確定主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)的三個(gè)原則

1、主謂一致一、確定主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)的三個(gè)原則1. 語(yǔ)法上一致的原則根據(jù)用作主語(yǔ)的名詞的詞尾變化，或用作主語(yǔ)的代詞的形式來確定謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)或人稱。The boy plays football.The boys play football well.1 在“主語(yǔ)+系語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)”中，系動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致，不受其標(biāo)語(yǔ)的影響Their greatest concern is the children.The most appreciated gift was the clothes that you sent us.What we need most is booksPaul is friends with

2、 Bill.2 與修飾主語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)連用，謂語(yǔ)至于主語(yǔ)保持一致along with, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, as much as, no less than, including, besides, except, but, likeThe factory with all its equipment has been burnt.You as wll as I are wrong.The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner p

3、arty tonight.2. 概念上一致的原則有時(shí)根據(jù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)詞尾并不能確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，說話人要表達(dá)的概念而起著決定性的作用。也就是說，要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的具體含義來確定它的數(shù)，而不是只看表面的詞尾變化。My family are all early risers.（指家中的全體成員，有復(fù)數(shù)含義）His family has moved into the new house. （指整個(gè)家，用作單數(shù)）Five minutes is enough. （一整段時(shí)間，看做單數(shù)）The crew are waiting for instructions from the captain. （

4、指全體船員，有復(fù)數(shù)含義）3. 鄰近一致原則在某些句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并不是與整個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致，而是要與并列主語(yǔ)中距離它最近的的名詞或代詞保持?jǐn)?shù)或人稱上的一致。or, eitheror, neither/notnor, not onlybut also, not butNeither he nor they are wholly right.Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.Either your key or my key is missing.Not only th

5、ey but also their teacher has participated in the party.He or I am in the wrong.二、謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式的情況1 動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式或主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)Reading is a great pleasure in life.To live means to create.That we need more time is obvious.2 數(shù)詞或“數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（表示時(shí)間，距離，金額，重量，大小，體積等）”作主語(yǔ)。Eight hours of sleeo is enough.Five is an odd number.A

6、hundred miles is quite a drive, isnt it?Five tons is a heavy load.Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.3 復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)The Philippines consists of more than 7,000 islands.The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City.4 “many a/ more than one+單數(shù)名詞” 作主語(yǔ)Many a little makes a mickle.積少

7、成多。More than one grammatical mistake was found in his composition.5 表示鳥獸魚群的詞如 a flock of birds, a pack of dogs, a pride of lions, a herd of cattle, a school of fish 作主語(yǔ)A flock of birds is circling overhead.The herd of cattle is breaking away.那群牛跑散開去。三、 主語(yǔ)含有 and時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)形式1 “單數(shù)名詞+ and +單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。J

8、oe and Bob are smart.He and I are good friend.The Poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.那位詩(shī)人和那位小說家都出席了會(huì)議。2 如果有 and 所連接的并列主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.這位政治家兼詩(shī)人戎馬一生。A teacher and novelist is going to make a speech in the hall.一位教師兼小說

9、家將在禮堂里發(fā)表演說。A/The +單數(shù)名詞（人）+ and + 單數(shù)名詞（人）+ 單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人身兼兩種職務(wù)A/The +單數(shù)名詞（人）+ and + a/the + 單數(shù)名詞（人）+ 復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)指不同職務(wù)的兩個(gè)人The conductor and composer was greeted by crowd of people.樂隊(duì)指揮兼作曲家受到了眾多人的歡迎。The conductor and the composer were greeted by crowd of people.樂隊(duì)指揮和作曲家受到了眾多人的歡迎。3 有些用and 連接起來的單數(shù)名詞，由于關(guān)系密切，已被看做一個(gè)整體

10、，因而作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Knife and fork 刀叉， needle and thread 針線， a cup and saucer 帶茶托的茶杯，a horse and carriage 馬車， trial and error 正誤實(shí)驗(yàn)法， law and order 法律和秩序Law and order has been established.法律和秩序已經(jīng)建立起來了。Bread and butter is our daily food.涂黃油的面包是我們的日常食品。Fish and chips is a popular fast food.炸魚加炸薯?xiàng)l是一種大眾化的快餐。The star