初中英語被動語態(tài)專題Word版

1、傳播優(yōu)秀Word版文檔 ，希望對您有幫助，可雙擊去除！中考英語被動語態(tài)考點歸納與例析【命題趨勢】被動語態(tài)是各地中考重要考點之一，考察內容主要是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時以及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動，考察題型主要是選擇題，詞匯應用和翻譯句子等，預計2019年被動語態(tài)的考察重在適當語境中應用被動，動詞填空，完成句子等為主考點。【概念講解】語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動詞之間的關系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，漢語往往用被，受，給等詞來表示被動意義,英語里的被字句就叫被動。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過

2、去分詞”構成。Eg: Hewrotetheletter.（主動語態(tài)）Theletterwaswrittenbyhim.（被動語態(tài)）被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只變be的形式，be后面的過去分詞不變，也就是說被動結構中助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化【主動語態(tài)變被動的方法】1. 把主動語態(tài)里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍永锏闹髡Z2. 把主動語態(tài)里的謂語動詞加be作為被動里的謂語3. 把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的by 短語。（by短語可省略， by后的代詞用賓格）【主動變被動解題步驟】 1. 找賓語 -即動作的承受者2. 判斷賓語的單復數(shù) -即be動詞的單復數(shù)3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即be動詞的時態(tài).4. 修改謂語的形式

3、 -即原句動詞改為過去分詞5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+（原主語/代詞則用賓格）.Eg: They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are made by them主變賓,賓變主, 謂動be done 時不變,人稱、數(shù)、格隨著變小試牛刀： （2018寧夏模擬）teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _to drive a car. A are allowed B is allowed C will be allowed D allow 【被動的幾種句式】 肯定句：主be + 過去分詞(by )否定句：主語b

4、e not 過去分詞(by )一般疑問句：Be 主語過去分詞(by )? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞(5W1H)be主語過去分詞 (by ) ？小試牛刀：（2018寧夏預測卷）English is widely used around the world.(試變成以上幾種句式) 【考點歸納：】1、五種常考基本時態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時）和帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)用法。一般現(xiàn)在時：amisare及物動詞的過去分詞Eg:Imaskedtotakecareofmyself.Footballisplayedallovertheworld一般過去時：was/were + 及物動詞的過去分詞

5、Eg:The house was built in 1988 His leg was broken in the car accident.一般將來時：will/shall +be +及物動詞的過去分詞 Eg：More factories will be built in the future. 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been +過去分詞Eg :We have been learnt English for 15 years. Luxun s book has been translated into many languages.帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構成

6、。Eg: Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞”構成,即can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞1. We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.2. They should do it at once. It should be done at once.【主變被的特殊情況】1. 感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態(tài)即feel , hear ,

7、 listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，這些詞在主動句中，其后的動詞不定式不加to，但變被動句時必須加to. Eg: He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.(他昨天讓那男孩工作了兩小時) The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother.2、含雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸?/p>

8、動語態(tài)的用法：英語中有一些動詞可以接雙賓語，如tell,show,buy,ask,pass,write,do,make,sell,send,sing,give,answer,teach,offer,pay,promise,allow等，即是說這些動詞后面會同時出現(xiàn)人和物做賓語，指物的叫直接賓語，指人的賓語叫間接賓語。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時如果指物的賓語作主語，指人的賓語前要用介詞for或to。常見的接雙賓語的動詞有: to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”當主語時，變法和一般的變法一樣；

9、以“物”當主語時，在保留的間接賓語（人）前必須加to或for.Eg：he gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by him.3.含有短語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)不及物動詞沒有賓語，因此沒有被動語態(tài)。但有的不及物動詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類構成短語動詞之后，其作用相當于及物動詞，才可以接賓語，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。在變成被動語態(tài)時，不能去掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞. 常見動詞短語的被動語態(tài) take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh

10、 at be laughed at look afterbe looked after下列這些短語本身即是被動語態(tài)的形式，不需再加by be covered with 用覆蓋著 be interested in 對感興趣 be surprised at 對感到驚奇 be made of （from）用制造的【常見被動句式】 在漢語中，有一類句子不需要出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構來表示，例如：1.據說Itissaidthat2.據報導Itisreportedthat3.據推測Itissupposedthat4.希望Itishopedthat5.眾所周知Itiswellknownthat6.

