裸眼3d技術(shù)-論文外文翻譯正文終稿

1、New Glasses-Free 3-D Approach Could Work on Thin, Flexible Displays新式3D眼鏡變得透薄柔性3D televisio n was heralded as the breakthrough tech no logy of the 2010 Consumer Electronics Show. Hot on the heels of James Cameron eye-opening Avatar, 3D HDTVs were everywhere on the show floor.3D電視被譽為2010消費電子展的突破性的技術(shù)。

2、當年詹姆斯卡梅隆的阿凡達令人大開眼界，掀起 3D熱潮，3D電視在展會上隨處可見。One year later, at CES 2011,3D was back again this time iterating. We saw bigger 3D HDTVs, 3D displays that didn require special glasses,and camcorders that captured 3D content.一年后，在 CES 2011 上, 3D又回來了 -這一次我們看到更大的 3D電視，3D 顯示器，不需要特殊的眼鏡，和3D攝像機拍攝。But where is 3D

3、now? It s certainly not showing up big on our CES 2012 radar, and now looks like over-hyped tech no logy in hin dsight especially to those of us who always thought 3D s natural home was in the movie theater, not the living room.但是現(xiàn)在的3D展現(xiàn)在哪里？至少在 CES 2012上，并沒太多亮點。人們似 乎開始察覺到，3D技術(shù)也許被過分追捧。有些人認為， 3D技術(shù)源生適合

4、于影 院而非客廳，更加不看好3D電視技術(shù)。In deed, a variety of obstacles high prices, a lack of 3D content, andun comfortable viewi ng experie nces have kept 3D TV adopti on in the sin gle digitsn ati on wide. Manu facturers and content providers are work ing to address these issues,but one has to won der if 3D was not

5、hing but a flash in the CES pan a tech no logystory rather tha n anything con sumers actually wan ted.事實上，有許多因素導(dǎo)致 3D電視銷售不好-價格太高、內(nèi)容缺乏、體驗較 差等等。雖然廠商和電視制作人正努力解決這些問題，但人們不得不懷疑，3D電視是否是用戶真正的需要，抑或只是科技史上的傳說、CES展廳的曇花一現(xiàn)呢？In 2010, consumerspurchased a paltry 1.1 million 3D TV units, and although sales have grown

6、 in the two years since, the widespread 3D fervor that TV manufacturers were anticipating never took root.2010 年，消費者購買僅了 110 萬 3D 電視設(shè)備，雖然近兩年這個數(shù)目有所 增長，但 TV 開發(fā)商們已然后悔進入 3D 電視市場。According to a January Display Search report, just more than 23 million 3D TVs were shipped in 2011 worldwide, with only 3.6 m

7、illion shipped in the U.S.根據(jù)Display Search一月份的報告顯示，全球總共發(fā)貨 2300萬3D電視設(shè) 備在 2011年，但只有 360萬是發(fā)往美國。Display Search analyst Paul Gagnon says that U.S. household penetration for 3D TVs is at about 3 percent.“To be fair, 3D TVs have only been available for sale in aGagnosignificant way for about 18 months, so

8、that s why the penetration is so low, says. “That said, it s still lower than what many in the industry had hoped for.Display Search分析師保羅Gag non說，美國家庭普及3D電視是百分之3。平心而論，3D電視只出售了 18個月，滲透非常低，” Gag no說。也就是說， 它仍然低于許多行業(yè)所希望的。 ”Markets like China and western Europe are seeing far more enthusiasm for 3D TV th

9、an in North America, but worldwide adoption is still likely less than 2 percent.中國和西歐市場，對 3D 的熱情更勝于美國北部，但在世界各地推廣仍有 可能低于百分之 2。So what s to blame?那么，到底應(yīng)該怨誰呢？The content, for one.電視內(nèi)容難辭其咎“We have disappointed our audience multiple times now, and because of that I think there is genuine distrust whereas

10、 a year and a half ago, there was genuine excitement, enthusiasm and reward for the first group of 3D films that actually delivered a quality experience, ” Dreamworks animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg said in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter.“我們已經(jīng)讓觀眾失望很多次了，我覺得他們真的是失望了。反而一兩年前，3D電影有著很棒的體驗，那真是

