初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)課件

1、初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài),Review of Tenses,1、The Simple Present Tense 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 常與every day , on Sundays, sometimes , often ，usually ,always,等連用 結(jié)構(gòu) ： 1、主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 Eg. I have a meeting on Sundays . They visit their parents once a month,注: 主語(yǔ)(三單)+ 動(dòng)詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)+其他,Eg. She likes it very much. S

2、he usually goes to school at 7 oclock every morning,動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式,在動(dòng)詞后+s 在以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞+es 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞， 先變y 為i，再加es 特殊 have-has 等,help guess fly make leave fix swim know,play close go study get read bring watch,寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式,carry do wash visit exercise enjoy jump have,s,ies,es,s,es,s,s,s,es,s,i

3、es,s,s,s,has,es,s,s,es,s,s,es,ies,s,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)否定式,be + not dont do / doesnt do,II 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式,1.Be 動(dòng)詞的否定式: be + not,I am a teacher. You are a worker She is a doctor We are friends,Im not a teacher You arent a worker She isnt a doctor. We arent friends,is not=isnt are not=arent,否定句,2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱時(shí)，它與助動(dòng)詞Does有關(guān)

4、，但是動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)一定要恢復(fù)為原形。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是其他人稱時(shí)，它與助動(dòng)詞Do有關(guān),I like English. She likes it very much. We go to work by bike,I dont like English. She doesnt like it very much. We dont go to work by bike,否定句,概念：用 yes 或 no 來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句叫做一般疑問(wèn)句。 一般疑問(wèn)句句首的第一個(gè)詞一般讀得比較重,III一般疑問(wèn)句,1.對(duì)于be 動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)句要求把be 提前，第一人稱變成第二人稱,疑問(wèn)句,I am a teacher,Are you a

5、 teacher,You are a worker,Are you a worker,He is a student,Is he a student,We are friends,Are you friends,2.對(duì)于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)句要求是：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)時(shí)，句子前面加does，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是其他人稱時(shí)，句前加do ，第一人稱(I/we) 換第二人稱(you,I often go there. You like the music. He goes to work by bus . We /You/They like it,Do you often

6、go there ? Do you like the music.? Does he go to work by bus ? Do you/they like it,1.He has a meeting on Sundays . 2.He goes to school at seven in the morning . 3.My father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays. 4.We do our homework after school,把下列句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句,Does he have a meeting on Sundays ,Does

7、he go to school at seven in the morning,Do your father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays ,Do you do your homework after school ,exercise,把下列句子改為否定句,1.My father has an egg for breakfast . 2.Li Lei does his homework after school. 3.We do our homework at home. 4.They have a meeting every morning,M

8、y father doesnt have an egg for breakfast,Li Lei doesnt do his homework after school,We dont do our homework at home,They dont have a meeting every morning,1.We often _ (play) in the playground. 2. He _ (get) up at six oclock. 3. _ you _ (brush) your teeth every morning? 4.What _ he usually_ (do) af

9、ter school? 5.Danny_ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 6.Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7.She _ (watch) TV with his parents every evening. 8._ Mike _(read) English every day,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式及助動(dòng)詞填空,play,gets,Do brush,does do,studies,goes,watches,Does read,2、一般過(guò)去

10、時(shí),The Simple Present Tense,教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)指動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去 有時(shí)候會(huì)有例如yesterday, last year等表示 過(guò)去時(shí)間的標(biāo)志 一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要要注意動(dòng)詞的變化,be動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,含有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式,She is in Beijing. She was in Beijing . I am a student. I was a student. We are friends. We were friends,含有be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過(guò)去時(shí), 把is和am改成was,把a(bǔ)re改成were,練習(xí),1. She is a teach

11、er. She _a teacher. 2. They are from Japan. They _ from Japan. I am very tired. I _ very tired. He is too young to go to school. He _too young to go to school. 5. You are late for school. You _late for school,was,were,was,was,were,不含be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí),不含be動(dòng)詞的句子改寫(xiě)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 把句子中的動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去式形式。通常有 五種寫(xiě)法,I work in thi

12、s city. I worked in this city last year,They live in Shanghai . They lived in Shanghai last year,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的寫(xiě)法,一般情況， 在動(dòng)詞末尾 加ed,動(dòng)詞以e結(jié)尾的，直接在詞尾加d,3、 輔音加y結(jié)尾，變y為i加ed I study in Beijing. I studied in Beijing,Study,copy Cry ,fly,4、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母加ed she stops. she stopped,5 、特殊 I go to school by bike every day.

13、I went to school by bike yesterday,例如：have/hashad, go-went, eat-ate, say-said thinkthought, come-came,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞練習(xí),I think you are right. I thought you were right. She eats an apple every week. She ate an apple an hour ago,3、一般將來(lái)時(shí),The Future Simple Tense,教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn),一般將來(lái)時(shí),相對(duì)于講話時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),tomorro

14、w 明天 next week 下周 the day after tomorrow 后天 soon 不久 in the future 在將來(lái) in+一段時(shí)間 多久之后才,The Future Simple Tense,1.will+動(dòng)詞原形 (I /we shall) 2.be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 3.be+v-ing 4.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),結(jié)構(gòu),1.will/shallv原形 表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，“要,會(huì)” Eg. 1) She will go to the park tomorrow. 2) I will return home as soon as I finish my t

15、ask,2、be going to + v原形 表示打算做某事 表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。 - What _do this evening? - I am going to do my lessons. 看那些烏云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain,is going to,are you going to,3. be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示安排和計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 我們明天動(dòng)身去青島. Were leavin

