安全隱患與風(fēng)險分析

1、何培松 益瑞石集團亞太區(qū)EHS經(jīng)理 2008年6月21日,工作場所的安全隱患與風(fēng)險分析,Objectives 目標(biāo),Purpose of doing hazard and risk analysis. 理解進行危險源和風(fēng)險分析的目的 How to evaluate an operations Workplace Hazards and Risk. 掌握如何評估作業(yè)場所的危險源和風(fēng)險 Who should be involved in your analysis. 組建危險和風(fēng)險分析團隊 What to do with the results. 利用分析結(jié)果進行持續(xù)改進,Why Really?

2、意義,It provides a systematic way to analyze the risk in operations in a methodical, proven way. 提供系統(tǒng)可靠的方法分析作業(yè)過程中的風(fēng)險 Risk is provided to management in a prioritized manner, the higher the number of risk the riskier the task or job will be. 將風(fēng)險按優(yōu)先級順序排列呈送給管理層，風(fēng)險等級評分越高，任務(wù)或作業(yè)的風(fēng)險就越高,Why Really? 意義,The proc

3、ess provides to management a picture of the real risk of injury, not what the “gut” tells you it is, or what our employee thinks it is. 這一過程給管理層提供明晰的傷害風(fēng)險，而不是就事論事的經(jīng)驗或我們員工的主觀想像 It helps you identify the elephants 它可以幫助我們識別風(fēng)險造成的影響,Why do Hazard / Risk analysis? 必要性,Potentially 潛在的,Catastrophic 災(zāi)難性的,Doe

4、s the activity have a potential to harm those performing and those near the activity?活動是否存在對從事活動的人員本身或活動附近人員造成傷害的可能,The element(s) of an activity that has a potential to harm is considered its hazard(s). 可能造成傷害的活動的要素被視作危險,I.e.例如： Activity - Spray Painting 活動噴漆 Hazards Chemical Exposure (inhalation),

5、 Chemical Exposure (skin), Chemical Exposure (eyes), Noise, Fire/ Explosion 危險化學(xué)品吸入、皮膚接觸化學(xué)品、眼睛接觸化學(xué)品、噪聲、火災(zāi)/爆炸,Definitions 定義,Definitions 定義,Hazards have 危險具有: RISK possibility of loss or injury. 風(fēng)險造成損失或傷害的可能性 Risk have 風(fēng)險要素: Severity and probability 嚴重性和可能性（概率,Definitions 定義,Severity 嚴重性: If injury o

6、r loss occurs how bad will it be? 如果發(fā)生損失或者傷害的情況，情況有多糟糕？ Probability 可能性（概率）: The potential frequency of loss or injury occurring, increases with exposure to hazard 損失或傷害發(fā)生的潛在頻率,Hazard Examples 危險舉例,Chemical Exposure (Inhalation, Skin, Hands, Eyes) Harmful Dust Noise Exposure Flying Debris / Objects

7、Protruding Objects Extreme Temperatures Point of Operation (I.e crush, nip) Fall, Trip, Slip Strain / Overexertion Electrical Shock Fire / Explosion Light Radiation Falling Objects Sharp Objects Biological,Definitions 定義,化學(xué)品接觸（吸入、皮膚、手、眼睛） 有害粉塵 噪聲曝露 飛濺的碎片或物體 突出的物體 高低溫 高空墜落 絆倒/滑倒 緊張，勞累 電擊 火災(zāi)/爆炸 放射線 墜物

8、砸傷 接觸尖銳物體 生物危險,Hazard Examples 危險舉例,Electrical Shock電擊,Chemical Exposure Eyes眼睛接觸化學(xué)品,Flying Debris/ Objects飛濺的碎片或物體,Engulfment開挖塌方,Fall From高空墜落,Fall From高空墜落,Trip/Slip絆倒/滑倒,Fire/Explosion火災(zāi)/爆炸,Struck by Falling Objects墜物砸傷,Contact With Moving Objects運動物體接觸,Other Hazards其它危險,Other Hazards其它危險,Identi

9、fy discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 識別不同的活動、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識每個APS的危險,Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個APS的危險和風(fēng)險,Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對重要風(fēng)險提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date a

10、nd periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時進行更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起點,Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險/風(fēng)險分析流程,Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 識別相關(guān)活動和參與的人

11、員,Before you can determine your sites hazards you must know what activities are being conducted at your site. 在你判斷場地危險之前，你必須知道在你場地正從事何種活動,Start with a site layout. 從場地平面圖開始 Divide the site into operational / functional areas. 將場地劃分為不同的操作/功能區(qū)域,ACME Site Layout ACME場地平面布置,Identify discrete Activities,

12、 Products, and Services (APS) 識別不同的活動、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識每個APS的危險,Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個APS的危險和風(fēng)險,Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對重要風(fēng)險提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review.

