法醫(yī)毒理學(xué)考試試卷

1、蘇 州 大 學(xué)05級法醫(yī)班法醫(yī)毒理學(xué)考試試卷（B）學(xué)號 姓名 成績 一、 名 詞 解 釋 （每題3分，共18分）1、Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 2、Addiction3、Intoxication4、Alcoholic hyaline body 5、Delayed encephalopathy of CO intoxication6、Drug dependence 二、填空題（每題1分，共20分）1、Deaths caused by ingestion, injection, snorting, or inhalation of drugs fall into four cat

2、egories by manner: , , , and 。2、After preliminary acid-base procedures are carried out, and the tissue or fluid sample is now a drug sample, examination continues in two steps: (1) tests, and (2) testing.3、我國多份統(tǒng)計資料顯示法醫(yī)中毒尸檢中，以 為最多見，其中絕大多數(shù)為 ；其次為 中毒，再以后依次為安定藥、殺鼠劑、氰化物等。4、Aside from blood, the best mater

3、ial to analyze for alcohol is . After it, the next-best tissue to analylze for alcohol is 。5、At autopsy of an individual who has died of an overdose of heroin, the lungs are , Microscopic examination of the lungs commonly reveals with talc crystals and cotton fibers.6、中毒后能夠發(fā)生抽搐癥狀的毒物有： 、 、番木鱉堿、 、 等。7

4、、蛇毒的有毒成分主要是 ，蛇毒主要可分為 毒和 毒。三、選擇題（每題1分，共10分）1、Most deaths caused by acute alcohol intoxication occur with blood alcohol levels of. A: 100 mg/dl B: 200 mg/dl C: 400 mg/dl D: 800 mg/dl2、Isopropanol is not in itself toxic. it is the that are made it. A: assimilation B: dissimilation C: translation D: met

5、abolites3、Cocaine causes sudden death by mechanisms A: cardiac arrhythmia B: cardiopulmonary arrest C: A and B D: THE OTHER REASON4、Fentanyl can be taken many patches, the most common is A: with the intravenous route B: with the orally route C: with the smoked route D: with the snorted route5、Lead i

6、s the major cause of heavy-metal toxicity in present-day society，the correct saying is A: ages 18 years to years 35 yearsB: Children more vulnerable than adults C: adults more vulnerable than Children D: police and worker 6、After the tricyclic antidepressants, the “drug” most responsible for suicida

7、l deaths in our experience (though it has been the first in other series) is not a drug, but A: mixed drug overdose B: drugs C: benzodiazepines D: diazepam.7、In all autopsy cases, at a minimum, blood , urine , bile , and vitreous should be collected if available. All specimens should be collected wi

8、th A: a new plastic B: a clean needle and a new syringe. C: a clean plastic D: a plastic container.8、The tissue of most importance for analysis is in Forensic toxicology. A: blood B: renal C: vitreous D: urine9、能夠引起肝小葉中央?yún)^(qū)肝細(xì)胞壞死變性的毒物有 A: 砷化物 B: 四氯化碳 C:氯仿 D: 以上三者都可10、毒物化驗結(jié)果為弱陽性，考慮那種可能 A: 毒物是否進(jìn)入機(jī)體 B:毒物是

9、否在死后進(jìn)入機(jī)體 C:毒物分析是否正確 D: 以上三者都可能四、問答題（每題10分，共40分）1、影響毒物毒作用的因素？ 2、please describe the Mechanism of cyanides toxicity？3、有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥中毒的中毒機(jī)制？4、急性乙醇中毒的中毒癥狀？五、案例分析題：（共12分）xx年x月x日，某旅游公司高級旅游船載著一行二十四人的旅游團(tuán)，于當(dāng)天下午一時離開某縣深渡碼頭，前往某游覽區(qū)游覽，預(yù)定當(dāng)晚在xx縣毛竹源碼頭上岸。然而，當(dāng)晚游船沒有到達(dá)目的地。次日清晨，在景區(qū)最大的黃泥嶺水域，發(fā)現(xiàn)了濃煙滾滾的游船，甲板上已空無一人。待救援人員撲滅船火，將游船拖到就近的X