11、觀眾激動、市場狂熱、收獲頗豐，JeffreyKatzenberg夢工廠首席動畫設(shè)計師接受好萊塢報道采訪時這樣說道。reAfter Avatar, a string of unsuccessful, rushed-to-market 3D flicks weat you, Clash of the Tita ns zoomed to theaters hop ing to cash in on the craze. Moviegoers were left with a bad taste in their mouths (and oftentimes headaches, too, as 3D

12、 viewing can cause eyestrain). Since then, better-quality 3D films like Tron: Legacy,and, more recently, Tin Tin and Hugo, have tried to improve 3Dsimage. Meanwhile, small-screen content providers have branched out to provide live and on-demand 3D offerings.阿凡達之后，一系列倉促上映、不太成功的 3D 小制作就是在說你，諸神之戰(zhàn)企圖能從影院

13、狂賺一筆，觀影愛好者卻敗興而出(還常伴有頭暈癥狀，3D視角容易導(dǎo)致視覺疲勞)。此后，一些3D電影質(zhì)量有所提高，試圖改善人們對 3D 的印象，例如創(chuàng)：戰(zhàn)紀和最近的丁丁歷險記 、雨 果。與此同時，小屏幕 3D 電視內(nèi)容開始出現(xiàn)，提供 3D 實時和點播視頻服Currently, there are 55 3D channels worldwide, including ESPN 3-D. Another 35 channels offer 3D content on-demand.目前，全世界有55個3D電視頻道，包括ESPN-3D。還有35個頻道提供 3D 節(jié)目點播。If content and

14、a disillusioned audience are the biggest problem, that s bad for manufacturers: They have zero control over the content side of the equation.如果電視內(nèi)容和觀眾灰心是最大的問題，那么制造商一定會很頭疼：他們 沒法控制電視內(nèi)容。To this end, 3D TV manufacturers are doing whatever they can to make the 3D viewing experience as pleasing and troubl

15、e-free as possible. This includes doing away with uncomfortable, unattractive 3D glasses, which have also been cited in studies as barriers to consumer adoption. LG, for one, has announced it s making 3D glasses thatarelighter and more stylish.為此， 3D 電視廠商極盡所能使得 3D 觀賞體驗?zāi)軌蜉p松愉悅。研究包括如 何使 3D 眼鏡使用更舒適、外形更具

16、吸引力，這些都是阻礙消費者接受的因 素。例如LG公司就宣稱，他們的3D眼鏡更輕更有型。But even handsome 3D specs cant mitigate the headaches and fatigue suffered by some viewers of 3D content, or the high prices of 3D TVs.但有型的 3D 眼鏡仍不能緩解部分人群觀賞 3D 視頻時的頭疼和眼疲勞癥 狀。 3D 電視高昂的價格也是一種阻礙。So, yes, 3D TVs are expensive. And they can cause headaches. And

17、 they arensupported by a lot of q uality content. All of which begs the question: Who s buyingthese things at all?所以，是的， 3D 電視價格昂貴，并且能引發(fā)頭疼、還缺乏足夠的內(nèi)容支 持。那么不得不問一聲：到底是誰在購買這些東西呢？The existing sales, however paltry, can be attributed to consumer desire to purchase high-end TVs. Consumers dont really want 3

18、D specifically, but if they wantthat priciest, top-of-the-line unit, theyll receive 3D capability whether they like it ornot. “ Sometimes consumers are even unaware that theyre getting a 3D set at the time of purchase,” Futuresource Consulting s Fiona Hoy said.目前的銷售情況，很難歸因于消費者購買高端電視的消費意圖。消費者并 不是真正需要

19、 3D 特性，只是說在選擇高價位、高端產(chǎn)品線時，可以接受附帶 的 3D 功能?！坝袝r候用戶都沒有意識到（自己購買的是一臺 3D 電視）?！?英國 未來咨詢記者費歐娜 ?霍伊說。Whatever the reason for purchase, the most recent studies indicate consumers are slowly warming up to 3D. An October report from the Digital Entertainment Group found that the majority of 3D TV owners say the exp

20、erience is positive: 88 percent of those surveyed rated 3D picture quality positively, and 85 percent of those 3D TV owners prefer to watch more than half of their programming in 3D.無論購買意圖如何，最近的調(diào)查都表明消費者并不太熱衷購買 3D 設(shè)備。 十月份的數(shù)字娛樂集團報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)購買 3D 電視的用戶都表示，價格昂 貴不是壞事： 88%的被調(diào)查用戶認為 3D 影像質(zhì)量不錯， 85%用戶表示希望以 3D 形式

