定語從句(經(jīng)典課件

1、Grammar,定語從句精講 （限制性定語從句,Attributive clause (限制性定語從句,先行詞和關(guān)系詞,定語從句,關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句,關(guān)系代詞的使用方法,定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng),附加部分,習(xí)題,定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk,定語從句 在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Ka

2、te. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk,先行詞和關(guān)系詞 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 先行詞、關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞,對(duì)等,代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行詞關(guān)系詞 bike,關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定 語從句中充當(dāng)某種成分,關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句 普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別 I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister I have a sister who/tha

3、t works in Shanghai. 普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she) 關(guān)系代詞： （如上例who/which,1. 除了代替先行詞外， 2.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分， 3. 同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來,說明如下 The building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 從句 which、that 是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the build

4、ing, 同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接 起來,關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致,The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. (主句) The woman is my mother (從句) The woman is speaking at the meeting,主語是單數(shù),The women that/who are speaking at the meeting

5、 are famous scientists. (主句)The women are famous scientists. (從句)The women are speaking at the meeting,主語是復(fù)數(shù),關(guān)系詞判 斷 步 驟 : 首先，要辨別出先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that,然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表,最后，要確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱和數(shù)(請(qǐng)看以上例句,注意,定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。 . The woman who/that spoke at the meetin

6、g yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(敘述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (從句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示過去時(shí)間,定語從句的辨認(rèn)（思考步驟） 找出先行詞 a.確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。 b.確定定語從句的位置 確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格 確定從句的時(shí)態(tài) （定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)都不受主句的限制,關(guān)系代詞的使用方法,定語從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等,that多指物

7、，在從句中作主語或作動(dòng)詞的賓語。（that/which作賓語時(shí)可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you los

8、t? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost,2. which 指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略;作賓語可以省略。 ( which 與that 指物時(shí)可以互相代替，that 更常見。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last n

9、ight was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful,3. who 指人(既它的先行詞必須是人),在從句中作主語或賓語。但whom 是賓格,只能作賓語。(that有時(shí)也指人.代替who,whom,可作主語或賓語,1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates,2) He knew

10、the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday,4.whose 是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen,Ill call a person. His father knows you. Ill call a person whose father kno

11、ws you,Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red,1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of,2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. Sh

12、e is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there,注意: 固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:look after,look at,關(guān)系代詞與介詞 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略,3 )The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.

13、The room where I live is very big,4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter,Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the

14、 children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for,定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng) 有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which 1.從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that引導(dǎo)從句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行詞

15、是all,something,nothing,anything不定代詞時(shí),只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold. 3.先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能用that引出從句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see,4.先行詞是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修飾，用that Is it the one that you want ? We hav

16、ent got much that we can offer you. 5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞 who或which時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting,從例句中看出，who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時(shí)宜用 用who,而不用that 1.先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who

17、has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him,附加部分 關(guān)系副詞,關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有 數(shù)種作用。 在從句中代替先行詞。 在句中作狀語。 連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句,關(guān)系副詞有三種： where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn). ( on/in/at

18、which) when: 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,指代時(shí)間。(on/ inwhich) why: 在從句中作原因狀語,指代原因,關(guān)系副詞的用法： 1.where 的用法：(先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 關(guān)系詞略we stayed at wasnt clean,at the h

19、otel,We stayed,there,先行詞,關(guān)系詞,從句,從句,共有五個(gè)不同的句子來表達(dá),2.when的用法： （先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞） Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口語) Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League,從句,3

20、.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名詞) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party,略,在口語中,關(guān)系副詞where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略,Exerc ses I.Rewrite the sentences II.Choose the best answers III.Tr

21、anslate,I.把下列單句合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句,1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen. 2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike? 3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree. 4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now. 5.The watch is

22、 very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday. 6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday. 7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground,The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street,Have you seen the bike whose colour is green,The stu

23、dent who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us,Where is the man who talked with you just now,The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice,The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interesting,The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher,8. The

24、letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. 9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese” 10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it. 11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees. 12.This is the room. We lived in it last year. 13.The children are ver

25、y healthy. She is looking after them. 14.I know the boy.He can speak English well,The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend,Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese,He works in a school near which there is a big store,This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year

26、. This is the room in which /where we lived last year,The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy,I know the boy who/that can speak English well,He used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees,15.The season is summer.It comes after spring. 16.The man was Amer

27、ican.I spoke to him yesterday. 17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.You are looking for him. 19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it,The season which comes after spring is summer,The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterd

28、ay was American. The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American,I cant find the house (which /that) my friend lives in. I cant find the house in which /where my friend lives,I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for,This is the town (which/that) he was born in. This is the town in which/whe

29、re he was born,Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on? Do you remember the day on which we arrived here? Do you remember the day when we arrived here,II.單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A

30、.where was B.that were C.which was D.where 3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen 4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who 5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.wh

31、ich 6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos 7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose 8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which 9The boy_paren

32、ts died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D/ 10.The man_is smoking is a tailor. A.whom B.who C.which D.what _,A,C,B,D,B,C,C,A,A,B,11Which animal is your favourite? The one _has a long neck. A.which B.that C.it D.who 12.Is this the factory _produces colour TV sets? A.what

33、B./C.which D.where 13.The high building _is a big hotel. A.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking 14Is there anyone _ can answer this question? A.which B.whom C.who D.he 15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here. A.which B.wher

34、e C.it D./ 16.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot. A.that B.which C.for that D.by which 17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today. A.in which B.that C.with which D.where 18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 19.Yesterda

35、y they saw the man and the dog _ran after each other on the road. A.who B.which C.that D.as 20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born. A.which B.what C.whose D.that,B,C,C,C,A,D,B,A,C,A,21.Do you know the man _is painting the house? Of course.Hes my uncle. A. whom B.who C.which D.whose 22.The hospital

36、 _was built last year will open soon. A.where B.which C.who D./ 23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot. A.who B.that C.its D.whose 24.The hospital _his father works in is a new one. A.that B.in that C.in which D.where 26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police. A.his B.who C.whos D.wh

37、ose 27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found. A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for 28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken ？ A.which B.that C.who D.whose 29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked ？ A.who B.whom C.that D.whose 30.This is the book_Im looking for. A./ B.which C.th

38、at D.all the above,B,B,D,A,D,B,D,B,D,31This is the only book _I bought last year. A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B 32.All_Im going to do is good. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B 33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital. A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which 34.This is the best book_I have

39、 read. A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B 35.This is the school_ I worked seven years ago. A.in which B.in that C.which D. that 36.All the books_I put on the desk are yours. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B 37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth. A.which B.the one C that D. the one wha

40、t 38.Is this the river_I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which D.the one 39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street. A. which B. that C .who D.they 40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day? A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it,B,A,A,A,A,A,B

41、,C,B,A,41.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago. A.where B.which C.what D.in which 42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A.whose B.which C which of D.its 43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree 44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson. A.when B.that C.what D.as 45.I dont think the number of people_ this happens is very large. A.who B.to whom C.to which D.that 46.Here is the dress_in the shop window. A.You saw it B.that you saw it C.that saw it D.yo