初中名詞講解

1、名詞用法,中考名詞熱點(diǎn)分析 總體占選擇題目的5,名詞的交際運(yùn)用和辨析呈逐年上漲的趨勢(shì),大家來找茬,computer， take coffee， water， run. notebook. bring, table, sport interesting, monday age new actor sell,辨認(rèn)下列哪些不是名詞,名詞（n.,概念： 是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名稱的詞,名詞：nouns,人：jim吉姆 mr.smith 地方：china中國(guó) theyellowriver 黃河 機(jī)構(gòu)：nasa 美國(guó)宇航局 其他：a tale oftwocities雙城記 childrens day

2、兒童節(jié),專有名詞的首字母通常要大寫,普通名詞,例如： 表示東西、事物的。 如book、computer、tree、chopsticks(筷子) 表示個(gè)人的。如 boy 、girl、woman、man、teacher、father 表示抽象概念，像人的情感、品質(zhì)、精神的。如 happiness 、trouble、pleasure（愉快、快樂）、industry（勤勞,可數(shù)名詞c：一個(gè)人、一樣?xùn)|西or一群人、一類東西 不可數(shù)名詞u：物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞,homework half advice money food foot music mouth bread,想想怎么變復(fù)數(shù),pencil-box_

3、 2.wife _ 4.city _ 5.dress _ 6.englishman _ 7.match _ 8.chinese _ 9.zoo _,pencil-boxes,wives,cities,dresses,englishmen,matches,chinese,zooes,2.普通名詞： 指一類人，事、物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱的名詞,普通名詞,個(gè)體名詞,集體名詞,物質(zhì)名詞,抽象名詞,student,family,team,air,wine,love,success,第二節(jié)名詞的功能 名詞可以做除了謂語(yǔ)以外的各種成分 高頻考點(diǎn) 作定語(yǔ) 大多數(shù)情況下名詞用單數(shù)形式做定語(yǔ)。 shoe store

4、 但有些名詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式作定語(yǔ),當(dāng)你犯錯(cuò)的時(shí)候你離不錯(cuò)的時(shí)候就更近了一步！ 1. all the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on march 8th, because it was their own holiday. 08資陽(yáng) a. man b. men c. woman d. women,第三節(jié).可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)變化 非選擇題的一級(jí)重點(diǎn)（會(huì)拼寫） 1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化: 1).一般情況下，在名詞詞尾加s work 2).以輔音字母s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加es bus brush watch box,works,buses,brushe

5、s,watches,boxes,1. these (box) are heavy. we cant carry them. 04貴陽(yáng) 2. the man with _(眼鏡) is a visitor to our college. 04佛山,glasses,boxes,3).以o結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加es或s 有生命+es potato tomato hero negro,potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,negroes,無生命+s zoo , radio, photo, piano, zero, 1david took a lot of _ (photo) in mochou

6、lake park last weekend07南京,zoos,radios,photos,pianos,zeros,photos,4).以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)變化的規(guī)則。 先將y變?yōu)閕，再加es, family city lady 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞或元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s boy key,families,cities,ladies,boys,keys,5).以f或fe結(jié)尾的專有名詞，先將f活fe變成v再加es 幫你巧記憶： wife拿knife去宰wolf ， thief看到發(fā)了慌; 躲到shelf后self保命， half片樹葉障目光,特殊有些以f結(jié)尾，是直接加s

7、的，如 , roof, belief, proof, 1we should give our _（生命）for our country04哈爾濱,lives,2.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化: 1).變內(nèi)部元音 man - foot - 1. how many times do you brush your (tooth) every day? 09常州,men,feet,teeth,2).詞尾加en,或ren child- ox - 3).單復(fù)數(shù)同形: chinese, japanese , sheep, deer, fish, 7. there are more _(sheep) in austr

8、alia than in japan. 09宿遷,children,oxen,中國(guó)人和日本人很愛護(hù)綿羊、鹿和魚,sheep,4).復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化： 主要詞改為復(fù)數(shù)： passer-by passers-by路人； father-in-law fathers-in-law 前后兩詞均該復(fù)數(shù)： man servant- men servants; woman nurse- women nurses,how many sheep? foot? wolf,補(bǔ)充 1)字母、數(shù)字、引語(yǔ)或縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在其后加 s 或s 2).表示有幾個(gè)叫的人在人名之后加s 1. there are four _a

9、nd two _at the_.08寧波 a. johns, marys, doctors b. johns, marys, doctors c. johns, marys, doctors d. john, mary, doctors,第三節(jié)不可數(shù)名詞和數(shù) 1.常見的不可數(shù)名詞： 專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞在一般情況下為不可數(shù)名詞。 air love 2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)(五級(jí)考點(diǎn)) 數(shù)詞或冠詞+量詞+ of + 不可數(shù)名詞 中考高頻詞 piece: a piece of news /advice /bread cup: a cup of tea,欠練只是傳說，效果第一！ 1. good m

10、orning, madam. can i help you? sure, id like _ for cooking vegetables. 09黃岡 a. two cups of tea b. three pieces of bread c. one bowl of dumplings d. five kilos of oil 2.mr .smith always has _ to tell us. 07青島a. some good pieces of news b. some pieces of good news c. some good piece of newes d. some p