21、觀賞大部分電視節(jié)目。As prices come down, more content becomes available, and 3D glasses improve （or are replaced by glasses-free technology）, 3D TV adoption will only increase. Whether we reach the near 50 percent adoption rates that have been projected for 2014 and 2015 is yet to be seen. But whether you lik

22、e it or not, 3D does not appear to be in its death throes just yet.隨著價格的下降， 3D 電視節(jié)目的增多、 3D 眼睛性能提升（或者被無需眼 鏡技術(shù)取代）,3D電視會越來越普及。預(yù)計到 2014和2015年，3D電視的普及 率將達 50%，至于能否實現(xiàn)，讓我們拭目以待。無論你是否看好，3D 顯示技術(shù)還沒到彌留的時候。Yes, we ll see new 3D displays and accessories at CES next week, but you canrest assured the manufacturers

23、-reachionvgehr ype campaigns are over.是的，我們會看到最新的 3D 顯示器和各種周邊設(shè)備，在下周的 CES 展 上，不過你大可放心， 3D 制造商們胡吹亂嗙的炒作活動是不會再有了。Three-dimensional television and the like got a major marketing push nearly two years ago from the consumer electronics and entertainment industries, yet the technology still has major limita

24、tions. Whereas glasses-free 3-D on television screens and computer monitors is seen as crucial to generating widespread interest in new consumer electronics, for the most part, viewers still need to wear glasses to experience stereoscopic 3-D images, although glasses-free TVs are starting to hit in

25、Japan.近兩年來，主要在消費類電子產(chǎn)品和娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)市場的推動下，三維電視及 相關(guān)產(chǎn)品獲得了長足發(fā)展，但其技術(shù)仍然有很大的局限性。盡管 3D 電視屏幕 和電腦顯示器等新興消費類電子產(chǎn)品能否做到無需佩戴專門眼鏡對能否引起人 們普遍興趣至關(guān)重要，盡管裸眼 3D 電視已經(jīng)在日本落戶，然而對大部分觀眾 來說，他們?nèi)匀恍枰宕餮坨R才能體驗到 3D 立體圖像。The use of 3-D sans specs has been much more successful in smaller screens such as smartphones and portable gaming devices. B

26、ut these LCDs must be backlit to work properly which can be a big battery drain and limits how small the gadgets can be made.無需佩戴眼鏡的裸眼 3D 技術(shù)已經(jīng)成功應(yīng)用在了如智能手機和便攜式游戲 設(shè)備的小屏幕上。但是，這些液晶顯示器必須要背光照明才能正常工作，這就 帶來了更大的電池消耗，以及限制了它們體積的進一步小型化。Now a team of researchers in South Korea is developing an approach to autoste

27、reoscopic 3-D using tiny prisms that would enable viewers to see threedimensional images without glasses on organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) screens. Because OLEDs do not need to be backlit thegyet their lighting from organic they can be thinner, lightercompounds that emit light in response to el

28、ectric current and more flexible than LCDs. The innovation is detailed in a paper published in the August 30 issue of Nature Communications. （Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group.）如今韓國的研究人員正在開發(fā)一種自動立體 3D 顯示技術(shù)，利用微型棱 鏡，使觀眾能在有機發(fā)光二極管（ OLED ）屏幕上欣賞到三維圖像。由于有機 發(fā)光二極管本身能通過電流使有機化合物發(fā)光，不需要背光照明，因

29、此可以做 得比液晶顯示器更輕、更薄，更有柔韌性。 （科學(xué)美國人是自然出版集團的 一部分。）The researchers from Seoul National University, Act Company and MinutaTechnology used an array of microscale prisms placed on a screen to create a filterthat guides light directionally. Using such a prism array which the researchers refeto as a lucius pri

30、sm after the Latin word meaning shining and bright they wereto display an object on the screen that could be seen only when viewed from a particular angle. They were also able to manipulate light intensity such that two distinctly different images could be shown from the same screen one to a viewers

