六年級(jí)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題方法閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)含答案解析

1、六年級(jí)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題方法+閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)含答案解析 部編六年級(jí)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題方法 閱讀是書(shū)面的一種交流方式，是信息獲取的重要途徑。“閱讀理解”是指通過(guò)認(rèn)識(shí)語(yǔ)言形式和結(jié)構(gòu)而獲取全部文字信息的過(guò)程1。課程改革后，閱讀理解的題型變得更多、更新、更廣，不僅開(kāi)闊了學(xué)生的視野，還豐富了學(xué)生的學(xué)識(shí)。本文根據(jù)對(duì)“閱讀理解”所考察學(xué)生的相關(guān)能力，分析出了適用于初中學(xué)生的解題方法技巧，以便于學(xué)生有效的應(yīng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試，提高自己相關(guān)的知識(shí)與能力。 一、“閱讀理解”考察的能力 “閱讀理解”題型是一種綜合性質(zhì)的測(cè)試，它除了考查學(xué)生通過(guò)運(yùn)用所學(xué)習(xí)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行閱讀的能力，還考查了學(xué)生的分析、推理以及判斷的能

2、力。 1.英語(yǔ)閱讀的能力英語(yǔ)閱讀的能力是指通過(guò)所學(xué)習(xí)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)對(duì)于“閱讀理解”的文章進(jìn)行翻譯，理解文章中心思想。閱讀有泛讀、略讀、尋讀、精讀幾種方法。泛讀是指對(duì)無(wú)關(guān)的部分可以忽略，找出自己所需要的信息就可以。略讀是指學(xué)生可以有選擇、可以跳過(guò)不重要的細(xì)節(jié)，快速的閱讀然后了解文章的大意與中心思想。尋讀是指針對(duì)于某個(gè)問(wèn)題到文章中去搜索相關(guān)的線索或者答案。精讀是指仔細(xì)的閱讀，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深入及透徹的了解。通過(guò)所選擇的閱讀方法去理解文章所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容及中心思想，了解文章提出的問(wèn)題的含義，掌握所提的問(wèn)題具體在哪個(gè)段落哪個(gè)語(yǔ)句中體現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)閱讀的能力不僅對(duì)于英語(yǔ)測(cè)試很重要，對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)說(shuō)及英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)都起著至關(guān)

3、重要的作用。 2.分析、推理及判斷的能力每篇文章都是圍繞著主題，通過(guò)詞匯、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)、句型、語(yǔ)法銜接文章的內(nèi)部從而形成整體。它需要學(xué)生運(yùn)用智力與所學(xué)的知識(shí)去分析詞與詞之間、句與句之間、段與段之間起承轉(zhuǎn)合的聯(lián)系。同時(shí)也通過(guò)邏輯思維去推理文章段落間存在的前因后果，仔細(xì)思考判斷出哪一個(gè)才是正確的答案。分析、推理以及判斷的能力對(duì)于深入的了解文章，加快閱讀的速度，理解文章的中心思想，獲取正確的答案有著重要影響。 二、“閱讀理解”的解題方法 通過(guò)了解閱讀理解所考察學(xué)生的相關(guān)能力，總結(jié)出了以下五點(diǎn)適合初中學(xué)生“閱讀理解”解題的方法技巧。 1.略讀文章，了解大意初中的英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型內(nèi)容廣泛，而且因?yàn)闇y(cè)試一般都

4、有時(shí)間限制，所以我們首先采用略讀法和尋讀法相結(jié)合的方法，通過(guò)快速的閱讀，了解文章要講述的大概意思，對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)有整體的印象與思緒。在略讀過(guò)程中注意相關(guān)的提示與線索，為稍后答題做好準(zhǔn)備。在閱讀過(guò)程中學(xué)生應(yīng)帶著以下“5W1H”的幾個(gè)方面去進(jìn)行閱讀： （1）（Who）文章中主要的人物；（2）（When）文章中事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間；（3）（Where）文章中事件發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)；（4）（What）文章中發(fā)生了什么；（5）（Why）文章中事件發(fā)生的原因；（6）（How）面對(duì)問(wèn)題如何去解決。這樣帶有目的性的閱讀對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)有利于學(xué)生整理文章的脈絡(luò)與重點(diǎn)。 2.邏輯分析，劃出重點(diǎn)學(xué)生通過(guò)對(duì)文章的分析找出文章內(nèi)在的