10、X縣上江埠碼頭后，在船的底艙發(fā)現(xiàn)了二十四名游客和隨行的兩名導(dǎo)游及六名船員的尸體。 （一）現(xiàn)場勘查：游船新舊程度中等，總長二十四點七一米，寬五點四米，排水量六十八點七五噸，航速十八點五六公里，乘員定額一百人。該船有三層。主甲板以下一層由前向后有兩個空船及船員艙、油艙、機(jī)艙和舵機(jī)艙；主甲板上由前向后有駕駛室、小賣部、主客艙、衛(wèi)生間、廚房；最上層由上等艙和一個帶雨篷的平臺組成。經(jīng)初步勘查，發(fā)現(xiàn)駕駛室、主客艙及上等艙的外壁油漆已全部燒毀，露出鐵銹紅色鋼板；主客艙兩側(cè)上方甲板經(jīng)煙熏呈黑色；主客艙下船體外側(cè)，吃水線以上，各有七米被油漆燒毀；船前后兩側(cè)藍(lán)色油漆完好。（二）現(xiàn)場清理：現(xiàn)場共清理出尸體三十二具，

11、其中船員艙內(nèi)有二十七具（一至二十七號）、油艙與船員艙之間門坎上有一具（二十八號）、油艙內(nèi)有四具（二十九至三十二號），其中船員艙的尸體大部分集中在艙右側(cè)。尸體處于仰臥位（包括坐仰）者共十四人，俯臥位者六人，跪位三人，蹲位二人，側(cè)臥位七人。有的死者互相擁抱，有的死者手指們在木板縫中，在木板上明顯留下指們的槽形痕跡。艙內(nèi)清理出項鏈、手表及其他雜物許多。油艙中部貼后壁有一個 200 x 250 X 80厘米的油柜，三個側(cè)面均被煙熏黑。油艙存油無外漏。中艙遺留旅客遺物較多。船上發(fā)現(xiàn)一只汽油桶，不是游船原有的。船上原有配備的救生設(shè)備及滅火設(shè)備基本未動用。（三）尸表檢查：一層船員艙入口處尸體燒毀嚴(yán)重，其余尸

12、體上半身及頭部熱傷嚴(yán)重。在許多人身上可查到能證明身份的證件及大量財物（主要是錢幣，如美元、臺幣、人民幣及項鏈、金手鏈、玉鐲、手表、耳墜等）。其中有九人將財物置于隱密部位：四人置于鞋襪內(nèi)，二人置于內(nèi)衣褲內(nèi)，二人置于陰部，一人將金耳環(huán)放在風(fēng)衣左油管卷折處。（四）尸體解剖檢驗：三十二具尸體中共解剖了二十二具。解剖可見尸體氣管及支氣管、小支氣管中均有多少不等的煙灰和炭末，有幾例還能見到氣管內(nèi)有凝血塊。皮下組織及肌肉呈鮮紅色，心臟內(nèi)充滿凝血塊。其中十三具尸體胃內(nèi)可見食物，量在五十至一百五十克左右。主要為可辨的飯粒、青菜、筍、肉本祥物，并有煙灰炭末。發(fā)現(xiàn)一具女尸右前臂有克雷氏骨折。其他均未發(fā)現(xiàn)有機(jī)械性損傷

13、。（五）實驗室化驗：由于尸體燒毀嚴(yán)重，組織收縮變小，取六具比較完整的尸體組織、血液作碳氧血紅蛋白分析，其含量高達(dá)百分之四十至百分之七十。請結(jié)合以上資料，分析案件性質(zhì)，游船上人員死亡原因，作案對象，作案人員估計，案件現(xiàn)場狀況，推斷著火電等，并規(guī)劃出下一步偵查范圍？蘇 州 大 學(xué)05級法醫(yī)班法醫(yī)毒理學(xué)考試試卷（B）答案一、 名 詞 解 釋 （每題3分，共18分）1、Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ：A disorder occurring in children born to alcoholic women who continue to drink heavily during

