2012屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)十八：冠 詞

1、.2012屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)十八：冠 詞（一）考綱要求考綱規(guī)定，冠詞考查基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞，不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別；不用冠詞的情況；習(xí)語(yǔ)中的冠詞；特指與泛指等。（二）命題導(dǎo)向冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用是高考命題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，幾乎每年高考題的單項(xiàng)選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目，不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法，習(xí)慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。（三）基本用法當(dāng)代語(yǔ)法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞（即不用冠詞）三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞（或名詞化的形容詞分詞）前面，說明其所指的人或物。1、定冠詞的基本用法： 表示上文提到過的人或事物。

2、如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. 用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如：the east, the right. 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前。如：the first, the tallest. 用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化。如：the sick, the wounded. 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。如：the Unit

3、ed States, the United Nation. 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake. 用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”。如：The Smiths 用于樂器的名詞前。如：play the piano; play the violin.發(fā)明物。如：The compass was invented in China. 年代名詞前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 固定詞組中。如：in the morning(afternoon, ev

4、ening), on the other hand , at the same time2、不定冠詞的基本用法： 泛指一個(gè)。如：There is a book on the table. 指人或事物的某一種類。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. 指某一個(gè)人或事物，但不具體說明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 用于某一些表示重量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等單位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我們一天吃三餐。） 表示同樣

5、的。如：They are of an age.（他們是同歲。） 表數(shù)量，相當(dāng)于one,但語(yǔ)意較弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 使抽象名詞具體化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand譯幫手） 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word 3、不用冠詞的情況： 表示總稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前。如：Children love cartoons.（兒童喜歡卡通影片。） 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如：We are studying E

6、nglish. 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。如：She likes spring most. 呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞。如：What shall I do next, Mother? 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：What did you have for lunch? 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：People give gifts to eac

7、h other on Christmas Day. 球類和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞。如：She is fond of playing basketball. 在一些成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)中不用冠詞。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牽手）; side by side（肩對(duì)肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨門挨戶）; from beginning to end（從頭到尾）; from morning till night（從早到晚）等。練習(xí)（一）、冠 詞1. In America,

8、 _ car is _ popular means of transportation（交通設(shè)施）.A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a2. - What happened?- They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, theB. the, a

9、C. the, theD. a, a4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The5. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a6. Lesson 10 is _ most difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult lesson in Book One.A. a, aB. a, theC. t

10、he, theD. the, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once _ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every8. He was absent because he had caught _.A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold9. _ water is _ liquid.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, /D. /, a10. In winter _ people often hang up wet clot

11、hes near _ fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other12. He was a top student in the class, he often got _ in English.A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second13. _ horse is _ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC

12、. The, anD. /, a14. Tom left Shanghai in _.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 199515. _ children here live _ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the16. The soldier died during _ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a17. In _ Marx began to learn Russian

13、.A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s18. Alice is _ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller19. - Can your sister play _?- No, but she can play _.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano20. The introduction is always in _ of a

14、 book.A. frontB. the frontC. a front D. instead21. She touched her daughter gently _ shoulder.A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the22. Both _ wounded and _ sick were sent to safety.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /23. _ doctors and _ nurses should care for their patients.A. The, theB. /, /C. The,

15、/D. /, the24. Tell us the story as _ Mother told you. A. aB. theC. anD. /25. Do you know how long _ has lived on the earth?A. manB. the manC. a manD. men26. The man was once thrown into _ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./27. _ Mount Tai is in the east of China.A. AB. TheC. /D. That2

16、8. I like _ history. I am studying _ history of China.A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a29. He wrote a letter _ pencil.A. withB. inC. in aD. use a30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated _ with new achievements and victories.A. National DayB. the National DayC. our National DayD. a National Day

17、練習(xí)（二）、冠 詞1. -You mean you know the man? -I know_ man exactly like him. A. other B. the C. / D. a2. Wouldnt it be_ wonderful world if all nations live in _peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, theD. the, the3. -I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.-Yes, _ news c