31、left eye and a second image to the right eye. Seeing the two images together creates a sense of depth that the brain perceives as 3-D, without the help of special eyeglass lenses.首爾國立大學(xué)、 Act Company 和 Minuta Technology 的研究人員利用安置在 屏幕上的一個微型棱鏡陣列，作為過濾器來定向引導(dǎo)光線。利用這種棱鏡陣列 （研究人員把它稱之為“盧修斯”棱鏡，在拉丁語中意思是“閃耀和明亮” ）

32、， 就能夠在屏幕上顯示一個只有從特定角度才能看得到的物體。他們還能夠控制 光的強度，這樣兩個明顯不同的圖像能夠在同一屏幕上顯示出來，一個顯示在 觀眾的左眼，另一個顯示在右眼。左右眼同時看見這兩個圖像時，就會產(chǎn)生一 種大腦認為的立體層次感，而無需佩戴專門眼鏡。The lucius prism array described in the paper is a four-centimeter square, yet the researchers estimate the size could be enlarged to that of a smartphone screen or even a

33、 video monitor. The prism array was made from photocurable polyurethane acrylate (PUA), although any kind of transparent polymer could be used, says Hyunsik Yoon, a professor at Seoul National Universitys School of Chemical and Biological Engineering in South Korea and a researcher on the project.文件

34、中所描述的 “盧修斯 ”棱鏡陣列是一個 4 厘米的正方形，但研究人員估 計它可擴大到智能手機屏幕甚至視頻監(jiān)視器那么大。這種棱鏡陣列由固化聚氨 酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)制成，當然任何一種透明聚合物都可用于制作這種棱鏡陣 列，韓國首爾國立大學(xué)化學(xué)與生物工程學(xué)院教授兼該項目研究員 Hyunsik Yoon 說道。Another approach to glasses-free 3-D has been to generate 3-D holograms. Researchersat the University of Arizonas College of Optical Sciences (OSC)

35、in Tucson, Ariz., last year reported developing technology that can write and rewrite such holograms onto a photorefractive polymer every two seconds using a laser. Whereas fluid motion via such holographic images remains elusive, OSCs pulsed laser can write information into an array of holographic

36、pixels, or hogels, that convey three-dimensional depth by showing different sides of the object depending on the viewers angle to the hologram. It can be used to provide full parallax viewers can move not only from side to side but also up and down to see different perspectives, according to Nasser

37、Peyghambarian, chair of photonics and lasers at OSC.另一種不用佩戴眼鏡產(chǎn)生 3D效果的途徑是利用生成的3D全息圖像。去年OSC的研究人曾有報道稱在亞利桑那州圖森的亞利桑那大學(xué)光學(xué)科學(xué)學(xué)院（ 員正在研發(fā)一種新技術(shù)，利用一束激光把上述的全息圖像每隔兩秒寫入和復(fù)寫 到一種光致折變聚合物上。光學(xué)科學(xué)學(xué)院利用脈沖激光把信息寫入到一組全息 像素里，觀眾對全息圖像的觀察角度不同，物體所呈現(xiàn)出的各個側(cè)面也就不 同，這樣就能表現(xiàn)出物體的三維立體層次感，但這種全息圖像還無法表現(xiàn)流體 運動。按照光學(xué)科學(xué)學(xué)院光子學(xué)和激光系主任 Nasser Peyghambaria

38、n 的說法， 這種技術(shù)可用于提供全視差圖像，觀眾不僅可以從一側(cè)移動到另一側(cè)，還能上 下移動不同的觀察角度。Yoon notes the distinction between his work and that of OSC: The work done by Peyghambarian is about the hologram-type autostereoscopic 3-D display. Although it could be the ultimate goal of 3-D displays, our optical film can be used and is applic

39、able for commercialized LCD and OLED devices by just putting the film on the display panel. The 3-D displays resolution can be improved by shadow mask technology already developed in the OLED industry to deposit materials on selective areas, Yoon adds. One criticism of shadow mask evaporation, howev

40、er, is that it does not scale well to large-size screens and is not conducive to high-volume manufacturing, although this is not likely an issue yet for Yoon and his colleagues (pdf).Yoon這樣評價他的研究成果與和 OSC之間的區(qū)別：“Peyghambarian研制 的是一種全息圖像型的自動立體 3D顯示器。盡管那可能是3D顯示器的終極目 標，但我們的光學(xué)薄膜能運用而且適合運用在商業(yè)化的 LCD 和 OLED 設(shè)