11、普遍認為Itisgenerallyconsideredthat7.有人建議Itissuggestedthat8.It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認為）.9 It is(was)taken for granted that.被視為當然10.It must be remembered that.務必記住.11. It mustnt be forgotten that.千萬別忘記.12.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.據說(報道、

12、聽說、告知、建議.)例句：1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.【典型例題】 （ ）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giv

13、ing B is given C will give D has given（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regardi

14、ng D. regards（ ）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because

15、of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ ）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保護)the earth since Earth Day.A. is started B. was started C

16、. has started（ ）9. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen（ ）10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden Aplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted（ ）11.Some famous painting

17、s _in the hall next week. A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives（ ）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall bui

18、ldings have been _ these days. A. turned upB. put up C. shown up D. fixed up（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed（ ）15.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned三、課后練習（ ）1S

19、usan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told（ ）2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled dow

20、n（ ）3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped（ ）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite（ ）5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year.A. does; hol

21、d B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold（ ）6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold （ ）7The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. A. has been

22、regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards（ ）8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. paintedB. were painting C. were painted D. had painted（ ）9-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. A, has throw B, was thro

23、w C, must throw D , must be thrown（ ）10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold（ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings（ ）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will b

24、e built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took（ ）15. -I

25、ts difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built （ ）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been t

26、urned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned（ ）17. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken（ ）18. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. mu

27、st be done （ ）19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B. was builtC. has builtD. is built（ ）20. Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be ask一般現(xiàn)在時1A 。解析考查被動語態(tài)，根據句意，“奧運會每四年舉行一次

28、”可見須用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故排除了B、C、D。2答案B。解析本題考查被動語態(tài)，句中a lot of enjoyment是動作的承受者?！霸谶@次藝術展中，一些有趣的東西通過中國國畫展示給外國朋友?！?答案D。解析考查被動語態(tài)。物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態(tài)。4答案A。解析 選用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，表示人們對這位偉大作家的愛戴。5答案C 。解析從句子看，電腦作主語，是動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)，故選C。6. 答案C。解析考查被動語態(tài)物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態(tài)。 一般過去時1答案B?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。物作主語

29、，一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態(tài)。 2答案B。 解析從句意：“自從地球日開始以來，人們已做了一些越來越有用的事保護環(huán)境?！笨芍?，“地球日”的開始，要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其構成為was started故選B。 3. We _into five groups to go to the old peoples home. We did many things to cheer them up. 太原市A. divided B. are divided C. were divided3答案C。解析本題主要考查被動語態(tài)的用法。根據句意及語境可推知空格處應用被動語態(tài)的形式

30、。由后一句We did many things”可推斷，時態(tài)應該是一般過去時。因此選C。4C 5D一般將來過去1答案D。解析 本題綜合考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語為“一些名畫”，在此為動作“展出”的承受者，故應用被動語態(tài)，時間狀語為next week，是表示將來的時間狀語，所以句子時態(tài)是一般將來時，所以D項正確。2B 答案B答案：D。情態(tài)動詞用于被動結構為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。答案為C。句中有every day，主語為our classroom，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。【參考答案】1答案D 解析：依據句意：對不起，但我不知道什么時候見面。強調動作發(fā)生在過去，I 和tell之間是被動關系。2答案B 解析：由題干時間next year 科知識將來時態(tài)，句子主語是old houses ,應用被動語態(tài)。故選B。3答案A 解析：由Lets go to the Lost & Found.可知，說明表丟失了。故選4答案B 解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陳述過去的動作的發(fā)生，I 和invite之間存在著被動關系。故選B。5答案C 解析：How often+一般疑問句？此句型用來提問在某一特定時間內進行某個動作的次數(shù)，表示“多長時間一次”。往往針對頻度副詞如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, someti