初中英語語法現(xiàn)在進行時

1、初中英語語法現(xiàn)在進行時講解與習題 現(xiàn)在進行時表示1、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，強調(diào)“此時此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2、當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。E.g. They are working these days.3、某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時，表預定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。E.g I am coming.其結(jié)構(gòu)為be+現(xiàn)在分詞. 現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有1、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一

2、個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put其句式變換都在be上做文章。E.g. He is buying a bike.Is he buying a bike?He isnt buying a bike.一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等時間狀語做標志。自我檢測（一） 、單選1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework.A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、_are the boys

3、doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who B .How C.What D.Where3、 Dont talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him.A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes5 、When_he_back? Sorry, I dont know.A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is co

4、ming答案：A C A B D（二）、填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.2、 What_he _(mend)?3、 We _(play)games now.4、 What _you_(do) these days?5、 _he _(clean) the classroom?6、 Who_(sing)in the next room?7 、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 ar

5、e playing 4 are doing5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing一、把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯例：1、They are swiming.(swim)2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.答案：1.swimming 2 .playing解析：動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:“一添一去y不變”. “一添”指雙寫規(guī)則；“一去”指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則；“y不變”指要與名詞變復數(shù)區(qū)分開。二、丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a ki

6、te in the park.2 、Li Mingisnt read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案：1 are flying 2 isnt reading解析:現(xiàn)在進行時肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為: “be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點必須牢記。三、對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(對劃線部分提問)What are the students in the room?答案：What are the students doing in the room?解析:現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中對動作提問

7、可記住此句式“What +be +主語+doing+其它?”或簡寫為“What.doing.”?句式。四、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式例：孩子們在跑還是在跳？Are the children running or jump?答案：Are the children running or jumping?解析: or連接的是兩個并列成分，動詞形式須一致。一般現(xiàn)在時的講解與練習一般現(xiàn)在時是英語中應用最廣泛的時態(tài)之一，是初中英語語法重點。它表示1)經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.

8、 2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客觀真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序，即“主語+謂語+其它”，有時為了起強調(diào)作用，時間狀語也可提前. 其句式變化可分為兩種情況 1)表示動作， 一般人稱作主語的，變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞dont；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They dont ha

9、ve lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2）單三人稱做主語的，變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞doesnt；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesnt speak English very well.Does Jenny speak English very well? 含有be動詞的要在be上做變化. E.g. Danny is a good student.Danny isnt a good student. Is Danny a good stu

10、dent?其時間狀語為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。 學生常見錯誤如下：一、be動詞與行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在句子中例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.答案：plant解析：學生往往會用漢語的思維方式去翻譯，就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學習英語最忌諱的，要看語法是不是正確，在英語中，be是表狀態(tài)，do是表動作，兩種動詞不能同時出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣：“英漢語言有差異，be

11、、do不能放一起，仔細琢磨細分析，語法千萬要牢記?！弊晕覚z測：(一)、 單選1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disn

12、t rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied答案：1 B 2D 3C 4

13、B 5B 6B(二)、填空 1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(遠離 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) ga

14、mes in the afternoon .答案：1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look二、單三人稱形式易出錯例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案：1 plays 2 goes解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es；2與名詞變復數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.三、在句式變換時易出錯例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doe

15、snt lives (not live) in China.答案：1 Does have 2 doesnt live解析：單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時做句式變化時，可記住如下口訣：“見助動，用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時態(tài)中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.四、對do的理解易出錯例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案：dont do解析：do是一個比較難理解的詞，它有三個含義: a)是所有行為動詞的總稱；b)是助動詞，無實義；c)是一個具體的行為動詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，n

16、ot指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，故須在do前加助動詞dont。五、對主語的數(shù)判斷有誤例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.答案: is解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個人在北京”，但with在此做伴隨狀語，不能做主語，故用is.另外，賓語從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時；在時間和條件狀語從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。一、一般將來時的動詞形式一般將來時表示將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。一般將來時由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構(gòu)成，shall用于第一人稱，will用于第二

