劍橋初級(jí)語(yǔ)法筆記

1、3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：I am doi ng以下動(dòng)詞不可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):likelovewantknowun dersta ndrememberdependpreferhaten eedmea nbelieveforget4、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的疑問(wèn)式：Are you doi ng?5、一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：I do/work/like 等一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來(lái)表示一般性的事實(shí)、有時(shí)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情：I like bigcities.Always/never/ofte n/usually/sometimes常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用：In ever eat breakfast.6、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式：I don the does

2、 n t +動(dòng)詞原形I don t have a bath every day.【every day表每天，作狀語(yǔ)；everyday 表每天的，形容詞】7、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)式：Do you？Do/does主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形Doyouworkon SundaysDoyour friendsliven ear hereDoesAnneplaytenn isWheredoYourfriendsliveHow oftendoyouwashyour hairWhatdoesThis wordmea nHow muchdoesitcostto fly toRome*What do you do? 表示“你是做什

3、么工作的？”8、have/have got（1）have=have gothas=has gotDon t have=haven t gotDoes n t have=has n t gotDo you have=have you gotDoes he have=has he got(2) have表“吃、喝、拿”時(shí)，不能用 have got代替havehave breakfast/l un ch/d innerhave a meal/a pizza/a san dwichhave a cup of coffeehave sth to eat/dri nk(3)下列短語(yǔ)中，要用havehave

4、have a bath/a showerhave a rest/a holiday/a party have a nice time/a good trip/fu n have a walk/a swim/a game have a dream/a n accide nt have a babyhave a look15、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）have done（2）just/already/yetJust 表“剛才” :we ve just arrived.Already 表“已經(jīng)”（在預(yù)料之前）:they ve already arrived .（二beforeyou expected）Yet表

5、“直到現(xiàn)在”（用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）：they haven t arrivedyet.(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與ever (用于疑問(wèn)句中)/never連用：Have you ever played golf ?(4) gone 表 “去而未歸” ：she has gone to China.Been 表“去而已歸” ：he has been to China.(5) How long have you ？She has bee n in Irela nd since Mon day/for three days.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Dan and Kate are married.They have

6、 bee n married for four years.Are you married?How long have you bee n married?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)I m learning English.How long have you bee n lear ning En glish?25、what are you doing tomorrow?I am doi ng somethi ng tomorrow表示“我已經(jīng)安排好明天要做某事/我計(jì)劃明天做某事”I am going to do something.同上(be going to 與 will 的區(qū)別)注意：用一般

7、現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示時(shí)間表、節(jié)目單、火車與公共汽車時(shí)刻表等：The train arrives at .27、will/shall(1) I shall =I will 、we shall=we will :I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.在構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，不可將shall與you/they/it/he/she 等非第一人稱連用：Tom will be late.( 而不能 Tom shall be late.)(2) I ll表“提議或決定做某事:I ll phone you tomorrow.I thi nk I ll/l d

8、o n t th ink I ll 表“決定做某事” ：I thi nk I ll go to bed early tonight.(3) Shall I/Shall we?表“你認(rèn)為好嗎？”28、might=may29、can/could ： could 為過(guò)去式30、must/mustn t/don t need to( 1)表示過(guò)去時(shí)，用 had to 而不用 must： We had to walk home last night.( 2) don t need to = don t have to31、should( 1) I think should/I don t think .

9、should/doyouthink should?( 2) ought to =should32、I have to( 1)表過(guò)去時(shí)，用 had to( 2)表示認(rèn)為有必要做某事或提出個(gè)人看法時(shí)， must 或 have to 都可 以不是表個(gè)人看法時(shí)，只能用 have to ：Eg: You can t park your car here for nothing. You have to pay. (非個(gè)人看法)I t s a fantastic film. You must see it./You have to see it.33、 I used to/I didn t used to

10、/ did you use to ？38、there has been/there have been一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)There was an accide nt last ni ght.Look! There s been an accident.When we arrived at the theatre, there was a long queue outside.This road is very dan gerous. There have bee n many accide nts.Why are those policeme n outside the bank? Ther

11、e s been /there was a robbery.41、反義疑問(wèn)句Have you?/are you?/don t you? 表“對(duì)某事感興趣或感到驚奇”1 ve bought a new car.Oh, have you?記?。呵胺窈罂希翱虾蠓馡t s a nice day, isn t it?That isn t your car, is it?42、 too/either so am I/neither do I(1)句尾too (肯疋)I m happy too.either (否定)I m not happy either.I m happy.So am I(so was

