醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞匯(前后綴,詞根)

1、Medical TerminologyDifferent professions have different languages. An example of this is auto maintenance: automobile mechanics use terms to describe the objects and situations they encounter while working, such as master cylinder and oil filter. Comparatively, medical workers use terms to describe

2、the objects and situations encountered in their fields, such as hepatitis and intravenous. The words - or terms - which make up the language of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical field, or Medical Terminology.Like every other language, medical terminology has changed over tim

3、e. The basis for medical terminology; however, remains the same. The majority of medical terms are based in Latin or Greek. RootsWord RootDefinitionabdominabdomenacanththorny, spinyacetabulacetabulum (hip socket)acouhearingacrextremities; heightactinray; radiusadenoidadenoidsadenglandadrenaladrenal

4、glandadrenadrenal glandaerair; gasalbuminalbuminalgesipainalveolalveolusamblydull; dimamniamnionamnionamnionamylstarchandrmaleangivesselanisunequal; dissimilarankylcrooked; stiff; bentantrantrumananusaortaortaaponeuraponeurosisappendicappendixarchefirst; beginningarteriarteryarteriolarteriole (small

5、 artery)arthrjointarticuljointatelimperfect; incompleteatheryellowish; fatty plaqueatriatriumaurearautselfaxillarmpitazoturea; nitrogenbacteribacteriabalanglans penisbilifebilbileblastdeveloping cellblephareyelidbrachiarmbronchbronchusbronchiolbronchiolebucccheekbursbursa (cavity)calccalciumcancerca

6、ncercarcincancercardiheartcarpcarpals (wrist bones)caudtail; toward the lower part of the bodyceccecumceliabdomen (abdominal cavity)cephalheadcerebellcerebellumcerebrcerebrum, braincerumincerumen (earwax)cerviccervixcheillipchirhandcholangibile ductcholgall; bilecholedochcommon bile ductchondrcartil

7、agechorichorionchromcolorclavicclavicle (collarbone)claviculclavicle (collarbone)colcoloncolpvaginaconidustconjunctivconjunctivacorepupilcornecorneacoronheartcorticcortex (outer layer of body organ)corpupilcostribcranicranium (skull)crycoldcrypthiddenculdculdesaccutaneskincyanbluecyespregnancycystbl

8、adder; saccytcelldacrytear, tear ductdactylfingers or toesdenttoothdermatskindermskindextrrightdiaphorsweatdiaphragmatdiaphragmdipltwo; doubledipsthirstdiskintervertebral diskdiverticuldiverticulumdorsback (of the body)duodenduodenumdurhard; dura materdynampower or strengthechsoundectoplocated away

9、from usual placeelectrelectricity, electrical activityembryembryo; to be fullemmetra normal measuesencephalbrainendocrinendocrineenterintestinesepididymepididymisepiglottepiglottisepisivulvaepitheliepitheliumerythrredesophagesophagusesthesisensation, sensitivity, feelingeticause (of disease)faciface

10、femorfemur (upper leg bone)fetfetus; unborn childfibrfibrous tissue, fibersfibulfibula (lower leg)gangligangliongangliongangliongastrstomachgerold age; agedgerontold age; agedgingivgumglomerulglomerulusglosstongueglucsweetness; sugarglycsugarglycossugargnathjawgnosknowledgegonseedgravidpregnancygyne

11、cwomangynwomanhembloodhematbloodhepatliverherniherniaheterotherhidrsweathisttissuehomsamehomesameness; unchanginghumerhumerus (upper arm bone)hydrwaterhymenhymenhypnsleephysteruterusiatrmedicine; physicianichthyfishileileumiliiliumimmunimmuneiridirisiriirisischiischiumischdeficiency; blockageisequal

12、; samejejunjejunumkalpotassiumkarynucleuskeratcorneakerathorny tissue; hardkinmovementkinesimovement; motionkyphhumplabilipslabyrinthlabyrinthlacrimtear duct, tearlactmilklaminlamina (thin; flat plate or layer)laparabdomenlarynglarynxlatersideleismoothleukwhitelingutonguelipfatlithstone; calculuslob

13、lobelordbent forwardlymphlymphmacrabnormal largenessmammbreastmandibulmandible (lower jawbone)mastbreastmastoidmastoidmaxillmaxilla (upper jawbone)meatmeatus (opening)melanblackmeningmeningesmeniscmeniscus (crescent)menmenstruationmentmindmetruterusmononemorphform; shapemucmucusmycfungusmyelbone mar

14、row; spinal cordmyelonbone marrowmyosmusclemyringeardrummymusclenarcstupornasnosenatbirthnecrdeath (cells; body)nephrkidneyneurnervenoctnightnyctnightnyctalnightoculeyeoligscanty; fewomphalumbilicu; navelonctumoronychnailooegg; ovumoophorovaryophthalmeyeoptvisionorchidtestis; testicleorchitestis; te

15、sticleorchtestis; testicleorganorganormouthorthstraightosteboneotearoveggoxoxygenpachythickpalatpalatepancreatpancreaspapillnippleparathyroidparathyroid glandparbear; give birth to; laborpatellpatella (kneecap)pathdiseasepartbear; give birth to; laborpectorchestpedchild; footpelvpelvis; pelvic bonep