11、iece of good newes,3.分辨可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞（四級(jí)重點(diǎn)） “一分為二鑒別法,可數(shù)不可數(shù)好分辨，名詞所示物分兩半。 如每半不能叫原名，那該詞可數(shù)最公平。 每半還能把原名叫，不可數(shù)名詞就遇到。 有的名詞時(shí)兩面堵，意變不可數(shù)為可數(shù),翠花上題 1 .we need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once.09通化 a. information b. advice c. idea d. news 2. father went to his doctor for _.08孝感 a. an advice b. advices

12、 c. some advice d. the advices 3. how many _ do you want every week? 08瀘州 a. milk b. water c. apples 4. they got much on the internet . 07天津 a. photo b. ideas c. message d. information,第四節(jié)名詞所有格,絕對(duì)重要三級(jí)考點(diǎn) 還需要關(guān)注非選擇題 名詞所有格構(gòu)成,s所有格,of所有格,雙重所有格,1.s所有格的構(gòu)成一級(jí)重要 表示有生命的名詞的所有格 s所有格的構(gòu)成 1).單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞 詞尾沒有s的，也要加

13、s mona lisa smile, mens room 1. june 1st is _ day. (child) 04長(zhǎng)春,children s,2).名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)（即詞尾已有s），則只加“”。 ladies hats 20where is the_ desk ? can you help them to find it? (twin) 05云南模擬 3).兩個(gè)名詞并列， 分別有s則表示“分別有”； 只有一個(gè)s則表示“共有”。 johns and marys rooms各有一間 john and marys room 共有一間,twins,the presidents and the go

14、rilla s faces,1. this is_ bedroom. the twin sisters like it very much. 04湖北 a. anne and jane b. anne s and jane s c. anne s and jane d. anne and jane s 4).復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ)， s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾 a month or twos leave,5).else常用于不定代詞，疑問代詞或疑問副詞后，表示另外，其他 所有格為“elses” who elses book is this? (who elses=whose else,2.of 所有格：

15、 of+名詞 1).表示無生命東西的所有關(guān)系. 2).有生命的名詞的s所有格和of所 有格可以互換 the girls name=the name of the girl,3雙重所有格： 雙重所有格的兩種形式: of + 名詞性物主代詞 of + 名詞所有格 a cousin of my fathers a friend of hers/ours,my fathers,hers,看看綠色！ 重點(diǎn)來了！ 第五節(jié)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)(二級(jí)重點(diǎn)) 中考最?？嫉模覀?cè)诖~部分我們介紹過 高頻 1.只修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)： few(否) a few（肯） many several,2.只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)

16、： little （否） a little（肯） much 3.即可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞: some a lot of lots of,1.the letter from my uncle was short. there wasnt news. 09廣州 a. many b. a few c. much d. few 2.im new here. i feel lonely because i have _friends to talk with. 09龍巖 a. few b. many c. little 3.you look very tired this morning. w

17、hat did you do yesterday afternoon? i did christmas shopping. 09廣州 a. a lot of b. a few of c. a number of d. a piece of 4. theres _ milk at home. we have to buy some this afternoon. 08山西 a. a little b. little c. a few,補(bǔ)充考點(diǎn) 1).復(fù)合形容詞（第六等級(jí)） “數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 ”構(gòu)成 中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式只能用單數(shù)。 1. each of us has to write a

18、 report every two weeks. 09廣州 a. two-hundred-word b. two-hundreds-word c. two-hundreds-words d. two-hundred-words 2a new study proves a _walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat09哈爾濱 a30一minute b30 minutes c30一minutes,2).a number of和 the number of的區(qū)別 前者只修飾可數(shù)名詞表示許多 后者表示的數(shù)目 考的關(guān)鍵是

19、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇， 前者表示復(fù)數(shù)概念， 后者表示單數(shù)概念,只修飾可數(shù)名詞,許多,的數(shù)目,第六節(jié)名詞辨析（交際運(yùn)用） 是中考未來的趨勢(shì)，也是一級(jí)重點(diǎn) 總結(jié)了高頻場(chǎng)景 1.日常生活場(chǎng)景 和日常生活有關(guān)，生活用品，個(gè)人喜好，電腦，等很多與生活有關(guān)的問題 1.do you like to listen to “mozart”?（喜歡什么） yes. listening to _ is my favorite. 08山東 a. songs b. music c. stories d. news 2. he didnt tell his parents he was going home because h

20、e wanted to give them a _.08山東 a. joy b. surprise c. shock d. happiness 3.after moving to their new house, the lees bought some _ in the mall nearby. 08上海 a. furniture b. chair c table d. shelf,2.吃喝或去飯店場(chǎng)景 點(diǎn)餐要menu，之后要bill. drink后加名詞和eat后加名詞（可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的辨析） 1excuse me, waiterwe are leavingwould you please show us the ? 09十二市 amenu bmoney cbill dlist 2. - mum, im hungry! - oh, you can have some _.08婁