)教堂墓地的時(shí)候，布拉德利感到地面在震動(dòng)，接著他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了巨大的斷裂聲。然后，有個(gè)黑乎乎的龐然大物朝他砸了過(guò)來(lái)。那是一棵巨大的榆樹(shù)，正好砸在這隊(duì)孩子們的頭頂上。10 這個(gè)夢(mèng)使布拉德利非常不安，他覺(jué)得應(yīng)該取消這次外出。他把這個(gè)夢(mèng)告訴了班上的學(xué)生，但是他們都覺(jué)得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消這次旅行。甚至其他老師也笑話他，跟他說(shuō)不應(yīng)該讓孩子們掃興。于是布拉德利同意出行?！暗悄銈儽仨毚?/p>

8、應(yīng)我，”他跟他們講，“往哪兒走你們只能聽(tīng)我的。”11 于是，他們出發(fā)了。當(dāng)他們走到那條小路時(shí)，布拉德利不讓孩子們繞道穿過(guò)教堂墓地。有些孩子覺(jué)得這樣做很蠢，不過(guò)他們還是按老師說(shuō)的做了。12 走到小路的盡頭，他們面前是一座跨河的橋。年紀(jì)大一些的男孩子停下來(lái)問(wèn)道：“老師，我們應(yīng)該走哪條道？過(guò)河呢，還是走沿河的小路？”13 布拉德利停住腳步。他對(duì)那條小路有一種古怪的感覺(jué)?！斑^(guò)橋，”他告訴他們。于是孩子們開(kāi)始過(guò)橋。接著，布拉德利聽(tīng)到了可怕的斷裂聲，同自己在夢(mèng)中聽(tīng)到的完全一樣。他回頭一看，只見(jiàn)就在那條小路邊上，一棵巨大的榆樹(shù)搖搖晃晃，倒在了地上。他的預(yù)感應(yīng)驗(yàn)了。孩子們面面相覷，然后看著自己的老師。如果剛才

9、他們走那條小路的話，那么此刻他們就正好在那棵榆樹(shù)倒下來(lái)的位置。課內(nèi)閱讀練習(xí)答案 Part One Preparation1. BrainstormingSampleSleepwalking, also known as somnambulism (夢(mèng)游癥), is a sleep disorder. Sleepwalkers arise from the slow-wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of

10、 full consciousness, such as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, cleaning, etc. which may involve no harm or danger. Those who work with dreams of these sorts take the position that a dream may have a variety of meanings, depending on the levels that are being explored.Nightmare refers to a

11、very frightening dream. It may also refer to unpleasant experiences.Recurring dreams refer to dreams people have from time to time. Dream catcher is a handmade object based on a willow hoop, on which is woven a loose net or web decorated with personal and sacred items such as feathers and beads. Ori

12、ginated in the culture of Ojibwa, one of the largestgroups of Native Americans, a dream catcher is believed to be able to change a persons dreams. Hung above the bed, it is traditionally used as a charm to protect sleeping children from nightmares.When it comes to the interpretation of dreams, the m

13、ost well-known might be The Interpretation of Dreams, a book written by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. The book introduces Freuds theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation. In the book, he first demonstrates a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret dre

14、ams. With the application of this technique, every dream will reveal itself as a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state. Further, he tries to explain the processes underlying the strangeness and o

15、bscurity of dreams, and to deduce from these processes the nature of the psychic forces whose conflict or cooperation is responsible for dreams.Freuds view was that dreams were all forms of “wish fulfillment”, which means that the unconscious makes attempts to resolve a conflict of some sort. Howeve

16、r, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a “censor” in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious. According to Freud, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, and need deeper interpretation if they are to inf

17、orm us of the structures of the unconscious.2. A Dream PollSample I dont think dreams can predict the future. I never take dreams seriously. To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense. If someone claims that what they dreamed came true, it was only a coincidence. Dreams can make me feel good. After

18、 a good nights sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning. But of course, I dont like terrible dreams which make me very tired.3. Talking About Your DreamsSampleA: How often do you dream?B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have?

