2016廣東汕頭市高考英語二輪閱讀理解練習(xí)(4)

1、.廣東汕頭市2016高考英語（二輪）閱讀理解練習(xí)（4）及答案 （附講解）高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀考前精講精練（答案）閱讀表達(dá)考綱解讀及解題指導(dǎo)高考閱讀表達(dá)把閱讀和寫作巧妙結(jié)合，是一種主客觀題相結(jié)合的題型，旨在全方位、多角度考查學(xué)生的閱讀、思維和語言表達(dá)能力。本題型具有以下特點：一、問題設(shè)置形式靈活多樣，綜合考查學(xué)生的多種基本能力。命題涉及標(biāo)題歸納、意圖判斷、代詞指代、補全內(nèi)容、問題簡答以及結(jié)論等，形成對文章全方位、多角度的考查，能全面、客觀地反映學(xué)生“讀、寫、思、譯”等方面的能力。二、答題客觀性和開放性相結(jié)合，突出思維的開放性，給學(xué)生提供廣闊的思維空間。要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和自己的理解作答，只要符合

2、題目要求，表述準(zhǔn)確，就是正確答案?？忌梢猿浞终故咀约旱恼Z言表達(dá)能力，發(fā)揮思維的多樣性與開放性。三、選材要求文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，信息量大，包含結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的難句，適合命題的多樣性。所選文章一般是一篇具有中等難度的說明文、議論文或應(yīng)用文。解題指導(dǎo)下面對閱讀表達(dá)的命題規(guī)律做一探討，希望對大家備戰(zhàn)2014年高考有所幫助。一、主旨?xì)w納。這種問題要求在把握好全文或某一段內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章(或段落)的主旨大意進(jìn)行歸納。常用的命題方式有：What is the text mainly about? (no more than x words)What is mainly discussed in the

3、text? (no more than x words)What advice is given in the paragraph? (no more than x words)大家在進(jìn)行主旨?xì)w納時，應(yīng)該首先看一看文章首尾段是否對全文進(jìn)行了歸納，如果這樣，我們通過歸納文章首尾段就能得到文章的主旨；如果上述兩種情況都不存在，我們就需要對全文進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。在歸納文章主旨時，一定要注意扣準(zhǔn)能夠體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。二、標(biāo)題歸納。這種題型非常類似于閱讀理解中的標(biāo)題選擇題，即要求考生在整體把握全文的基礎(chǔ)上，用最簡潔凝練的語言歸納文章的標(biāo)題。常用的命題方式有：What would be the best

4、title for the text? (no more than x words)標(biāo)題歸納和主旨?xì)w納在本質(zhì)上是一樣的，因此一篇閱讀表達(dá)不可能同時出現(xiàn)兩種題型，其方法也跟主旨?xì)w納相似，大家可以首先找一找句子的主題句，如果有主題句，可以對主題句稍作加工；如果沒有主題句，就需歸納全文。注意，在歸納文章標(biāo)題時，一要注意扣準(zhǔn)能夠體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞， 二要語言簡潔凝練，富有吸引力和特色。三、意圖判斷。根據(jù)特定信息推斷作者的寫作意圖。常用的命題方式有：For what purpose does the author mention . in Paragraph x?( no more than x wo

5、rds)這種題型非常接近閱讀理解的命題。大家應(yīng)該分清文章的體裁，如果是議論文，一定要找準(zhǔn)作者的論點；如果是說明文，一定要找出作者說明的中心；如果是應(yīng)用文，要看介紹哪一方面的情況，這樣就能基本把握作者的意圖。四、句子填空。結(jié)合上下文, 將短文中的空白處用合適的詞句補充完整, 使短文通順，所填內(nèi)容一般是短語或短句，詞數(shù)要求較少。常用的命題方式有：Fill in the blank in Paragraph x with proper words. (no more than x words)在做這樣的題目時，我們特別需要“瞻前顧后”，通過前后文的提示來確定需要補全的內(nèi)容。五、英文釋義。用英語解釋劃

6、線句子，這種首次出現(xiàn)的題型對考生來說有一定難度，也更能考查考生的語言表達(dá)能力。常用的命題方式有：Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph x.在做這樣的題目時，我們首先應(yīng)該抓住句子的主干意義，不要被一些附加成分所迷惑。六、回答問題。這類題目在命題方面可能會比較靈活，側(cè)重試題的開放性。可以就作者觀點態(tài)度方面提問，也可以根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容提問，還可以是自己的讀后感。常用的命題方式有：What kind of attitude does the author have towards the question? (no more than x words

