命題技術(shù)及改進(jìn)建議.ppt

1、命題技術(shù)及改進(jìn)建議,福建省普通教育教學(xué)研究室吳青梅2008年4月10日 福州,一、聽力理解試題評(píng)析,一）命題技術(shù) 1.聽音選圖片 近年中考聽力測(cè)試中使用頻率最高的題型之一，對(duì)學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單的理解能力考察效率最高,案例1,對(duì)話理解 ：聽對(duì)話，從A、B、C三幅圖畫中選出符合對(duì)話內(nèi)容的圖畫。（泉州卷） 錄音原文： 7. W: Its a hot day, isnt it? M: Yes, it is. 8. W: Do you have a pet? M: Yes, I have a pet. 9. W: Would you like some fish? M: Yes, please. I like f

2、ish very much. 答案：79. ABC,案例2,聽句子，選出與句子意思相符的圖片。（讀兩遍）（龍巖卷） 錄音原文： 1. Monkeys are lovely animals. 2. Janes mother bought a pair of shoes for her yesterday. 3. My uncle is a farmer. He works on a farm. 4. Most children like eating hamburgers. 5. Look! Li Lei is riding a bike to school. (答案：1. D 2. C 3.

3、E 4. B 5. F,但是，有些聽錄音選圖片的題目設(shè)計(jì)的就不是很完美，如： A B C 錄音原文： Its made of potato. Children like eating it very much. But actually its junk food,案例3,2.聽對(duì)話，選擇最佳選項(xiàng) 18. A. His pen. B. His friend. C. His dictionary. 錄音原文： 18. W: What are you doing, Tom? You have put things everywhere. M: Oh, Mum. Have you seen the

4、dictionary that my pen pal sent me? I just cant find it. Q: What is Tom looking for in his room,案例4,15. A. The animals in danger. B. The deaf people. C. The blind children. 錄音原文： 15. W: There is a concert this weekend. M: Yes, I have read about it in the newspaper. W: The singers are trying to raise

5、 money for the blind children. Will you go there? M: Of course. What about you? W: Me, too. Q: Who are these singers trying to raise money for,案例5,3. 聽短文，記錄信息 這也是一種常見題型。課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求學(xué)生具備“能在聽的過(guò)程中用適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞阶龀龇磻?yīng)”的能力，“聽對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，記錄相關(guān)信息”這樣基于完成任務(wù)的題型能夠有效地測(cè)試出學(xué)生的上述能力。如,案例6 （廈門卷） 聽一篇對(duì)話和一篇短文，用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空完成76-85題，每空一詞。聽三遍。 Text A

6、: 根據(jù)聽音內(nèi)容，完成目擊者的筆錄,Text B:根據(jù)聽音內(nèi)容，填寫履行前的計(jì)劃準(zhǔn)備。（錄音原文略,答案： 76. Alice 77. Monday 78. 7:15 79. Garden 80 blue 81. backpack 82. books 83. coat 84. medicine 85. presents,案例7,26. A. Sandy GreenB. Anna GreenC. Sandy Green and Anna Green 27. A. HongkongB. LondonC. Beijing 28. A. CA186B. CA168C. CA618 29. A. 161

7、5，July 5thB. 1630，July 5thC. 1615，July 6th 30. A. 1200 poundsB. 1200 HK dollarsC. 600 HK dollars 答案：26-30：CBBAC,聽選信息。（每小題1分，滿分5分） 下面是CIAC航空公司（CIAC Airlines）的訂票電話記錄單，請(qǐng)根據(jù)你所 聽到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容，選擇正確選項(xiàng)完成信息記錄表,聽選信息。（每小題1分，滿分5分） 下面是CIAC航空公司（CIAC Airlines）的訂票電話記錄單，請(qǐng)根據(jù)你所聽到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容，選擇正確選項(xiàng)完成信息記錄表,聽力錄音： 第四題. 聽選信息。下面是CIAC航空公司

