名詞的用法及歸納

1、名詞的用法及歸納名詞：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞。一、名詞的分類類別用法例詞普通名詞表示一類人、或東西、或一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體pen,student,desk,book,bike集體名詞表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體family,class,people,school不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物air,water,paper抽象名詞表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念work,time,news專有名詞表示某個(gè)（些）人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱（注意：這類詞的中心詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫）翻譯：長(zhǎng)城；湯姆；中國(guó)二、名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩

2、種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：變形規(guī)則寫出以下詞語的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、一般情況下，在詞尾加sbook2、ch,sh,s,x+eswatch,box3、o+es（動(dòng)植物）tomato,potatoo+s（非動(dòng)植物）photo,radio4、元音字母（a,e,i,o,u）+y+sboy;holiday;monkey（輔音字母）+yiesstudy;technology5、f,feveswife;leaf6、雙重復(fù)數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：awomannurse變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：amandoctor國(guó)民的復(fù)數(shù)形式：國(guó)別復(fù)數(shù)形式Chinese/Japanese（中日）Englishman/Frenchman/（英法）American/

3、Australian/German,etc./（其他）2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，若表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”?！纠}】翻譯以下詞組：兩杯水：；兩條新聞：；兩張紙：；幾片面包：；兩袋大米：；3. 有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。不可數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義不可數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義fruit水果fruitsfood食物foodsfish魚fishesdrink飲料、酒adrinkcloth布aclothsand沙sandschicken雞肉achickenorange橘汁anorangeglass玻璃glassespaper紙apaperw

4、ood木頭woodsroom空間aroom4.數(shù)量的表示：修飾可數(shù)名詞afew一點(diǎn)蘋果：（肯定）few(幾乎沒有)一點(diǎn)蘋果：（否定）many許多人：a(great)numberof大量學(xué)生：修飾不可數(shù)名詞alittle一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)面包：（肯定）little(幾乎沒有）一點(diǎn)面包：（否定）much許多大米：(large)amountsof大量的水資源：agreatdealof許多錢：既修飾可數(shù)名詞又修飾不可數(shù)名詞alotof=lotsof許多羊：（只用于肯定）plentyof大量的信息：some一些故事：any一些錯(cuò)誤：enough足夠的食物：三、名詞的所有格1.有生命的名詞所有格，以及表示時(shí)間、距離、

5、城鎮(zhèn)、國(guó)家等的名詞所有格：不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，在詞尾加s?！纠}】：麥克的手表：以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，只加?！纠}】：老師們的辦公室：；兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s?！纠}】：湯姆和麥克的房間：;杰克和瑪麗的姐姐：;兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個(gè)名詞后都加s?！纠}】：瑪麗的自行車和湯姆的自行車：湯姆的姐姐和麥克的姐姐：在表示“店鋪、某某家、診所”的名詞所有格后面，一般省去被修飾的名詞?！纠}】：在他弟弟家：；在醫(yī)生的診所里：；在史密斯先生家：；用所有格表示時(shí)間或距離的方法：【例題】：開車十分鐘的路程：；一個(gè)月的假期：；兩周的

6、工作：用所有格表示節(jié)日的方法。如：TeachersDay；ChildrensDay注意：除了父親節(jié)和母親節(jié)（MothersDay、FathersDay），其他節(jié)日都用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格表示?！纠}】：婦女節(jié)：;兒童節(jié)：;2.無生命的事物的名詞所有格，常用of結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠}】：一張中國(guó)地圖：；這個(gè)游戲的開始；這個(gè)房間的門：3.特殊形式：1）可用s和of短語表示的名詞所有格：【例題】：用of短語表示：theboysname=；Chinaspopulation=2）雙重所有格。【例題】：我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友：；湯姆的一張照片：練習(xí)選擇題A：（數(shù)）1.Inthepicturetherearemany_andt