7、)Why does the author mention in the text? (no more than x words)What does sth. imply? (no more than x words)What can we learn from the text? (no more than x words)在回答問題時注意不要脫離原文內(nèi)容，而應(yīng)該像閱讀理解一樣，找到原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，在此基礎(chǔ)上合理變通，并結(jié)合自己的觀點給出答案。七、陳述個人觀點。這類題目要求大家在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，對原文所涉及的問題、現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思考，給出自己的觀點。題目開放性很強。常用的命題方式有：What d

8、o you think of the question mentioned by the author? (no more than x words)Do you like what is talked about in the text? Why? (no more than x words)這類題目要求大家綜合原文材料，發(fā)揮自己的想象，陳述自己對事物的觀點或態(tài)度。因此大家在答題時一定要觀點鮮明、立場正確，不能含糊不清、不倫不類。八、詞義指代。從閱讀理解中的猜測詞義題演化而來，其做題的思路跟閱讀理解相似，即聯(lián)系上下文，找到代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。常用的命題方式有：What does the wor

9、d (Line x, Paragraph x) probably refer to?這類題目要求考生返回原文，找出指代詞，學(xué)會“左顧右盼”，找出與其最接近的名詞、名詞性詞組或句子替換該指代詞，看意思是否通順，最后確定答案。真題示例(2013山東卷）第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá) (第76、77、80題每題3分，第78題4分，第79題2分，滿分15分) 閱讀下面短文并用英語回答問題，將答案寫到答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上(請注意76、77、79和80四個小題后面的詞數(shù)要求)。 1 Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became

10、a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”2But money . He married five times

11、 and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Gettys children had very happy lives. 3 Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was a miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay

12、telephones in the guests bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills. 4 In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Gettys son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were mercile

13、ss and Gettys son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest. 5 Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value o

14、f the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to

15、 learn about and love art. 76. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words) _77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words) _78. Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3. _79. What did the kidnappers do to Gettys family? (no more than 10 words) _

16、80. What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)_解析：本篇閱讀表達(dá)屬于人物說明文，介紹百萬富翁Getty的傳奇經(jīng)歷。76. 段落大意題。Getty was a self-made millionaire / Getty became rich through his own efforts。由本段后面部分可知本段主要大意為Getty通過自己的努力創(chuàng)造了大量財富。77. 填空題。did not buy happiness for Getty。從下

17、文可知Getty的家庭生活并不幸福。78. 英語釋義題。Although he was very rich, Getty hated to spend money。這是山東卷第一次出現(xiàn)的題型，核心是同詞替換以及句式替換，要體現(xiàn)讓步關(guān)系。79. 細(xì)節(jié)題。They took Gettys grandson and asked for money。根據(jù)題干中kidnappers定位第四段第一句took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return可知綁匪綁架了他的孫子并要錢。80.

18、 推理判斷題。Getty made a great contribution to the art world. / Getty had another side。雖然前面說此人很吝嗇，但最后一段說他花重金建造藝術(shù)博物館，體現(xiàn)的是他對藝術(shù)界的貢獻(xiàn)。閱讀理解 Women, be on your guard. There is a new male excuse for not listening to us.A recent study shows that men find it almost impossible to listen to what women say because the

19、ir brains are out of synch（不同步的）with complex female tones. Apparently, when men listen to other men about the things they care about, they use only the frontal area of their brains. However, when they listen to women its different story. They have to work much harder, employing a part of the brain t

20、hat normally deals with music. So when a man tells you your voice is music to his ears, hes actually telling the truth, though not in a good way. Im sure a lot of women could recall times when they have wasted hours explaining why they are completely right about everything in the world, only to wake

21、 up the next day to discover that not one brilliant point got through. Those times when men havent listened to me, I just thought I was being ignored. I didnt realize I just wasnt singing their favorite music. If Id realized I was being heard as music, I would have had a bit of fun with it. Whenever

22、 I wanted a discussion, Id have brought along my own band, complete with string and horn sections. It is difficult not to be suspicious of yet more scientific findings sparing men the blame because of their biology. Isnt this slaves to biology all-purpose excuse wearing thin? Its enough to make you

23、wonder at what a strange helpless species men are -which part of the body will be beyond their control next. Even if there is something in it, we have to take into account that most relationships are likely to become boring. Thats the truth of the matter. Male or female, your voice might start out a