5、邏輯意義，貫穿文章始終的相關(guān)線索。老練的閱讀者在閱讀中并不是“逐詞逐句”、而是抓住句中的關(guān)鍵詞、先識(shí)別句式、然后迅速進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義編碼2。我們可以劃出重點(diǎn)找出文章的中心方向，把握文章的整體脈絡(luò)，使得選擇學(xué)生對(duì)文章整體有深刻的理解后，在判斷答案的時(shí)候才不會(huì)被其他備選的答案所迷惑。分析過(guò)程中 特別要注意的是文章的首段和尾段，對(duì)于我們迅速找到重點(diǎn)中心有很大作用。3.仔細(xì)審題，詞義猜測(cè)了解熟悉文章后，查看文章所提出的問(wèn)題。在查看問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，一定要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的審題，學(xué)生可以用筆在題目上劃?rùn)M線以標(biāo)記出重點(diǎn)詞匯，然后帶著問(wèn)題去文章里尋找答案。學(xué)生可以通過(guò)之前對(duì)文章的閱讀，確定提出問(wèn)題的相關(guān)范圍，然后在文章相關(guān)范圍中

6、詳讀去找出答案。有些提出的問(wèn)題通過(guò)最開(kāi)始的閱讀后立即能得出答案，但是建議學(xué)生一定要再找到文章關(guān)于問(wèn)題的相關(guān)處仔細(xì)確定一下。在解題過(guò)程中，遇到生疏或者不理解的詞匯，我們可以通過(guò)采用上下文語(yǔ)境，以及語(yǔ)法、排除法等方法推理出詞匯的釋義，得出問(wèn)題的正確的答案。 4.逐題作答，校對(duì)答案在解答問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中，建議按所出題目的順序答題，盡量不要跳題作答。因?yàn)樘}作答容易使答題的思緒受到干擾，落下本應(yīng)答的題目，同時(shí)在答題卡上容易產(chǎn)生忘記寫(xiě)答案或者答案寫(xiě)錯(cuò)順序?qū)е潞竺娴拇鸢付汲鲥e(cuò)等問(wèn)題，所以希望學(xué)生能夠按照出題順序進(jìn)行答題。學(xué)生得出一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案就標(biāo)記在卷子上和答題紙相對(duì)應(yīng)的題號(hào)上，如果在答題過(guò)程的開(kāi)始或者中間遇

7、到較難或者比較耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的題目，可以先暫時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單分析得出一個(gè)答案，然后對(duì)相應(yīng)的題目進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，在做完這篇文章閱讀理解所有的題目后，回過(guò)頭來(lái)去解決之前遺留的問(wèn)題。學(xué)生在答完題后，切忌不去檢查或者只檢查單個(gè)自己覺(jué)得有疑問(wèn)的問(wèn)題，一定要遵循文章的脈絡(luò)及中心思想，逐一的去檢查每一個(gè)問(wèn)題，仔細(xì)思考和反復(fù)比對(duì)得出最終的正確答案。 5.心態(tài)平和，不急不躁在閱讀理解答題過(guò)程中，學(xué)生的心態(tài)十分重要。要保持平和穩(wěn)定的心態(tài)去解題，千萬(wàn)不要急著去答題，應(yīng)付上一個(gè)答案，要心態(tài)放平緩，靜下心來(lái)去閱讀文章，理解文章的大意，掌握中心思想。遇到不會(huì)的題也不要著急，用邏輯思維一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的去分析，最后得出答案。 結(jié)語(yǔ)：閱讀是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重要手