19、 Are they connected to your daily life?B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to my daily life. For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games. Sometimes, I cant find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring d

20、reams?B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I havent prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams?B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I cant come up with any explanations.A: Why do you t

21、hink people dream?B: Its hard to say. However, as a Chinese saying goes, “We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night.” I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work. That may be the reason why we dream.Part Two Reading-Cent

22、ered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1. I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (Para. 1)II Dreaming and sleeping (Paras. 2-3)i Dreaming occurs when we are in a REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.ii The main purposes of sleeping may be to allow u

23、s to rest and to dream.III Possible causes of dreams (Paras. 4-6)i Physiological causeExample: Sleeping with ones feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii Reflection of inner fearsExample: Worrying about losing ones job may cause one to dream of losing ones job.IV

24、 Dream interpretations (Paras. 7-9)i The earliest dream dictionaries indicated that drinking wine predicted a short life and drinking water meant a long life.ii Artemidorus dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).iii Most experts warn tha

25、t dream interpretations should be read with care.2. 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 F 10 F3. Sample I agree with Kenneth Saunders opinion. First, different people have different personalities, social backgrounds and experiences. Since dreams are kinds of subjective activities in ones brain, differ

26、ent people may see the world in different ways. Second, I think to some extent, dreams are closely related to real life. So, you are likely to make mistakes if you try to interpret someones dreams without knowing what exactly the person has experienced. I think it is possible to analyze a dream with

27、out knowing the dreamer. If we share the same language, culture and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings. Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesnt mean we cant understand each other. Im very interested in learn

28、ing about dreams and ways of interpreting dreams.Vocabulary11 explanation 2 enthusiasts 3 frustrating 4 popularity5 unconscious 6 electric / electrical 7 movements 8 recognizable9 interpretation 10 countless21 asleep 2 sleepless 3 sleep 4 sleepy 5 asleep6 slept 7 sleeping, sleep 8 sleeper 9 sleep 10

29、 overslept31 submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake（使）浸沒(méi)，淹沒(méi)2 subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亞文化3 submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潛水艇4 subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pas

30、s 地下通道5 subzero: (of temperatures) below zero 零度以下的6 Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have warm and humid weather副熱帶的，亞熱帶的7 subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物種的）亞種8 subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的9 subdivided:

31、 divide the parts of sth. that has already been divided 再分，重分10 subtitles: words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said 4mislead nonstop unprepared misunderstanding non-verbal non-existent nonprofit uncommon unfamiliarity uncover1 uncovered 2 misunderstandi

32、ng 3 nonprofit 4 unprepared 5 uncommon6 non-verbal 7 nonstop 8 misled 9 non-existent 10 unfamiliarity51 progressed 2 puzzled 3 process 4 reflected 5 predict6 advances 7 symbol 8 conscious / aware 9 inner 10 modeTranslation1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 When young people re

33、main single, they are open to pressure from other people.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.6 She has never done

34、 anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.Part Three Further Development1. Grammar Review1 having ever had a chance / having ever been given a chance2 to lock her door3 visiting only once a month4 to stay in full-time education5 to phone you6 trying to escape7 to put the

35、ir needs first8 reading9 to build / building the house10 to be so rude to him2. Vocabulary Review1 A natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的B neutral: a neutral color is not very strong or bright 暗淡的，不鮮艷的C natural: to be expected; usual 合乎情理的，慣常的D neutral: not supporting any of the pe

36、ople or groups involved in an argument ordisagreement 中立的，不偏不倚的2A shattered: (cause to) break suddenly into very small pieces （使）粉碎B crashing: hit sth. or sb. extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damageor makes a lot of noise 撞擊C crack: (cause to) break without dividing into se

37、parate parts（使）開(kāi)裂D crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits sth. else 碰撞3 A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，遠(yuǎn)古的，古老的B early: near the beginning of a period of time 早期的，初期的C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前

38、的，以前的D ancient: (informal) when you say “sth. is ancient history”, you mean it happened long timeago and is not important now 從前的（事）4A sign: an event, fact, etc. which shows that sth. exists or is happening 跡象，征兆B symbol: a shape or design that is used to represent sth. such as an idea 象征C signal: a

39、 sound or action that you make in order to give information to sb. or tell them todo sth. 信號(hào)D signs / symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent sth. 符號(hào)，記號(hào)5 A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 視野B vision: ability to see; eyesight 視力C vision: an imagined mental pictu