8、的訂票電話記錄， 請(qǐng)根據(jù)所聽到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容，選擇正確的選項(xiàng)完成信息記錄單。 現(xiàn)在你有25秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀26-30小題，對(duì)話讀三遍。 M: What can I do for you, Madam? W: Id like two tickets to London. M: OK. When would you like to fly? W: On the 5th of next month. （試卷提法和錄音提法不同） M: July 5 th.,附：?jiǎn)栴},聽第3段對(duì)話，回答第15-17小題。 Test 13 W: Hi, Kangkang. What a beautiful day, isnt

9、it ? M: Yes, it is. What about going hiking with us, Mary? W: Thanks a lot. Id love to, but Im busy with my work these days. M: What a pity! W: Why not ask Maria instead? I think shed love to. M: OK. Ill call her,二）改進(jìn)建議,1. 體現(xiàn)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理念 認(rèn)真研讀課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)確把握課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)初中畢業(yè)生英語(yǔ)水平的要求，體現(xiàn)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提倡的理念，如課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出的要在語(yǔ)境中考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力

10、。 2. 選用適當(dāng)材料命題 盡量選擇一些學(xué)生熟悉的、貼近他們生活何經(jīng)歷的材料。在注重體現(xiàn)實(shí)用性的同時(shí)，選擇一些與學(xué)生生活和經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的材料，以便符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知年齡特點(diǎn)，增加實(shí)體的效度,3. 加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)，提高命題技術(shù) 認(rèn)真研讀測(cè)試?yán)碚摚ㄟ^(guò)實(shí)踐，逐步提高命題技術(shù)，避免題目本身影響學(xué)生的成績(jī)。學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)歷和生活環(huán)境差異很大，如果聽力材料的選擇不是所有學(xué)生熟悉的內(nèi)容，就會(huì)造成不平等。同時(shí)也會(huì)降低題目的信度,4. 努力凸現(xiàn)聽力測(cè)試的目的任務(wù) 大多數(shù)的聽力材料具有明顯的口語(yǔ)特征，比較真實(shí)自然，符合英語(yǔ)在社會(huì)生活運(yùn)用的真實(shí)場(chǎng)景。同時(shí)，聽力測(cè)試題的設(shè)置也應(yīng)以事實(shí)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容和簡(jiǎn)單的推理類題目為主，較多地設(shè)置回答

11、whatwhowhenwhich where等方面的問(wèn) 題，如果過(guò)多地設(shè)置與howwhy相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，就會(huì)增加聽力理解的難度。題干和選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置也要簡(jiǎn)潔明了，盡量減少閱讀題干的難度。否則，會(huì)加重學(xué)生閱讀負(fù)擔(dān)，弱化聽力測(cè)試的目的,二、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用試題評(píng)析,一）命題技術(shù) 任何語(yǔ)言測(cè)試尤其是大規(guī)模、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的語(yǔ)言測(cè)試必須具備四個(gè)要素：效度、信度、可行性和對(duì)教學(xué)積極的反撥作用。 效度：亦稱有效性，在很大程度上是為了目的所要考的。 信度：指語(yǔ)言測(cè)試結(jié)果的一致性程度。 任何測(cè)試都必須在效度、信度、可行性和對(duì)教學(xué)積極的反撥作用之間采取妥協(xié)，保持平衡,以下將就語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用部分（主要談兩種題型：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇和完形填空），

12、從效度、信度和對(duì)教學(xué)積極的反撥作用的角度分析試題的命制技術(shù)，并舉例說(shuō)明試題是否在技術(shù)上存在缺陷,1. 單項(xiàng)選擇試題的命制技術(shù)評(píng)析,覆蓋面廣，考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用能力最為普遍的方式。 優(yōu)點(diǎn)：便于閱卷和評(píng)分 缺點(diǎn)：對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)有較高的要求,案例8-12,例8 - I need some help. Can you _the bananas for fruit salad? - Yes, Mum. But wheres the knife? (廈門卷) A. cut up B. mix up C. put up 例9 Shall I tell Maria about it? No, you _. Iv

13、e already told her. (漳州卷) A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 例10 Which do you prefer to use, the phone or the mobile phone? _. I enjoy using QQ. (三明卷) A. Neither B. Either C. Both,例11 -Please give me a when you arrive in London, Miss Gao. -All right, Ill tell you everything when I get there. (南

14、平卷) A. subject B. newspaper C. ticket D. ring 例12 Look at the table. Susan wants to buy a pizza, a bottle of orange juice and an ice cream. How much will she pay? (寧德卷) A. Six yuan and twenty fen. B. Seven yuan and twenty fen. C. Eight yuan and twenty fen,案例13-14,例13 Do you know _? She is wanted on

15、the phone. A. where is Lucy B. Lucy is where C. where Lucy is Could you tell me _? A. where can I exchange money B. to exchange money where C. where do I exchange money D. where I can exchange money 例14 - Do you have any plans for your summer vacation? - I am _ for London next Sunday. A. going to B.