12、 he/so do I/so would I)I m notI m not happyNeither am I(可用nor代替 n either)I am(2) both+復(fù)數(shù)名詞either/neither單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)both(of)theeitherofthese/those n eithermy/your/Paul s 44、疑問(wèn)句(1) is it ?/have you？/do they ?why isn t ?/why don t ？(2) who saw you?/who did you see?(3) 以特殊疑問(wèn)詞開頭的句子，介詞位于句尾：where are you

13、from?(4) what s it like?/what are they like?表詢問(wèn)某事物的情況一新舊、好壞、大小等（5）疑問(wèn)詞whatWhat+名詞What time /what size不加名詞What s your n ame?whichWhich+名詞（物/人）Which train did you catch?不加名詞時(shí)，不指代人Which is biggest?howHow+形容詞/副詞How tall are you?How deep/how heavy/how high/how big What （范圍更廣）Which （選擇較少）What s the capital

14、 of Arge nti na?Which colour do you prefer, pink or yellow?52、不定式與-ing形式動(dòng)詞+不定式wantpla ndecidetry+to (tohopeexpectofferforgetwork/to do/ton eedpromiserefuselear nbe)動(dòng)詞+-i ngenjoystopsuggest+-i ng(do in g/working)mi ndfinish動(dòng)詞+-ing或不定式likelovestartcon ti nue+-i ng/topreferhatebegin55、go togo to work(b

15、e)at workgo to school go to uni versitygo to hospital go to pris ongo to bed go to sleepgo to church go to the ban k/the theatre/the airportgo homego to the doctor/de ntist(be)at school (be)at uni versity (be)i n hospital (be)i n pris on (be)i n bed (be)i n/at church (be)at homego ongo on holiday go

16、 on a trip go on a tour go on an excurs ion go on a cruise go on a strikego forgo for a walk go for a run go for a swim go for a drink go for mealgo(go in g/we nt/gone)shopp ing swimmi ng fishi ng sai ling skii ng joggi ng56、get +名詞（收到/買到/找到某物）get a job/get a letterget + 交通工具get a bus get a train ge

17、t a taxiget +形容詞（變得.）get hungryget cold get tiredget to + 地點(diǎn)（到達(dá)）get to workget to NY(get here/get home)get的短語(yǔ)get in a car get out of a carget on a bus get off a busget married （結(jié)婚） get dressed （穿衣） get lost （迷路）57、do 與 makedodo an examdo a testdo a coursedo homeworkdo houseworkdo somebody a favourdo

18、 an exercisedo the shopp ingdo the wash ing洗衣服do the wash in g-up洗碗do the ironing熨燙do the cook ingmakemake a mistakemake an appo in tme nt make a pho ne call make a list make a no ise make a bed make a film扌白電影take a photograph扌扌照66、名詞在英語(yǔ)中，下列詞語(yǔ)以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn):scissors glasses trousers jea ns shorts tights pyj

19、amas people police以下名詞通常不可數(shù)advice bread furniture hair in formatio n n ews weather worka bottle ofwatera cart on of milka bar of chocolate/ a box of chocolatesa piece of cheesea bottle of perfumea piece of musica bowl of ricea cup of coffeea game of tennis73、the的用法the sun the moon the world the sky

20、the sea the country the police the fire brigade the armythe top the end the middle the leftthe pia no the guitar the trumpetthe radiothe Internet注意：1.television/TV不用 the : I watch TV a lot.但是 can you turn off theTV(=the TV set)2.breakfast/lunch/dinner等不加 the3. n ext/last + week/m on th/year/summer4.

21、 球類名詞前不加the5. 學(xué)科名詞前不加the等不加thethe（地名）1.地域名稱前一般不用theFran ce/Japa n/Peru2.與國(guó)家、島嶼、山脈等名稱的復(fù)數(shù)形the Alps/the Philippi nes/the式連用Netherla nds/the Canary Isla nds3.洋、海、江、河的名稱前用thethe Atla ntic/the Amaz on/theNile/the Black sea4.街道、廣場(chǎng)等名稱前不用thelives in Newton Street/HighfieldRoad/Times Square5.機(jī)場(chǎng)、車站、大學(xué)、城堡等重要建筑K