40、re of sth. 想象，幻想D outlook: your general attitude toward life and the world（ 對(duì)生活、世界的）觀點(diǎn)，見(jiàn)解E view: personal opinion or attitude 觀點(diǎn)，看法6 A errors / mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 錯(cuò)誤，失誤B fault: if sth. bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it

41、 過(guò)錯(cuò)C error: a moral wrong 道德上的錯(cuò)誤D fault: sth. that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc, which prevents it from workingproperly 故障E mistake: “by mistake” is a fixed phrase, if you do sth. by mistake, you do it withoutintending to 錯(cuò)誤地（并非故意）7 A confused: unable to think clearly 被弄糊涂的B confusin

42、g: difficult to understand; puzzling 令人迷惑的C confusion: a situation in which sb. wrongly thinks that a person or thing is sb.or sth. 混淆D confuse: mistake one person or thing for another 混淆8 A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of sth. particular 意識(shí)到的，知道的B unconscious: in the state of havin

43、g lost consciousness 失去知覺(jué)的C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潛意識(shí)的，下意識(shí)的D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening aroundyou 意識(shí)，神志清醒3. Interpreting DreamsSample1 Her dream tells her that she would feel the same about herself as she does about

44、the sow if she did not control her eating. The dream reflects her inner conflicts between two desires: to be on diet and to indulge herself. Subconsciously the former seems to take the upper hand over the latter.2 It seems that Sara is still in love with her ex-boyfriend, although she thinks she has

45、 got over him. Now that he has a new girlfriend, she is quite conscious that she has lost him for good. The death of her ex-boyfriend is an indication of her determination of forgetting him and starting a new life. The symbol of the car accident is a good omen, implying good health of her ex.3 The p

46、oor condition of the car is an indication of poor health, poor academic or business performance. Falling down a cliff means Peter was riding in a wrong direction and failed to end up well. In this context, the dream is suggesting that Peter was doing something dangerous, and he had troubles either p

47、hysically or academically.4. Describing a DreamSampleOne night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch. It said 1:00 pm and it was very bright outside. I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, andI was supposed to wake up before 7:00 am. Oversleeping to

48、 1:00 pm would have been terrible! I tried to get up and get out of bed. But I was unable to. instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch. It was only 5:00 am, two hours before the time for me to get up for class. It was still dark outside

49、. Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Additional activity1. Remembering Your DreamsSTEP ONEIn a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had. If you cant remember a dream, invent one.STEP TWOTell your dream to your partne

50、r. When you have finished, check whether other classmates can remember all the details. Your partner uses a question tag and you use short answers.Example:Partner: In your dream you were eating a giant ice-cream, werent you?You: Yes, I was.Partner: Suddenly it began to melt, didnt it?You: Yes, it di

51、d.2. Four Kinds of DreamsSTEP ONEProvide the features of the four categories that dreams usually fall into.1 Daily Processing: Most dreams fall in the realm of “daily processing”, clearing the garbage from our mindsdumping input from the day thats no longer needed. We dont remember most of these dre

52、ams, and those we do remember can usually be easily related to our lives.2 Problem-solving: “Problem-solving” dreams are just what you might thinkyour subconscious knows allit knows your problems and it knows how to solve them. If the subconscious thinks its solution is important enough, up pops a p

53、roblem-solving dream. We dont always remember these dreams, but our conscious mind does and acts on them directly and, like our daily processing dreams, we can normally interpret them for ourselves.3 Psychological: For most of us, these dreams are about our relationships, past sufferings, our fears

54、and anxieties, guilt and resentment. In these “psychological dreams”, were not solving a problem or making a decision, were simply facing something about ourselves or our current situation thats probably been holding us back. Some of these dreams, especially those that are repetitive, require interp

55、retation. Some repetitive dreams may first be defined as psychological in nature, but are actually indicative of physical problems that require medical attention.4 Precognitive: “Precognitive” dreams deliver psychic information. You dream about a friend and then see them the next day, or you dream your sister is pregnant and she is! For most of us, precognitive dreams arent so obvious because our ego shadows our psychic information with symbols. Precognitive dreams can often be identified by their quality: The light is strange, or you clearly feel that youre in another dimension. Obj