17、、三人稱。但是現(xiàn)在第一人稱一般也用will，其區(qū)別并不明顯。（或“be going to + 動詞原形）常與tomorrow, next , in （the） future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等連用。如: I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如明天下雨我就不來。My father will leave for China next week.我的爸爸下星期要到中國去。“Ill, Youll, Hell , Shell , Itll, Well , Theyll ”是簡縮形式。1.The workers will

18、 build a new school here next year.工人們明年將在這兒蓋一所新學校。They will go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午他們將要去購物。We shall have a delicious dinner tonight. 今晚我們將美餐一頓。We shall be there before dark. 我們天黑前會到達那里。2.I will not go shopping one hour later. 一小時之后我不會去購物。He wont play football with you before he finishes hi

19、s work.他干完活后才能跟你踢足球。3.Will you be back in ten minutes? 十分鐘后你會回來嗎？Will you please open the window? 請你打開窗戶好嗎？Shall we get something hot to drink? 我們喝一些熱飲怎么樣？4.Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪?How many books will they get? 他們將有多少本書？1.be going to +不定式，表示將來。表示打算、準備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。be going to和will相比，b

20、e going to通常表示主觀，will通常表示客觀。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么？Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看這些黑云，將有一場暴風雨。2.“be to+動詞原形”表示按計劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示計劃中約定的或按職責、義務要求必須去做的事或即將發(fā)生的動作。We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下個周日我們有個會。The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 這個男孩

21、明天要去上學。Are we to go on with this work? 我們繼續(xù)干嗎？The president is to visit China next week.總統(tǒng)下周來訪中國。3.“be about to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示客觀就要發(fā)生的事，表示馬上就要發(fā)生。一般不再與時間狀語連用。Dont go out. Were about to have a meeting. 別出去了,我們很快就開會了。I was about to start when it began to rain.我剛要出發(fā)就下起雨來了。He

22、is about to leave for Shenyang.他將要離開去沈陽。The film is about to begin. 電影馬上就要開始了。四注意事項1. be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。2. Lets 的附加疑問通常使用“, shall we ?”。問句是“Shall?”，答句就用“shall ”；問句用“Will ？”，答句就用“will ”。要前后保持一致。Shall you go to school next week ?Yes, I shall . Well have an exam .Will y

23、ou have an exam tomorrow?Yes, I will. / No, I wont.一般過去時的講解與練習一般過去時主要表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況?？梢詮囊韵聨讉€方面來理解：1）過去某個時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）談

24、到已故人的情況時多用過去時。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些發(fā)生時間不是很清楚的情況，實際是過去發(fā)生的，也應用過去時態(tài)。e.g. What did you say? 另外，還可用過去時表示委婉的語氣。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+動詞的過去式。be動詞的過去式為was, were；行為動詞的過去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：1）直接在動詞原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以e結(jié)尾的動詞只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived;

25、 like-liked.3)末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些動詞變過去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住. 其句式變化分為兩種情況1)含有be動詞的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 19

26、80? 2)含有行為動詞的變否定句要在行為動詞前加助動詞didnt.,同時把動詞變成原形; 變一般疑問句,在句首加助動詞did,同時把動詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday? 其時間狀語為yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語,e.g. yesterday morning; 由last+時間構(gòu)成的短語, e.g. last year; 由時間段+ago構(gòu)成的短語, e.g.

27、 three days ago; 另外,還有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示過去時態(tài)的從句.注意,在賓語從句中主句為過去,一般從句也為過去. 常見錯誤如下: 一把動詞變成過去式易出錯 例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now. 2 They plaied (play) football yesterday. 答案: 1 stopped 2 played 解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:動詞變成過去式,雙寫規(guī)律要牢記;y前若是輔音字,y變i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只須直接加-ed. 二忘記把動詞變成過去式

28、 例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案: flew 解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:一般過去時態(tài)里,過去形式莫忘記.專項練習:一 選擇1 She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_nothing.A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heardC . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here

29、?A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?- _.A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didnt C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper.- When _you_it?A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4