14、pregnancy. Common abnormalities are growth deficiency (prenatal and postnatal), altered morphogenesis, mental deficiency, and characteristic facies - small eyes and flattened nasal bridge. Fine motor dysfunction and tremulousness are observed in the newborn. 2、addiction 吸毒：某些人為了變換情緒或誘導(dǎo)欣快感，非法使用明令禁止的藥

15、物的行為。3、intoxication 中毒：機(jī)體由于毒物的作用，器官、組織、細(xì)胞代謝、功能和（或）形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)遭受損害而出現(xiàn)的疾病狀態(tài)稱為中毒。4、alcoholic hyaline body is fibrillar proteins of intracytoplasmic inclusions within swollen hepatocytes; these cells contain little or no fat, It is a characteristic of alcoholic hepatitis. Mallory bodies are also found in some

16、other diseases.5、Delayed encephalopathy of CO intoxication is clinically characterized by a recurrence of neurologic or psychiatric symptoms, This recurrence is preceded by a temporary asymptomatic period (lucid interval) of variable duration (usually 23 weeks) after a recovery from the acute stage

17、of CO intoxication.6、drug dependence 藥物依賴性：是指由依賴性藥物與集體相互作用并產(chǎn)生特殊精神和軀體狀態(tài)，表現(xiàn)為強(qiáng)制性連續(xù)不斷使用藥物來取得特定的心身效應(yīng)，或以此避免藥物戒斷綜合征出現(xiàn)。二、填空題（每題1分，共20分）1、Deaths caused by ingestion, injection, snorting, or inhalation of drugs fall into four categories by manner: homicide , suicide , accident , and undetermined .2、After prel

18、iminary acid-base procedures are carried out, and the tissue or fluid sample is now a drug sample, examination continues in two steps: (1) screening tests, and (2) confirmation testing.3、我國多份統(tǒng)計資料顯示法醫(yī)中毒尸檢中，以 農(nóng)藥 為最多見，其中絕大多數(shù)為 有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥 ；其次為 CO 中毒，再以后依次為安定藥、殺鼠劑、氰化物等。4、Aside from blood, the best material to

19、analyze for alcohol is vitreous. After it, the next-best tissue to analylze for alcohol is muscle.5、At autopsy of an individual who has died of an overdose of heroin, the lungs are heavy and show congestion, Microscopic examination of the lungs commonly reveals foreign-body granulomas with talc crys

20、tals and cotton fibers.6、能夠引起中毒后發(fā)生抽搐癥狀的毒物有：番木鱉堿、有機(jī)磷、有機(jī)氯、毒鼠強(qiáng)、雷米封等。7、蛇毒的有毒成分主要是蛋白質(zhì)和多肽，蛇毒主要可分為神經(jīng)毒、血液循環(huán)毒。三、選擇題（每題1分，共10分）1、C 2、D 3、C 4、A 5、B 6、A 7、B 8、A 9、D 10、D四、問答題（每題10分，共40分）1、影響毒物毒作用的因素？ 毒物本身的因素： 進(jìn)入機(jī)體的毒物量毒物的理化特性毒物的相互作用：獨立、相加、協(xié)同、增毒 機(jī)體的因素：年齡體重性別健康狀況營養(yǎng)狀況習(xí)慣性過敏性體內(nèi)蓄積2、please describe the Mechanism of cya

21、nides toxicity（1）Cyanide ions bind to the iron atom of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa3) in the fourth complex in the mitochondrial membrane in the mitochondria of cells. This deactivates the enzyme, and the final transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen cannot be completed. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produ