18、ame as _ shock to us. A. a, a B. the, a C. /, / D. /, a4. At midnight they reached _ small village _ east of _ Everwhite Mountain. A. a,/, the B. a,/, / C. the, the, theD. the, an, an5. Nanjing lies on _ Changjiang River and has _ population of more than four million. A. the, the B. the, / C. the, a

19、D. /, a6. Bill Clinton took _ office on January 20th, 1993 and left _ office on January 20th, 2001. A. /, / B. his, his C. the, theD. an, his7. We learn to go all out to work for _ good of _ society. A. the, / B. /, / C. /, a D. the, the8. Paris is _ most beautiful city, where you can see _ famous E

20、iffel Tower. A. a, the B. a, / C. the, aD. the, the9. -What about _ bike?-Do you think it all right to buy him _ bike as _ birthday present? A. the, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, theD. the, the, a10. He had decided to give it up, but on _ second thoughts he decided to try _ third time. A. the, a

21、B. /, / C. a, aD. /, a11. Towards _ morning, _ heavy rain began to fall. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, /12. -Excuse me, where are _ books for biology? -Follow me. They re on this shelf. Do you want _ new or used book? A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the13. Young as he is, David has gained

22、_ rich experience in _ society. A. /, / B. the, the C. a, / D./, the14. -My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by? -I saw _ boy hidden behind _ tree over there. You may go and have a look. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, theD. the, a15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in _ hurry, looked down a

23、nd found in _ surprise that _ whole town took on a new look. A. a, the, the B. a,/,the C. /,/,the D. /,/,a16. In _ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel _ custom. A. an, a B. /, the C. the, a D. the, /17. -You re sure to help me find _ bed for my new house? -Sure, but not now. Im

24、 heading for _ bed and a good sleep. A. a, a B. the, a C. a, / D. the, /18. The wheel is thought to be _ first invention of _ transportation. A. the, the B. a, a C. a, / D. the, /19. Some people say that _ British are _ funny people. A. the, a B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /20. Don t worry about _ mista

25、kes. They re _ natural part of learning. A. /, a B. the, / C. /, the D. the, the21. -Selma looks especially pretty tonight. -Yes, she always looks her best in _ of that kind. A. the dress B. a dress C. dress D. the dresses22. - _did you think of the exhibition? -Oh, it was _ success. A. How, really

26、a B. What, great C. How, / D. What, quite a23. The child had only _ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _ illness as serious enough for _ hospital treatment. A. /,/,the B. a,/,/ C. a, the,/D. /,the, the24. -Did you have _ wonderful time yesterday? -Yes. I was on _ top of _ world. A. /, the,

27、a B. a, /, the C. a, a, the D. a, the, the25. I don t usually have _ breakfast, but I always eat _ good lunch. A. /, / B. /, a C. the, / D. /, the26. -I hear therell be _ talk on English study tomorrow morning. -Do you mean _ speech our teacher asked us to listen to? A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the

28、D. a, a27. Mr. Stock runs _ small business, who is in _ Mexico on business. A. a, a B. /, / C. a, the D. a, /28. Although _ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_ American one. A. a, the B. a, / C. the, anD. the, the29. Xian was _ starting point of _ world-

29、famous Silk Road. A. /, / B. a, a C. the, /D. the, the30. -What does on _one handon _other means? -What_great fun! Youre asking me such a simple question. A. the, the, / B. the, the, a C. /, the, aD. /, the, /31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented _telephone in 1876. (MET1991) A./;B. aC. theD. one32.Aft

30、er watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour. A./;/B. the ; theC. the; /D./;the 33. -Wheres jack ?-I think hes still _in bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A./; /B. the; theC. the; /D./; the 34.Many people are still in _habit of writing silly things in _public places. A. the ; theB./; /C. th

31、e; /D./; the 35.She is _newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the; theB. the ; /C. a; /D. a ; the 36.Wouldnt it be _wonderful world if all nations lived in _peace with one another? A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the 37.Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade today. A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD./;the 38. Paper money was in _use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century. A. the ; /B. the; theC./; theD.