13、 數(shù)據(jù)及時進行更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起點,Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險/風(fēng)險分析流程,Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 識別相關(guān)活動和參與的人員,Recruit individuals k

14、nowledgeable of areas. 招納熟諳區(qū)域的人員 Manager / Supervisors 經(jīng)理/主管 EH&S EHS人員 Employees 職員 Brainstorm to determine area activities. 運用“頭腦風(fēng)暴”來辨別區(qū)域活動 Consider legacy issues as well as current operational issues (I.e. previous injuries) 考慮遺留問題，業(yè)考慮當(dāng)前操作中的問題（如以前的工傷事故,Identify discrete Activities, Products, and

15、Services (APS) 識別不同的活動、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識每個APS的危險,Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個APS的危險和風(fēng)險,Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對重要風(fēng)險提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時進行更新并定期審核,

16、Starting Point 起點,Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險/風(fēng)險分析流程,ACME Plant Activity ACME工廠活動,Hazard Identification Sheet 危險辨識表,Identify discrete Activities, Produc

17、ts, and Services (APS) 識別不同的活動、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識每個APS的危險,Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個APS的危險和風(fēng)險,Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對重要風(fēng)險提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時進行

18、更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起點,Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險/風(fēng)險分析流程,Prioritizing Hazards / Risk對危險/風(fēng)險進行排序,A process should be used to determine how significant

19、 the RISK a hazard can have on workers. 用于判斷某一危險對工作人員造成風(fēng)險程度的過程,Determine Risk of Hazards 判斷危險的風(fēng)險,Rating Tool to Facilitate the Process 幫助判斷的等級評定工具,Hazard Risk Tool 危險風(fēng)險分析工具,Ranking Procedure/評級程序,Review each Hazard and score each hazard individually chosen by team. 審閱每一個危險因素，由組建的團隊成員逐個評分。 Transfer t

20、he average score on Severity and Probability to the Hazard Risk Tool worksheet. 將嚴重性和可能性的平均分輸入到風(fēng)險分析工具表單,Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 識別不同的活動、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識每個APS的危險,Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個APS的危險和風(fēng)險,Determine Hazard

21、 Significance 判斷危險的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對重要風(fēng)險提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時進行更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起點,Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果

22、需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險/風(fēng)險分析流程,Set Objectives 設(shè)立目標(biāo),Set Improvement Objectives to Lower Risk 設(shè)立改善目標(biāo)來降低風(fēng)險 List all of your Significant Hazards/ Risk. (red or yellow ratings) 列出所有重要的危險/風(fēng)險。（紅色或黃色等級) Evaluate Significant hazards (red or yellow ratings) to determine if changes can be mad

23、e to process to reduce the risk so that they are no longer Significant. 評估重要危險（紅色或黃色等級），來判斷如果是否可以通過工藝過程改變來降低風(fēng)險，使其不再成為重要危險,Set Objectives 設(shè)立目標(biāo),Use best possible/ most feasible control 采取盡可能完善和可行的控制措施 Get employee participation in developing operational controls. 讓員工參與提出操作控制措施,What to do with Hazards

24、that have been determined to have a Significant Risk? Focus on Red or yellow ratings對那些判斷有重要風(fēng)險的危險該采取什么措施？集中精力于那些紅色或黃色等級的危險,Elimination/Substitution- removing or reducing the hazard 消除/替代 移除或者降低危險 Engineering Controls workstation design, machine guards, safety controls, isolation of hazardous areas,

25、monitoring devices, etc. 工程控制 工作站設(shè)計、機械防護、安全控制、危險區(qū)域隔離、監(jiān)測設(shè)施等 Administrative Controls - procedures, assessments, inspection, records to monitor and ensure safe practices and environments are maintained. 管理控制程序、評價、檢查、用顯示器記錄、確保維持安全的操作規(guī)范和環(huán)境 Training Controls - initial new hire safety orientation, job specific safety training and periodic refresher training. 培訓(xùn)控制進行新進員工的安全教育、具體作業(yè)安全配許和定期強化培訓(xùn) Personal Protective Equipment 個人防護裝備,Hierarchy of Operational Controls 操作控制的層次,優(yōu)先考慮,次要考慮,Case Study - 案例討論