7、wo_.A.sheep,foxesB.sheeps,foxC.sheeps,foxesD.sheep,foxs2.InBritain,_areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxDlettersbox3.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree_.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave4.Canwehavesome_?Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear5.Theygotmuch_fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB

8、.photosC.informationD.stories6.Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?Idlike_.A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken7.Childrenshouldmake_foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom8.Tablesaremadeof_.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods9.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,Ger

9、menC.Japanese,GermansD.Japanese,Germens10.Agroupof_willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American11.Therearesixty-seven_inourschool.A.womensteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher12.Therearefive_inourfactory.A.womandriverB.womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers13

10、.Wouldyoulike_tea?No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo_.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges14.Heishungry.Givehim_toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads15.Canyougiveme_?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea16.Johnbought_forhim

11、selfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes17.What_lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a18.Hegaveus_onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice19.Itreallytookhim_todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime20.Shewasveryhappy.She?inthemathstes

12、t.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake選擇題B：（所有格）1.March8this_Day.A.WomansB.WomensC.WomansD.Women2.Isthebroomunder_desk?No,itsunder_.A.theteachers;myB.teachers;mineC.teachers;meD.theteachers;mine3.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms4.Thefoo

13、tballunderthebedis_.A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucys5.Hisbagisnicerthan_inhisclass.A.anyotherstudentB.theotherstudentsC.anyotherstudentsD.anystudents6.Joanis_.A.MarysandJacksisterB.MaryandJackssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.MarysandJackssister7.Inafew_time,thosemountainswillbecov

14、eredwithtrees.A.yearB.yearsC.yearsD.years8.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.Itsabout_.A.thirtyminutesswalkB.thirtyminuteswalkC.thirtyminuteswalkD.thirtyminuteswalk9.Pleasetaketwo_.A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark10.MissSmithisafriendof_.A.MarysmothersB.Marysmot

15、herC.mothersofMaryD.Marymothers附加題：1.Wecouldsee_childrenandhear_noiseinthepark.A.many,many?B.much,much?C.many,much?D.much,many2.Computerscando_workinashorttime,butamancannotdo_byhimself.A.greatmany;manyB.much;agreatmanyC.agreatdealof;muchD.many;agreatmany3.InherletterAuntMarytoldusmany_abouthervisit

16、toJapan.A.newsB.storiesC.advicesD.idea4.Mr.Lioftengivesus_bye-mail.A.somegoodinformationsB.somegoodinformationC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation5.CanIhelpyou,sir?Idliketohave100_.Iwantthestudentstodrawpicturesonthem.A.pieceofpaper?B.piecesofpaper?C.papers?D.paper6.Theywantthree_.A.loafbreadB.loafo

17、fbreadC.loavesbreadD.loavesofbread7.?September10this_Day.A.theTeacher?B.Teachers?C.Teacher?D.Teachers8.Thosenicecarsarethosefamous_.A.dancersB.dancersC.dancersD.dancer9.?Thetwodeskshereare_.Youmayusethedeskoverthere.A.MaryandJane?B.MarysandJanes?C.MaryandJanesD.MarysandJanes10.Howfarisitfromyouroffi

18、cetoyourflat?Itsabout_.A.20minuteswalkB.20-minuteswalkC.walk20minutesD.20minuteswalk11.Imgoingtohelp_with_English.A.afriendofNancy,hers?B.afriendofNancys,her?C.afriendofNancys,hers?D.afriendofNancy,her12._thatpairofnew_expensive?A.Is,shoeB.Are,shoeC.IsshoesD.Are,shoes13._leavingforBeijingtomorrow.A.TheZhangisB.TheZhangsareC.TheZhangsareD.Zhangsis14.Thisisabookof_.A.TomB.TomsC.herD.him15.Thepostcardissentby_.A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfathersC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriends16.Thisroomis_.A.BillandDavidsB.BillsandDavidsC.BillsandDavidsD.BillandDavid17.