16、erineperineumperitoneperitoneumpetrstonephaclens of the eyephageat; swallowphaklens of the eyephalangpharynxphasspeechphlebveinphotlightphrenmindphysinatureplasmplasmapleurpleurapneumatlung; airpneumlung; airpneumonlung; airpodfootpoligray matterpoikilvaried; irregularpolyppolyp; small growthposterb

17、ack (of body)primfirstproctrectumprostatprostate glandpseudfake; falsepsychmindpubpubispuerperchildbirthpulmonlungpupillpupilpyelrenal pelvispylorpylorus (pyloric sphincter)pypuspyrfever; heatquadrfourrachivertebra; spinal or vertebral columnradicnerve rootradiculnerve rootradiradius (lower arm bone

18、)rectrectumrenkidneyretinretinarhabdrodshaped, striatedrhinnoserhytidwrinklesrhiznerve rootsalpingfallopian (uterine) tubesarcflesh; connective tissuescapulscapula (shoulder bone)sclersclerascolicrooked, curvedsebsebum (oil)septseptumsialsalivasigmoidsigmoidsinussinussomatbodysomnsleepsonsoundsperma

19、tspermatozoan; spermspermspermatozoan; spermsphygmpulsespirbreathe; breathingsplenspleenspondylvertebra; spinal or vertebral columnstapedstapes (middle ear bone)staphylgrapelike clusterssternsternum (breastbone)stethcheststomatmouthstrepttwisted chainssynovisynovia; synovial membranesystemsystemtars

20、tarsals (ankle bones)tarsedge of eyelid; tarsal (instep of foot)tendintendontendtendontentendontesttestis; testiclethermheatthoracthorax (chest)thrombclotthymthymus glandthyroidthyroid glandthyrthyroid glandtibitibia (lower leg bone)tomcut; sectiontontension, pressuretonsilltonsilstopplacetoxicpoiso

21、ntrachelneck; neckliketrachetracheatrichhairtympaneardrum; middle earulnulna (lower arm bone)ungunailureterureterurethrurethraurinurine; urinary tractururine; urinary tractuteruterusuvuluvulavaginvaginavalvvalvevalvulvalvevasvessel; ductvenveinventriculventriclevertebrvertebra; spinal or vertebral c

22、olumnvesicbladder; sacvesiculseminal vesiclesviscerinternal organsvulvvulvaxanthyellowxerdry PrefixesPrefixDefinitionawithout or absence ofabfrom; away fromadto; towardanwithout or absence ofanaup; again; backwardantebeforeantiagainstapouponbitwobintwobradyslowcatadowncontogethercontraagainstdefrom;

23、 down from; lack ofdiathorough; completedisto undo; free fromdysdifficult; labored; painful; abnormalectooutside; outerendowithinepion; upon; overesoinwardeunormal; goodexoutside; outwardexooutside; outwardextraoutside of; beyondhemihalfhyperabove; excessivehypobelow; incomplete; deficientinin; into

24、; notinfraunder; belowinterbetweenintrawithinmalbadmesomiddlemetaafter; beyond; changemicrosmallmultimanyneonewnullinonepanall; totalparabeside; beyond; aroundperthroughperisurrounding (outer)polymany; muchpostafterprebefore; in front ofprobeforerebackretroback; behindsemihalfsubunder; belowsuperove

25、r; abovesupraabovesymtogether; joinedsyntogether; joinedtachyfast; rapidtetrafourtransthrough; across; beyondtrithreeultrabeyond; excessunione Suffixesacpertaining toalpertaining toarpertaining toarypertaining toealpertaining toialpertaining toicpertaining toouspertaining toagraexcessive painalgiapa

26、inapheresisremovalaseenzymeastheniaweaknessatresiaabsence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closurecapniacarbon dioxidecelehernia; protrusioncentesissurgical puncture to aspirate fluidcidalkillingclasiabreakclasisbreakclastbreakclysisirrigating; washingcoccus (pl. cocci)berryshaped ( a form of ba

27、cterium)crineseparate; secretecritto separatecytecelldesissurgical fixation; fusiondromerun; runningectasisstretching out; dilatation; expansionectomyexcision or surgical removalectopiadisplacementemesisvomitingemiablood conditionerone whoesisconditioniasisconditiongensubstance or agent that produce

28、s or causesgenesisorigin; causegenicproducing; originating; causinggramrecord; x-ray filmgraphinstrument used to recordgraphyprocess of recording; xray filmingiacondition of diseased or abnormal stateiatryphysician; treatmenticianone whoictalseizure; attackismstate ofitisinflammationlepsyseizurelysi

29、sloosening; dissolution; separatinglyticdestroy; reducemalaciasofteningmaniamadness; insane desiremegalyenlargementmeterinstrument used to measuremetrymeasurementmorphform; shapeodiasmellodyniapainoidresemblingologistone who studies and practices (specialist)ologystudy ofomatumor; swellingopiavision (condition)opsyto viewoorhagiarapid flow of bloodorrhaphysuturing; repairingorrheaflow; excessive dischargeorrhexisruptureosisabnormal condition (means increased when used with blood cell word roots)ostomycreation of an artific