41、備上， 僅僅只需在顯示面板上裝上薄膜。Yoon補充說道，可以通過OLED產(chǎn)業(yè)成熟的 蔭罩技術(shù)，在特定區(qū)域用沉積法鍍上一層特殊材料，來提高 3D 顯示器的分辨 率。然而，蔭罩蒸鍍讓人詬病的一點是它不能很好的擴展到大尺寸屏幕，不利于大批量生產(chǎn)，不過這對于 Yoon 和他的同事來說問題不大In addition to research done by Yoon and OSC,3Ms Optical SystemsDivision announced in 2009 that it had developed a 3-D optical film for handheld devices that

42、enabled autostereoscopic 3-D viewing on mobile phone, gaming and other handheld devices without the need for glasses.Seoul National Universitys work differs from 3Ms in that the 3M film cannot be used for OLED devices, which have no backlight unit, Yoon says.除了 Yoon和OSC完成的研究成果之外，3M公司的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)部在2009年宣布它開

43、發(fā)了一種用于手持設(shè)備的 3D 光學(xué)薄膜，無需眼鏡就可以在手機、游 戲和其他手持設(shè)備上實現(xiàn)自動 3D 立體視覺效果。 Yoon 稱與首爾國立大學(xué)的研 究成果不同的是，3M的薄膜不能用于OLE設(shè)備，因為它沒有背光單元。Smartphone makers are already bringing 3-D handsets to market worldwide. The HTC EVO 3D and LG Optimus 3D feature 11-centimeter displays that use parallax barrier screens to provide a 3-D effec

44、t. Such a screen is made with precision slits that allow each eye to see a different set of pixels. When placed in front of an LCD, the screen creates a sense of depth using the parallax effect (each eye views an object from a slightly different angle). Unfortunately, this approach requires the view

45、er to look at the screen at a very specific angle in order to experience the 3-D effect.智能手機廠商已經(jīng)在全球市場上推出了3D手機。宏達的EVO 3D和LG的Optimus 3D 11 厘米顯示器的特點是利用視差格柵屏幕來實現(xiàn) 3D 效果。這種屏 幕由許多精密的夾縫構(gòu)成，能讓每只眼睛都能看到不同的像素組合。如果在液 晶顯示器前面安置這種屏幕，由于視差效果(每只眼睛從稍微不同的角度看物 體)的緣故，就會產(chǎn)生一種立體層次感。不幸的是，這種方法需要觀看者從某 個特定的角度去看屏幕，才能體驗到3D效果。Micros

46、oft is developing glasses-free 3D technology that follows viewers movements and projects images directly into their eyes.微軟正在開發(fā)一項裸眼 3D 技術(shù)，該技術(shù)能追蹤不斷移動的觀眾，將影像 直接映入他們眼里。Existing 3D screensthat do not require glasses, including Nintendo rescently launched 3DS handheld console, can only be viewed from spe

47、cific angles.現(xiàn)有的裸眼3D技術(shù)，如Nitendo最近發(fā)布的一款3DS手持設(shè)備，所放映出 來的影像要求觀眾必須從特定角度觀看。But the new technology from Microsoft?s Applied Sciences Group in California uses cameras to track viewers? positions and alter the angle of projection. Sending different images to viewers? right and left eyes createshte 3D effect.

48、但是位于加利福尼亞州的微軟應(yīng)用科學(xué)小組開發(fā)的新技術(shù)能利用攝像頭定 位觀眾的位置并即時調(diào)整影像的投射角度，向觀眾的雙眼投射不同的影像以制 造出 3D 效果。The technology is scalable and applicable to all device sizes from mobile phones to laptops to large walls,? Stevie Bathiche, the group?s research director, told The Engineer. ,The approach stays low cost even on very big s

49、creens“這項技術(shù)可廣泛應(yīng)用于手機，筆記本電腦和壁掛型顯示器各類大小設(shè)備，”該小組研究主任Stevie Bathiche告訴The Engineer說，“即使應(yīng)用在大尺寸 屏幕上，成本也很低?！盩he system uses a wedge-shaped lens to steer light from movable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to the viewers? eyes. Light enters at the thinner, bottom end of the lens and bounces around until reaching the desired angle and emerging from the front of the lens.該技術(shù)的原理是，可移動的發(fā)光