8、段，是學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)作以及提高聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力的基礎(chǔ)，本文主要通過(guò)闡釋閱讀理解的含義作用，分析閱讀理解的所考察的能力，總結(jié)出解題方法，使學(xué)生有效的答題，提高學(xué)生的閱讀速度，不僅使學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)測(cè)試取得好的成績(jī)，也為今后英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，提高自己的英語(yǔ)水平，跟上信息化社會(huì)的潮流。 2Tom is an English boy. Now he is in Beijing with his parents and his two sisters. Every morning he has breakfast at 7:00. Then he goes to school at 7:30. His firs

9、t class starts () at 8:00. In the morning he has four classes and in the 開(kāi)始afternoon he has two classes. The classes finish at 4:30 pm. After that, he always plays soccer with his classmates for an hour. At school Toms favorite subject is music. His best friend is Frank. Frank is not from England. S

10、he is a Chinese girl. Her Chinese name is Liu Yuanyuan. She is a small TV star. You can see her on TV. Why does Tom like Frank? Because they like the same things (). They like music and they like blue and white. 事情 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案1When does Tom have breakfast? A.At 6:00. B.At 7:00. C.At 7:30. D.At 8:0

11、0. 2Tom always with his classmates after school. A.plays soccer B.plays tennis C.plays basketball D.plays computer games 3What is Toms favorite subject? A.Art. B.Music. C.History. D.Math. 4 Whos Frank?A.Toms sister. B.Toms teacher. C.Toms cousin. D.Toms friend. 5Which of the following is TRUE? A.The

12、re are four people in Toms family. B.Tom has seven classes every day. C.Tom likes blue and white. D.Frank doesnt like music. 【答案】1B 2A 3B 4D 5C 【解析】 【分析】本文介紹了湯姆的日常生活和學(xué)習(xí)情況。湯姆和他的好朋友弗蘭克都喜歡 同樣的事物。1B Every morning he has breakfast at 7:00.可知湯姆在每天早細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)7B 。點(diǎn)吃早飯，故選上2A The classes finish at 4:30 pm. Afte

13、r that, he always plays 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)soccer with his classmates for an hour. 可知湯姆放學(xué)后總是和同學(xué)一起踢足球，A 。故選3B At school Toms favorite subject is music.可知湯姆最喜歡細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)B 。的科目是音樂(lè)，故選4D His best friend is Frank.可知弗蘭克是湯姆的朋友，故選細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)D 。5C They like music and they like blue and white. 可知湯姆喜細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)C 。歡藍(lán)色和白色，故選 【點(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)

14、題干要求，在文中尋找答案所在的語(yǔ)句或段落，進(jìn)行分析理解，詞義3At school ，根據(jù)猜測(cè)，推理判斷和概括歸納，選出正確的選項(xiàng)。例如小題Toms favorite subject is music.B 。可知湯姆最喜歡的科目是音樂(lè)，故選 3This is Wang Pings Day. Hes a young worker. His job is carrying coal (運(yùn)). He thinks thats great. 煤 Wang Pings Day Dont work 5:10 a. m. Go home by car 5:20 a. m. Take a shower 5:30

15、 a. m. 5:40 a. m. Eat breakfast. Go to bed. 6:00 a. m. Get up. 5:00 p.m. Buy vegetables or other things for breakfast 5:10 p.m. Have a big dinner. 6:00 p.m. Watch news() on TV6:307:30p.m. . 新聞 7:40 p.m. Leave home and go to work 1When does Wang Ping have breakfast? AAt 5:20 in the morning. BAt 5:10

16、in the afternoon. CAt 5:40 in the morning. DAt 6:00 in the afternoon. 2Where does he have his breakfast? AAt home. BIn the coal mine(). 煤礦CIn the restaurant(). DIn the factory (). 工廠餐館3Wang Ping watches news _. Aover the radio() Bon TV in the morning 收音機(jī)Cevery day Devery morning 4Wang Ping goes home