16、 leaving D. will go,案例15-16,例15 Is there _ book on the desk? Yes, there is. A. the B. a C. an 例16 Can you lend me your ruler? _ is broken. Sorry, I left it at home. A. Mine B. Yours C. My D. Your,案例17-18,例17 You look hungry. Dont you want _ to eat? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 例

17、18 Did you borrow the bike _ Jim? A. with B. from C. to D. for,2.完形填空試題的命制技術(shù)評(píng)析,1）選材要求 所選短文應(yīng)該主旨明確，大意清楚，有較好的連貫性。2007年中考完形填空試題所選材料基本上體現(xiàn)了這一原則。大多數(shù)完形填空的材料的體裁是記敘文。敘事體材的文章往往本身具有一定情節(jié)性和較好的連貫性，主旨明確，意思清楚，易于被考生把握和理解。體裁為說(shuō)明文或議論文的文章也較好地體現(xiàn)了這條原則,材料應(yīng)語(yǔ)言難度適當(dāng)，內(nèi)容為考生所熟悉。2007年各地中考試卷完形填空的選文內(nèi)容都比較貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際,案例19,II完形填空 （每小題1分，共

18、10分） 閱讀下面短文，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Do you think of your parents? “Yes, of course,” you may answer, “I buy a present for my mother on 46 . And I give my father a present on Fathers Day, 47 .” Then what about the other days of a year? Always 48 to think of your parents, not just on some important days.

19、I have a friend who 49 alone, because her parents live in another city. One day I went to see her. We had a nice chat. Then she wanted to make a 50 . She dialed (撥) the number, but then she put the phone 51 . After about ten seconds, she dialed the number again. “Hi, Mum”Later I asked, “Why did you

20、dial the number 52 ?” She smiled, “My parents are old. They cant get close to the telephone 53 . I always do so when I call them. I just want to give them 54 time to answer the call.” My friend is a good girl. She is always 55 her parents. You also want to be a good child, right? So why not learn fr

21、om her? 46. A. Fathers Day B. Mothers Day C. Teachers Day D. Childrens Day 47. A. too B. also C. either D. Yet 48. A. refuse B. forget C. decide D. remember 49. A. live B. lives C. lived D. living 50. A. face B. card C. call D. cake 51. A. up B. off C. down D. on 52. A. once B. twice C. several time

22、s D. many times 53. A. lonely B. slowly C. quietly D. quickly 54. A. less B. little C. enough D. a lot 55.A. thinking about B. laughing at C. picking up D. looking for （ Answer: BADBCCBDCA,案例20,完形填空 Martin is an American boy. He is eight years old. His parents 26 five years ago and he is now living

23、with his grandmother in New York. “If we had a small computer, all the problems would be 29 for us to do.” Jimmy said. “A small computer,” Martin thought for a minute, then he said, “Ive got an idea. We can buy one in a shop.” The next morning, they 34 the post office on their way to school. They fo

24、und a box, the box was not a post box but trash-box (果皮箱). 26. A. have died B. had died C. died D. have been death 29. A. easy enough B. enough easy C. difficult enough D. enough difficult 34. A. passed B. past C. pasted D. passing(正確答案為：26. C 29. A 34. A,2）考點(diǎn)的設(shè)置,不宜在短文首句和句末設(shè)空。因?yàn)槭拙渫ǔ＝o學(xué)生提供必要的背景信息。如果首句

25、信息不全，容易影響考生對(duì)文段的理解,案例21,One day , a young man asked Albert Einstein , 46 great German scientist, 47 the secret(秘密) of success (成功)was . The scientist 48 him that the secret of success is hard work. A few days 49 the young man asked him the 50 question again .Einstein was very 51 . He did not say 52 ,

26、 but wrote a few 53 on a piece of paper and 54 it to the young man .The young man looked 55 the piece of paper. On it was 56 : A=X+Y+Z.“ What 57 this mean?” asked the young man.“ A means success, ” 58 the old scientist. “X means hard work, Y means good methods(方法)，and ZZ mean 59 talking and start to

27、 60 .” 46. A. a B. the C. one D. some 47. A. who B. whether C. what D. which 48. A. told B. said C. talked D. spoke 答案：46. B 47. C 48. A,所刪的詞語(yǔ)在文段中確實(shí)有上下文線索，使考生能依據(jù)這些線索進(jìn)行推斷。 2007年完形填空題有不少設(shè)計(jì)很巧妙的空，要求考生必須充分理解把握上下文線索才能推斷出答案,案例22,One day, a poor boy, who was selling newspapers from door to door in order to

28、pay for his schooling, found he had only ten cents left, and he was 31 . He decided to ask for a meal at the next house. However, he changed his mind when a young woman opened the door. Instead of a 32 he asked for a drink of water. But as he looked so hungry, she 33 him a large glass of milk. He dr

29、ank it, and then asked, “How much do I owe (欠) you?” “My mother teaches me never to accept money for any 34 ,” she replied, “so you dont owe me anything” 31. A. thirsty B. hungry C. tired D. excited 32. A. tomato B. sweet C. meal D. banana 33. A. ordered B. brought C. sold D. found 34. A. business B

30、. firness C. illness D. kindness 答案：31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D,Do you like comics漫畫？ Many of the worlds most popular comics 36 Japan. The drawing is excellent. The stories are interesting. 37 they are fun to read. 38 ，Japanese artists often have new ways of drawing. They influence artists in 39 countri

31、es. These comics are often made into cartoons 40 are watched by million of people in Asia， Europe， ad America. Also， toys are made from the comics. So you can see， its a very 41 business！ Each person 42 his own favorite comic. Some popular 43 are Black Jack， Conan， and Sakura. Many artists who draw

32、comics become 44 in Japan. Some of them are like movie stars. People love and respect their 45 . 36Acome from Bis f rom Cstarting in Dwrite in 37AIf BAnd COr DBut 38AOne time BThe truth CIn fact DHow so 39Aothers Banother Cother Dthe 0ther 40Awhich Bso Cthey Dwhat 41Asmall Bbad Cbig Dlucky 42Ahave B

33、had Chas Dhaving 43Acomic Bone COnes Dartist 45Ajob Bwork Cstory Dmovie 答案：36. A 37. B 38. C 42. C 43. C 45. B,案例23,不宜把語(yǔ)言知識(shí)以外的其他知識(shí)最為考查的重點(diǎn),案例24 “Faster, higher, 39 ” is the slogan (口號(hào))of the Olympics. 39. A. stronger B. richer C. better 答案：A,設(shè)計(jì)考點(diǎn)時(shí)，一定要避免某題的答案出現(xiàn)在文章的其他地方,They were all very 45 , so they

34、ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they too, were very tired, and one by one, also 46 . 45. A. excited B. tired C. angry 46. A. fell down B. fell asleep C. felt sick 答案：45. B 46. B,案例25,試題所涉及的各類考點(diǎn)應(yīng)均衡分布。2007年中考完形填空試題的各類考點(diǎn)分布不是很均衡，雖選材較好，對(duì)挖空考慮間距，但對(duì)考點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)考慮得不是很周到

35、,完形填空從A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇可以填入空白處的最佳答案。（每小題1分，滿分10分） Peter was always making excuses for forgetting to do things. His usual excuse was “I was too busy” or “I didnt have time”. Peters parents were worried about him.“He mustnt go through life making excuses all the time.”his father said,“ 46 will believe him.

36、 He wont be able to keep a job. No bright girl will marry him.” “I dont know 47 we can do.” said his mother. “I have a good 48 ,” his father said, “If this doesnt work, nothing will.” The next day was Peters birthday. When he thought of getting exciting presents, he couldnt wait.He woke up expecting

37、 his parents to wish 49 “Happy birthday!”but all they said was “Good morning, Peter. Hurry up, 50 youll be late for school.” There were no presents,not even a card. He was very 51 . “Never mind,” he thought, “Theyll give me a surprise after school.” But they didnt. Finally, at dinner he said to his

38、parents，“Today is 52 .” “Oh!” his father said,“So it is.I 53 .” “So did I.” his mother said. “How could you forget?” Peter asked, “There must 54 a reason.” “Well, yes.” his father said, “We have a really good excuse for forgetting your birthday, Peter. We didnt remember your birthday 55 we were too

39、busy.” Poor Peter. He never had a silly excuse for not doing something again,案例26,46. A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody 47. A.what B. howC. why 48. A.excuse B. messageC. idea 49. A.himB. heC. his 50. A.andB. orC. but 51. A.happyB. excitedC. sad 52. A.SundayB. my birthdayC. Fathers Day 53. A.agreedB

40、. rememberedC. forgot 54. A.beB. isC. are 55. A.soB. thoughC. because 答案：46-50：CACAB 51-55：CBCAC,改進(jìn)建議,1. 對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的考查應(yīng)注重考查語(yǔ)言的使用(use)，而不是語(yǔ)言的用法(usage)； 2. 一定要在語(yǔ)境中考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力； 3. 所選語(yǔ)言材料要鮮活、真實(shí)、地道； 4. 從選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量的角度出發(fā)，單項(xiàng)選擇題可以考慮使用3個(gè)選項(xiàng)； 5. 通過(guò)聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫的形式來(lái)考查學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力； 6. 教學(xué)中正確處理好語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言能力的關(guān)系,三、交際用語(yǔ)試題評(píng)析,間接考查學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)交際能

41、力。 交際用語(yǔ)部分使用的名稱不太統(tǒng)一。 情景交際運(yùn)用、口語(yǔ)應(yīng)用、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話、情景選擇、情景應(yīng)答、交際運(yùn)用 主要的題型 差額選擇、填詞、填句子、看圖完成句子 有些試題僅僅局限于對(duì)某些詞匯或表達(dá)法的考查,例27,M: Excuse me. 56 is the nearest post office? S: Sorry, I dont know. Youd better ask the policeman over there.M: Thank you all the same. Excuse me. 57 is the way to the nearest post office? Z: Go do

42、wn this street 58 you reach the first crossing. Then turn right. M: 59 is it from here?Z: Its about two miles. M: 60 can I get there? Z: You can go there by bus.M: I see. Thank you very much. Z: Youre welcome.(正確答案為：56. Where 57. Which 58. until 59. How far 60. How,四、閱讀理解試題評(píng)析,1. 選擇題 2. 判斷正誤題 3. 段落排序

43、題 4. 匹配題 5. 問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)答題,一）考試形式,1. 選擇題 (三明卷,Kelly took part in a charity (慈善) walk last week. The walk was organized by the local government. The purpose of the walk was to raise money for the children in poor areas. Kelly was very excited because this was her first time to join this kind of activity. One

44、month before the walk, Kelly began to practice. She ran for 30 minutes and went to bed at 9:00p.m. every day, and climbed the mountains every Saturday and Sunday. She hoped that she could keep healthy. Finally the day arrived. When Kelly got to the place where they started, she was surprised to see

45、over 1,000 people had been there. 61. The local government organized the charity walk _. A. to tell people how to work together B. to raise money for Kelly C. to help the poor children 答案：61. C,例28,2. 判斷正誤題 (福州卷,Have you seen the videos on TV? Do you wear large T-shirts and baggy jeans? Or have you

46、heard someone rap (說(shuō)唱) ? Hip-Hop is very hot now. Hip-Hop music was started in the middle of the 1970s by African Americans in New York. The music, break-dancing(霹靂舞) and graffiti (涂鴉) make up Western Hip-Hop culture. Most of the Hip-Hop songs are about love, jobs or even games. Usually in rap, sing

47、ers speak words very quickly to a certain beat. Most of the words are fun. Singers play off words to make fun of themselves or others. Hip-Hop music has few rules. Singers just do what they think and rap it out in a clever or creative way. The freedom makes a lot of teenagers fall in love with the m

48、usic. Many of them like wearing large T-shirts and baggy jeans. Famous rap and Hip-Hop stars include Eminem in the U.S. and Jay Chou from China.Today Hip-Hop is more and more popular across most of the world. 61.African Americans started Hip-Hop music in the middle of the 1970s in New York. 62.There

49、 are three main kinds of music in Western Hip-Hop culture. 63.Hip-Hop music is very popular, but it has a lot of rules to follow. 64.From the passage we know Jay Chou is a famous rap and Hip-Hop star. 65.Many teenagers dont like wearing large T-shirts or baggy jeans. 答案：6165. TFFTF,例29,There is a gr

50、eat true story about Chinese chess, which happened 2200 years ago. In order to bring down the Qin Dynasty after the death of Emperor Qin Shihuang, the peasants fought against the government. Among them, there were the two strongest armies led by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. In order to be the new emperor,

51、 there was a great final battle between them. The battlefield was along the Chu River. Finally, Liu and his army won the battle. So he became the next emperor. People invented Chinese chess in memory of the famous battle. 1. The story happened about 1,500 years ago. 2. After the death of Emperor Qin

52、 Shihuang, the peasants fought against the government of the Qin Dynasty. 3. The battlefield was along the Chu River. 4. Finally, Liu and his army won the battle. 5. In memory of Xiang Yu, people invented Chinese chess. 答案：15. FTTTT,例30,正誤題的題干要基于文章內(nèi)容，陳述句要不同于文章的原始文字。同時(shí)也要兼顧到正誤答案的比例，因?yàn)榕袛噱e(cuò)誤的答案要難于判斷正確的答案

53、,3. 段落排序題,閱讀下列語(yǔ)段，把它們組成一篇連貫的短文。（每小題1分，共5分） ( A )A fire-engine will arrive quickly. The firemen know what to do. They have long ladders to reach high windows. ( B )If you want to be a fireman, you must be strong and healthy. A fireman has to be able to carry heavy things. He has to be able to climb la

54、dders and to work in high places. So he also has to be brave. ( C )They try their best to rescue the people who cant get out. If some people are hurt, they are taken to hospital in ambulances (救護(hù)車). ( D )When a fire begins, we must tell the fireman. Do you know how to do this? ( E )After all the peo

55、ple have been rescued, the firemen put out the fire. Sometimes this is very difficult because some people keep things in passages and on stairs. Then the firemen cant get past to fight the fire. ( F )Go to the nearest telephone and dial the number 119. When someone speaks, tell him about the fire. S

56、peak slowly and clearly. The right order is：第一語(yǔ)段：D 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. _ 答案：106110. FACEB,例31,4.匹配題,例32,答案：101105. DBAEC,5.問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)答題,例33,1. 考查的內(nèi)容要均衡，對(duì)各種閱讀能力的測(cè)試要全面 命制原則：多層次、多角度考查學(xué)生不同的閱讀能力和閱讀策略的運(yùn)用。否則測(cè)試就達(dá)不到應(yīng)有的效度。如,二）命題技術(shù),2. 閱讀理解考查的重點(diǎn)是學(xué)生獲取和處理信息的能力。 56. The Beijing-Shanghai Railway line runs 1,462 kilom

57、etres, doesnt it? A. Yes, it does. B. No, it doesnt. C. Its very far. D. We dont know,例34,3.要注意試題的科學(xué)性和答案的唯一性,測(cè)試試題題干和答案都要有科學(xué)性，沒有爭(zhēng)議、疑義，這樣，才能提高考試的效度。 If you are free on Tuesday afternoon, what out-of-class activities can you have at school? A. Playing basketball or football. B. Singing and dancing. C.

58、Drawing or reading. D. Going to the English corner,例35,36. From the second paragraph we know that QQ and AIM are _. A. addresses for the internet users B. documents you need to get on line C. tools for people to talk about D. progams of a computer,例36,4. 要注意題目和閱讀材料的關(guān)聯(lián)性,51. Many of us like going online because it can help us _. A. learn English and send e-mail B. get more information C. play computer games D. all of above 76. Are we living in a wo