16、g for Qingdao,6.表示與生日,日歷,課時(shí)安排或交通時(shí)刻表有關(guān)的動(dòng)作(一種規(guī)律) ，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) 常用于轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞如： ( begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close ） Eg. 1、The evening class begins at 19:00. 2、The train starts at two,If 條件句中，動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果我們快點(diǎn)的話，我們也許會(huì)趕上公交車(chē) If it rains tomor

17、row, the travel will be canceled.如果明天下雨的話，旅游將取消,1. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go,Exercise,2. My younger bro

18、ther _be 15 years old next year. A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should,1. The agreement _ come into force next year. Im not feeling well, and I _ go to see a doctor. If you_ _(dont pass) the exam, you will be criticized by your parents,will,will,dont pass,5.How _ you _ spend your holiday? Ive de

19、cided to repaint this room. Oh, have you? What colour _ you _ paint it? The weather is so nice and I am going to sit in the garden. Thats a good idea. I _ join you,will,are,going to,are,going to,4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),Review of the Present Continuous Tense,教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn),知識(shí)要點(diǎn),一.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是表示現(xiàn)在、說(shuō)話瞬間或當(dāng)前一直正在做著的動(dòng)作,Eg: 1.

20、Jenny is watching TV now. 2.I am writing,五.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的判斷,1）一般句中用到表示“在現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, right now, at the moment 或Its+幾點(diǎn)鐘”句型，常判斷用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Eg: Lets go fast .Mr. Wu is waiting for us now. Its six oclock.The children are playing basketball,2)句中用到“Listen！” “Look!” “Keep quiet” “Dont make noise!”等提示語(yǔ)時(shí)，表明說(shuō)話間另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)

21、行，這時(shí)，句子也要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Eg: Keep quiet ! The teachers are talking in the office,She,read,is,ing,now,Listen,The bird,is,sing,ing,二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為:am/is/are +現(xiàn)在分詞.Am/is/are 在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中作助動(dòng)詞用，無(wú)詞義。Am/is/are的選擇運(yùn)用由句子的主語(yǔ)人稱或數(shù)決定,A: I am watching TV at home. B: Dave is cleaning the floor. C: The students ar

22、e seeing a movie,2.將現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，在be動(dòng)詞后面加上not. Eg: Steve is talking to his teacher. The children are eating some apples at my home,Steve isnt talking to his teacher,The children arent eating any apples at my home,四.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式轉(zhuǎn)換,1.將一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句時(shí)， 將句中的is或are提到句首。 Eg: Steve is talking to his teac

23、her . I am singing,Is Steve talking to his teacher,Are you singing,Talk about the people in the picture,Whats he doing? Hes reading,What are they doing? *They are playing basketball.,5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),Review of the Past Continuous Tense,教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相仿，表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻或階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：be（過(guò)去式）+v.ing Eg. I w

24、as reading a novel when you called. 你打電話時(shí)我正在看一本小說(shuō),exercise,Danny _ _(watch) TV, when you sang. I _ _ _ _(play computer game) at this time yesterday,was watching,was playing computer game,6、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：will / shall +be+v.ing Eg. We will be having dinner in a minute. 一會(huì)兒我們就吃飯。 Danny will

25、be playing football an hour later. Danny 一會(huì)兒將會(huì)在打球,Have a try試一試,He_ (watch) TV now. I _(swim) at this time yesterday. She _(see) the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow,is watching,was swimming,will be seeing,Translate翻譯,他們一會(huì)兒就開(kāi)會(huì)。 They will be having a meeting. 我一會(huì)兒就洗衣服。 I will be

26、washing clothes,7、 The Present Perfect Tense 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果. 通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語(yǔ)連用,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),助動(dòng)詞have (has) + V過(guò)去分詞 注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。 否定句：have/has+ not +V過(guò)去分詞 Eg. He has never heard of that before. I have worked he

27、re for 20 years. She has already finished the work. My aunt havent lived in China for 3 years,2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 如for、since 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。（注意：句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種: for: +一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three years,過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since 9 oclock since last week 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間

28、狀語(yǔ)從句 since you came since you got home,注意:for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間,Since,注意點(diǎn)（1）：一些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如come, go, leave, arrive, buy, begin, start, become等不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，這些動(dòng)作需用表示狀態(tài)的詞連用,I have had this coat for one year,試比較,1） I have bought this coat for one year,轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞歸納,1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy catch (get) a cold

29、 borrow come/go /become,have,have a cold,keep,be,2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞 join the army join the Party go to school,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leave fall sleep close open,be dead,be over,be on,be away,be asleep,be closed,be open,4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ) go to school join the a

30、rmy,be in school,be in the army,2) My uncle has come back for 2 days,My uncle has been back for 2 days,3) The train has left for an hour,The train has been away for an hour,4) The twin brothers have joined the army for 2 years,The twin brothers have been in the army for 2 years,注意點(diǎn)（2,have been to 與h

31、ave gone to 的區(qū)別,3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地了”，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里. 試比較： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了。 （人已走，不在這兒,一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，和現(xiàn)

32、在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,分析比較,I saw this film yesterday. （只說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來(lái)的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three year

33、s ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。,注意：句子中如有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night,Exercises,) 1. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;w

34、atch D. will; watch,)2. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live ( )3. His grandma _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead,B,B,D,)4. Where is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. ha

35、s been C. goes D. had gone ( )5. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go,)6. How long have you _ the football team of the school? A. played B. been at C. joined D been on,A,A,D,)7. Where have you _ these days? I ha

36、ve _ to Kunming with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ( )8. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ( )9. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night. A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw,B,C,D,2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),My daughter _(go) out. I _(hear) from her these days.(改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句) They _(leave) for two years. The old man _(die) for 4 months. We _(see) you recently.(否定句,has been gone,havent heard,have