17、 _. Aat 7:40 every evening Bat 5:20 every evening Cat 7:30 every morning Dat 5:20 every morning 5- How old is Wang Ping? - _. AAbout 50 BAbout fifteen C25 DWe dont know 【答案】1C 2A 3C 4D 5D 【解析】1C 。細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)表格第五行，。可知選2A 。推理題：從表格第三行，可以推斷出他是在家吃早飯的，選3排除題：從文章的倒數(shù)第二行，可知他晚上看電視聽(tīng)新聞，可以排除ABDC 。、，所以、4520D 回家。；細(xì)節(jié)題：從表

18、格的第三行，可知他每天早上5Hes a young worker.所以我們不知道他多大了。細(xì)節(jié)題：文章只說(shuō)了：D 。選 4Dear Anna ，Thank you for inviting me to watch your baseball game. Its on December 13，rightIm sorry I dont have time that day. Because I have a science test on December ？14I need to take a science class on December 13.Its from nine to eleve

19、n in the ，morning. After the classI need to go to my grandparents house. It is my grandmas ，65th birthday that day. I think I will be at her party that afternoon. Do you have time that eveningI can have dinner with you. There is a new ？restaurant near my home and it has great hamburgers. You love ha

20、mburgersright? ，Yours ，Amanda 1Anna has a _ on December 13. Abaseball game Bscience test Cbirthday party Dmusic festival 2Amandas science class is on _. Athe morning of December 13 Bthe afternoon of December 13 Cthe morning of December 14 Dthe afternoon of December 14 3The birthday party is for _. A

21、Amanda BAmandas brother CAmandas grandma DAmandas uncle 4The underlined word “restaurant” means “_” in Chinese. A B C D 餐館圖書(shū)館廣場(chǎng)書(shū)店5What can we learn from the passage? AAmanda plays baseball very well. BAmandas science class lasts () two hours. 持續(xù)CThe birthday party is at Amandas house. DAnna loves fr

22、uit and vegetables. 【答案】1 A 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 B 【解析】 【分析】這是阿曼達(dá)寫(xiě)給安娜的信，給安娜解釋她不能和安娜去看棒球比賽的原 因。1Thank you for inviting me to watch your baseball game. Its on 根據(jù)December 13A 故選2I need to take a science class on December 13.A 故選根據(jù)3After the classI need to go to my grandparents house. It is my ，根據(jù)grandmas 65th

23、 birthday that day. I think I will be at her party that afternoon.C 故選4it has great hamburgers.D 可知是餐館，故選根據(jù)5I need to take a science class on December 13.Its from nine to eleven 根據(jù)in the morning.B 故選點(diǎn)睛：短文閱讀，做題時(shí)要結(jié)合文章的特點(diǎn)，題目涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷，做題時(shí)要在了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合題目針對(duì)不同的題型采用不同的解答方式，比如細(xì)節(jié)理解題，我們要抓住里面的最有效的信息選擇4

24、 根出正確的答案，總之理解透文章是做好一篇閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵。例如：小題it has great hamburgers.D 可知是餐館，故選據(jù) 5Daniel comes from Sydney. He is now staying in Beijing with his family. He usually gets up at about 6:30 am and has breakfast at 7:00 am. Then he leaves home at 7:15 am. He gets to school at 7:45 am. His first class begins at 8:0

25、0 am. There are four lessons in the morning. Morning classes are over at 11:50 am, and he has lunch 10 minutes later. Afternoon classes begin at 1:30 pm. There are two lessons in the afternoon. They are over at 3:10 pm. Daniel usually stays at school for another hour to play soccer, and then goes home. 1Where is Daniel living now? ASydney. BBeijing. CNew York. DShenzhen. 2When does Daniels first class begin? AAt 7:15 am. BAt 7:45 am. CAt 8:00 am. DAt 8:15 am. 3What time does Daniel have lunch? AAt 11:50 am. BAt 12 oclock. CAt 12:10 pm. DAt 12: