中考定語從句專項(xiàng)

1、.定語從句講解及練習(xí) 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞 或代詞 的從句叫做定語從句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格who, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.

2、 who指人，在從句中做主語或賓語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom. 例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the perso

3、n (whom) you talked about. 關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 例如：The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物

4、時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。（在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。） (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問題： 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如： All that he said is true. (2)先

5、行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。 例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如： He talked about the people and the thi

6、ngs he remembered. 只用which/who, 不用that的情況：(1)非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.非限定性定語從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 例如： Charles Smith, who was my former t

7、eacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 （非限) There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)(2) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.5.

8、whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1). He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2). I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3). The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4). Do you like the book whose c

9、olor is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?6. when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is i

10、n the east of the city 8. 介詞關(guān)系代詞是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。 “介詞關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which, 不可用 that 。例:The man who/whom you spoke to is a teacher.The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一 請(qǐng)分析一下定語從句：( 請(qǐng)劃出定語從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)1. Check th

11、e ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would alwa

12、ys take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite comm

13、on in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 二、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man _ you went to see has come.4.The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.Th

14、e woman_ you saw is our geography teacher. 6.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7.The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8.The man _ was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _ you lent me were very useful.11.The storyboo

15、k _ I have just read cannot be easilyforgotten.12.A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book _ is on the table is mine.16.The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never

16、 forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19.Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D.

17、 whose( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D

18、. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. its D. its( ) 9. Would yo

19、u tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( ) 10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that】( ) 11. Do you know the worker _?A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. t

20、hat I often talk( ) 12. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which ( ) 13. Those _ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have ( ) 14. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which

21、 C. whom D. whose( )15. Whats the name of the program_. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening ( )16. - What are your favorite songs?- The songs _ were sung by S.H.E.A. that B. what C. when. D. where( )17. -Do you remember the woman_gave

22、 you a hand when you were in trouble? - Of course. I will remember her all the life.A. what B.whom C. which D. who( )18.I have become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. where C.when D.which( ) 19.- Have you found the informa

23、tion about the famous people_ you can use for the report? - Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet.A. who B.what C.whom D.which( )20. Friends are those_ make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.A. which B.what C.whom D.who( )21. - Is there a right music_ I can d

24、ance to? - Yes ,but I have to look for it.A. whose B. that C.when D.where( )22. She is _ in hospital. I have to look after the _ person.A. ill.sick B.sick.sick C.sick.ill D.both A and B.( )23. How lucky. The police stopped the accident_. .A. at times. B.in time C.on time D.by the time ( )24. - How is your grandma? - She is fine. She used to_ TV at home after supper. But now she used to_ out for a walk.A. watch.go B.watching.go C.watching.going D.watch.going( )25.There is_ with him. He will be all right soon.A. something serious B.serious something C.nothing serious D.serious nothing.( )2