量子力學(xué)入門 英語PPT課件

1、.,1,Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué),Hello , everyone! My name is Zheng Zerui , from School of Materials Science and Engineering. My teammates are Zhang Yuhan , Wang Yabo , Wu Qihang , Li Wei, Zhang Wei, Li Jiang , Chen Penghui. 大家好！ 我是材料學(xué)院的鄭澤銳，我的隊友有張宇寒、王亞博、吳起航、李偉、張維、李江、陳鵬輝。,.,2,Albert Einstein,Many people hav

2、e the idea that quantum mechanics is far from us and it is so complex that only geniuses have the ability to know it. 許多人認(rèn)為量子力學(xué)離我們很遠(yuǎn)，并且只有天才們才能了解它。,.,3,Is quantum mechanics far from us? 量子力學(xué)離我們真的很遠(yuǎn)嗎？ No,it is just around us. 當(dāng)然不是，它無處不在！,.,4,Laser 激光,.,5,Those all rely on the theory of quantum mechani

3、cs.這些先進(jìn)的儀器都是依靠量子力學(xué)作為理論基礎(chǔ)的。,Electron Microscope 電子顯微鏡,Scanning Picture 掃描圖片,.,6,Semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體,The theory of semiconductor based on quantum mechanicsmake information industry flourish. 基于量子力學(xué)的半導(dǎo)體理論，使信息產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。,.,7,小米,iPhone,The 21st century will become information age，quantum age! 21世紀(jì)將會變?yōu)樾畔r代，量子時代

4、！,iPad-3,.,8,Now we see that quantum mechanics is not far from us. 現(xiàn)在我們知道了量子力學(xué)與我們緊密相關(guān)。,Is quantum mechanics really complicated?那么，量子力學(xué)真的那么復(fù)雜嗎？,Absolutely not, it is very easy. 當(dāng)然也不是，其實它是很簡單的。,.,9,The Origin of Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué)的起源,In 1900, Planck Put forward a hypothesis that energy is radiated

5、and absorbed in discrete quanta, or energy elements, which successfully matched the observed patterns of black body radiation. 1900年，普朗克提出能量的發(fā)射和吸收是按“一份一份”進(jìn)行的假說 ，這個假說成功的解釋了黑體輻射模型。,Planck,.,10,The Origin of Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué)的起源,in 1905，Einstein used Plancks quantum hypothesis realisticallyto expla

6、in thephotoelectric effect. 1905年，愛因斯坦用普朗克的量子假設(shè)成功地解釋了光電效應(yīng)。,Einstein,.,11,The Develop of Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué)的發(fā)展,In 1913，Bohr proposed that electrons travel only in certain orbits and that any atom could exist only in a discrete set of stable states，and developed a new theory of the atom. 1913年，波爾提出

7、了電子是按固定軌道運行和電子只能處于一些離散的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的假設(shè)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，他推動了新的原子理論的發(fā)展。,Bohr,.,12,The Develop of Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué)的發(fā)展,The word quantum derives from Latin, meaning “how great” or “how much”. In quantum mechanics, it refers to a discrete unit that quantum theory assigns to certain physical quantities. 量子這個詞語來源于拉丁語，意思

8、是“多大”或“多少”。在量子力學(xué)中，它指一些不連續(xù)的物理量。,Light spectrum,.,13,The Develop of Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué)的發(fā)展,In 1926, Erwin Schrdinger formulated Schrdinger equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time. 1926年，埃爾溫薛定諤提出了薛定諤方程，這個方程用來描述物理系統(tǒng)中量子態(tài)是怎么樣隨時間變化的。,schrdinger,.,14,Quantum Mech

9、anics量子力學(xué),For a general quantum system, Schrdinger equation is,.,15,Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué),.,16,Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué),In conclusion , there are two points: A . Quantum mechanics is founded by the hypothesis that energy is discrete . B . The core work of quantum mechanics is calculating the Schrdinger

10、 equation. So quantum mechanics is very easy. 總而言之，這兒有兩點比較重要： A . 量子力學(xué)是以能量是不連續(xù)為假設(shè)建立的。 B . 量子力學(xué)的核心工作就是計算薛定諤方程。 所以說，量子力學(xué)是很簡單的。,.,17,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory量子力學(xué)VS相對論,Until now , we know that both quantum mechanics and relativity theory are absolutely right . But there are some paradoxes

11、between them ，which may be the origin of revolution theory . 迄今為止，我們知道量子力學(xué)與相對論都是非常正確的理論。但是，它們之間還是存在一些不兼容的地方。這些地方有可能成為未來革命性理論的起點。,.,18,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory量子力學(xué)VS相對論,Round one : About Black Hole 第一回合：關(guān)于黑洞,According to the relativity theory , if a particle meet with singular point , i

12、t can never come out . But quantum mechanics say that it can escape by possibility . 根據(jù)相對論，如果一個粒子與黑洞的起點相遇，那么它再也不能跑出來了。但量子力學(xué)卻說，它能以一定概率逃出來的。,.,19,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory量子力學(xué)VS相對論,Can a particle escape from the black hole ? It is still a unsolved mystery . 一個粒子能成黑洞中跑出來嗎？這至今是個未解之謎。,.,20,Q

13、uantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory量子力學(xué)VS相對論,Round two : About Velocity 第二回合：關(guān)于速度,According to the relativity theory , nothing can travel faster than light velocity . But quantum entanglement shows us that one particle can affect another with no time , no information. 根據(jù)相對論，沒有什么東西比光速還快。但量子糾纏態(tài)向我們展示

14、，一個粒子能在瞬間影響其它地方的粒子，并且不需要傳遞什么作用力。,.,21,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory量子力學(xué)VS相對論,Scientists do not care who is right , they are designing quantum computer which is based on the theory of quantum entanglement . 科學(xué)家們不管誰對誰錯，他們已經(jīng)在設(shè)計基于量子糾纏態(tài)的量子計算機(jī)。,quantum computer 量子計算機(jī),.,22,Quantum Mechanics VS Rel

15、ativity Theory量子力學(xué)VS相對論,Round three : About Possibility 第三回合：關(guān)于概率,Einstein did not believe in the uncertain principle , so he said , God does not play dice . Bohr, in response, said Einstein, dont tell God what to do. 愛因斯坦不相信量子力學(xué)的不確定原理，于是他說，上帝是不會擲骰子的。 波爾則回復(fù)說，你不要告訴上帝該做什么事。,.,23,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory量子力學(xué)VS相對論,God does not play dice ! 上帝可不會擲骰子！,Dont tell God what to do ! 不要告訴上帝該做什么！,VS,.,24,Quantum Mechanics量子力學(xué),History will tell people who is right finally . However , they are both heroes ! 歷