22、enn edy Airport/L ondon物不用theZoo/Victoria Stati on6.賓館、影院、劇院、博物館的名稱前the Rege nt Hotel/the Natio nal要用theTheatre/the Science Museum7.表方位時(shí)用thethe n orth/south/east/west of77、not + any/no/more(1) not + any二no .二not a(2) no通常用于 have (got) 與 there is/are 之后(3) 動(dòng)詞否定形式+any =動(dòng)詞肯定形式+no(4) no之后接名詞、none可單獨(dú)使用No

23、ne 表示“無(wú)” ；no-one 表示“沒人n obody = not + an ybodyno-one =not + anyonenothing = not + any thi ng80、every/all(1) every +單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(2) everywhere 是畐U詞all most some any no+cities childre n books moneyall(of)themostofthis/that somethese/those anymy/your none83、a lot/ much/many/(a)little/(a)few(1) a lot of

24、 +可數(shù)/不可數(shù)，也可不跟名詞(2) much環(huán)可數(shù)，用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句，也可不跟名詞(3) many復(fù)數(shù)(4)a little+ 不可數(shù)表有一點(diǎn)但不多a few+復(fù)數(shù)表“有一點(diǎn)但是不多”little+ 不可數(shù)表幾乎沒有”few+復(fù)數(shù)表“幾乎沒有”88、a bit older/ much olderA bit older tha nA bit more difficult tha nMuch better tha n Much more expensive than 89、not as asNot as much as .Not as many asThe same as .90、the ol

25、dest/ the most expensive可用最高級(jí) +I ve ever./ you ve ever.等:The film was very bad. I thi nk its the worst film Ive eversee n.What is the most unu sual thi ng youve ever done?91、enough/tooeno ugh for sb/stheno ugh to do stheno ugh for sb/sth to do sth93、詞序(1)(2)之間:drinktoo for sb/sthtoo to do sthtoo for

26、 sb to do sth地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前：we we nt to a party last n ight.always/never/often等詞用于動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞之后，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞always ofte n ever rarely also already all usually sometimes n ever seldom just still bothI alwayscoffee inthe morning.I am always tired.I will always remember you. / I can never find my keys.96、give/ len

27、d/pass/send/show/buy/getgive sth to sbgive sb sthI gave it to注意：當(dāng)某物為代詞it或them時(shí)，用第一種結(jié)構(gòu)比較好:my father.98、when(1)當(dāng)以when開頭時(shí)，兩部分用逗號(hào)隔開：Whenl went out, it wasrai ning.(2) 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于 when之后表示將來(lái)：Lisa will be in Mexico whe n Sarah is in New Y ork.When I get home this evening, I m going to have a shower.(3) before/

28、while/after/until的用法類似：Please close the win dow before you go out.I ll wait here until you come back.99、if(1) if之后常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?What shall we do if it rai ns?(2) if I/you/he/she/they/it hadI/you/he would.if I/it/he/she was 或 if I/it/he/she were .(這里的動(dòng)詞都是

29、過(guò)去式)IfIhad/k new/lived/we ntIwould( nbuyyyout)beoudidn t have/didn titcould( nhaveiknow theyt)twere go.tcould hey在這種句子里，句意表示事實(shí)上這個(gè)假設(shè)不成立：If I had the mon ey, I would buy a fast car.事實(shí)上我沒有錢買車。I wou Idn t go out if I were you.事實(shí)上我不是你。(3)比較if I have/ if it isif I had/if it was I must go and see Helen. If

30、 1 havetime, I will go today. (=maybe I llhave time, so maybe I ll go) I ll help you if I can.(=maybe I can help you) I must go and see Hele n. If 1 had time, I would go today. ( =I don t have time today, so I will not go) I d help you if I could, but I cant .103、at/on/in(1)at （時(shí)間點(diǎn)）8 o clockmid ni g

31、hton （星期、日期、節(jié)日）Su nday/Mo nday 25 April/6 June New Year s Dayin （月份、年份、季節(jié)）April/J une2003/1998summer/spri ng（2）固定搭配at the weeke nd at n ightat Christmas at the end ofat the mome ntin the morni ng in the after noon in the eve ning in five mi nu teson Mon day morning on Tuesday after noon注意：this、last、

32、next、every 等前不用介詞，女口 next year106、in/at/on(1)inin a roomin a shopin the waterin Brazilin the fieldatat the bus stopat the doorat the traffic lightsat her deskat the top/bottom/e nd of(at the age of 21/at 50kilometres an hour/at 100 degrees)onon a shelf on a plateon a bale onyon the flooron a wallon a dooron the eeili ngon