24、s music to your beloveds ears. But finally it will end up as boredom. When your beautiful tones are there all the time, as they go about their daily business, you start to blend in a bit too much, until finally you become a kind of background noise. 1The author of this passage tries to _. A. throw d

25、oubts on a commonly accepted idea B. explain a commonly accepted idea as it is C. give some advice on a common problem D. argue against a common belief 答案解析：答案為B。本題考查文章的寫作目的。本文第二段就揭示了為什么男性聽不進(jìn)去女性的話的原因，文章后面的內(nèi)容對此進(jìn)行了闡述。故答案為B。2According to the new study, men dont listen to women because _ . A. what women

26、 say are usually boring B. they dont care about what women say C. they cant deal with female voices D. they regard female voices as music 答案解析：答案為C。本題為推理題。由第三段的內(nèi)容可知，男性在聽同性的話語的時候只是用了大腦的前面區(qū)域；然而聽女性的話語的時候，卻更費力，因為要使用通常用來聽音樂的那部分的大腦區(qū)域。故可推斷，男性不聽女性的話是因為他們大腦不能非常容易地處理女性的聲音。故答案為C。干擾性最強的D選項 “他們把女性的聲音當(dāng)成音樂” 與文意不符。

27、故錯誤。3The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph shows that the author is _. A. realistic B. humorous C. serious D. funny 答案解析：答案為B。本題為句意推斷題。結(jié)合第五段的內(nèi)容，作者以女性的口吻談到如果她早意識到她是因為 “音樂”而被男人傾聽，她會為此而感到些許開懷。無論何時，如果她想要一場“討論”，就會帶上自己的樂隊，弦號俱全。故可以推斷，劃線部分的語言顯得幽默。4What does the author think of the finding of the ne

28、w study? A. She thinks it doubtful. B. She thinks it interesting. C. She thinks it needs further proof. D. She thinks it right. 答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由倒數(shù)第三段首句 “It is difficult not to be suspicious of ” 可知，本句話的同義詞就是doubtful.故答案為A。5The author would most probably agree that _. A. men should accept what wo

29、men say B. women should talk less and do more housework C. however beautiful voices may be, they will finally become boring D. the relationship between men and women should always be improving 答案解析：答案為C。本題為推理題。從最后一段 “When your beautiful tones are there all the time, as they go about their daily busi

30、ness, you start to blend in a bit too much, until finally you become a kind of background noise.” 可知，當(dāng)你美妙的旋律每天都出現(xiàn)在男人日常生活中的時候，最后也會變成背景噪音。故答案為C. A、B未提及；倒數(shù)第二段首句提到了 “ most relationships are likely to become boring.” D選項與此不符，故錯誤。閱讀理解- Listen carefully, working people, we would like to tell you something

31、that could save your precious time and money! Best of all, it is free!Its “no”.What do you ask? Well say it again: “No”.Sweet and simple “no”.Say “no” at your office and see how quickly that pile of work on your desk disappears.“Saying no to others means you are saying yes to yourself, ” said Leslie

32、 Charles, a professional speaker from East Lansing, Michigan.“Time is precious. People are spending money buying time. And yet we are willing to give up our time because we cant say no.” Susie Watson, a famous writer, said people who always say “yes” need to say “no” without guilt(內(nèi)疚)or fear of puni

33、shment. “I would rather have someone give me a loving no than an obligated(強制的) yes, ” she said. Susie Watson says she feels “no” obligation to give an explanation when she says “no” either socially or professionally. Does she feel guilty about it? “Not at all, ” said Watson, who is director of adve

34、rtising and public relations at Timex Corp in Middlebury, Conneticut. “Most people are afraid of saying no My advice is to say yes only if you dont mean no.” Watson said “no” is the most effective weapon against wasting time. “Every year there are more demands on your time Other people are happy to

35、use up your time, ” Watson said. Time saving appears to be “nos” greatest friend.“No” can be your new friend, a powerful tool to take back your life. “No” may even take you further in the business world than “yes”.“No” is power and strength. “No” now seems completely correct. “Saying no isnt easy. B

36、ut finally its greatly liberating,” Charles said. But, he added, a “no” project needs to be worked on every day because it is hard to change long-term habit.But, he also warns: “Dont go to extremes. Dont find yourself saying no to everything. In return you should learn to hear no.”1. The sentence “Saying yes to yourself” means _.