2011年高考一輪復習(新人教版英語)知識點梳理課件：必修1 Unit 4

1、基礎落實 .高頻單詞思憶 1.The machine is driven by e . 2.A great many houses were d in the earthquake and many people became homeless. 3.The hurricane left the whole city in r . 4.It t my coat in the car door when I got out of the car.,lectricity,estroyed,uins,rapped,Unit 4 Earthquakes,5.He b into the room wit

2、hout knocking. 6.Many men were (埋葬) underground when the accident at the mine happened. 7.It is an area where natural (災 難) often happen. 8.The firemen (援救) the boy from the burning house. 9.Teachers have (表達) concern about the emphasis on testing. 10.I (祝賀) them all on their results.,urst,buried,di

3、sasters,rescued,expressed,congratulated,.重點短語再現(xiàn) 1. 結(jié)束；終結(jié) 2. 照常 3. 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；找出 4. 作為而聞名 5. 被覆蓋 6. 輕視；看不起 7. 為紀念 8. 以為驕傲 9. 分發(fā)，發(fā)出 10. 從判斷,at an end,as usual,dig out,be known as,be covered by,think little of,in honour of,be proud of,give out,judge from,.典型句式運用 1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for plac

4、es to hide.老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身。 句中l(wèi)ooking for.是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作 狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞表 示的動作 。,考點提煉,伴隨,同時發(fā)生,2.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上萬 個家庭遇難，許多孩子失去了父母。 此處leave表示“ ”， 其后通常接復合賓語，即賓語加形容詞、過去分 詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞（短語）等作賓語補足語。,考點提煉,使處于狀態(tài),3.Workers built shelters for survivors

5、whose homes had been destroyed.工人們?yōu)槟切┘覉@遭 受破壞的幸存者建了住所。 是定語從句。關系代詞whose引導定語從句時， whose在從句中充當定語，whose指人，也可指物。,考點提煉,whose homes had been destroyed,4.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊 組織人員挖出被困者，掩埋死者。 the dead意為“ ”?！?” 常表示一類人，作主語時，謂語動詞要用 形式。 5.The man was sl

6、eeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.當?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生的時候，這個 人正在樓下睡覺。 此處when為并列連詞，意為“ ”，前面分句常用 時態(tài)。,考點提煉,死者,the+形容詞,復數(shù),考點提煉,正在這,時/那時,進行,導練互動 重點單詞 1.ruin In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in .(回歸課本P26) 觀察思考 The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin. 銀行的介入使這家公司免于經(jīng)濟崩潰。 My new

7、shoes got ruined in the mud. 我的新鞋被泥漿給糟蹋了。,ruins,歸納總結(jié) ruin 。 be in ruins成為廢墟 be the ruin of成為毀滅（墮落）的原因 bring sb.to ruin使某人失??；使傾家蕩產(chǎn) come/fall to/into ruin毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞 掉 ruin oneself自取滅亡 ruin ones health/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽,n.毀壞；毀滅；崩潰；v.（使）破產(chǎn)；,（使）墮落，毀滅,易混辨異 destroy,ruin,damage,break,spoil (1)destroy常指徹底的、不能或

8、很難修復的“破 壞，毀壞”，程度較深；也可用于損壞抽象的東 西，比如名譽、計劃、努力、契約等。 （2）ruin亦指徹底毀掉，但不含有以某種摧毀性的 力量進行破壞，而含有在一定的過程中逐漸毀掉的 意思。 （3）damage是程度較小的“破壞，損壞”，一般指 被破壞的物品可以重新修復。,（4）break是“破壞，打破，打碎”的意思。它表 示的范圍極廣，程度也不一?？捎糜谟行蔚臇|西， 如石頭、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于無形、抽象的東 西，如法律、沉默、魔力、習慣等。 （5）spoil破壞，糟蹋，其重點在于破壞事物原先 的結(jié)構(gòu)、和諧性，使事物不再具有原先的特點，賓 語常是景致、食欲、計劃等。,即學即用 （

9、1）大雨把我們的假期徹底搞糟了。 The heavy rain . （2）多年的戰(zhàn)事已使伊拉克滿目瘡痍。 Years of fighting has left Iraq .,ruined our holiday,in ruins,2.injure Twothirds of them died or were during the earthquake.(回歸課本P26) 易混辨異 hurt,injure,harm,wound (1)hurt既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感 情上的傷害；作不及物動詞，意為“（身體某部 位）疼痛”。指肉體上的傷害時，hurt可與 badly,slightly,

10、seriously等連用，但若指精神 上的創(chuàng)傷，只能說very much/rather/deeply hurt。,injured,（2）injure比hurt正式，hurt多指傷痛，而injure 則指損害健康、成就、容貌等，強調(diào)功能的損失。 （3）harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時可指 引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事物，尤其指不道 德的事情。 （4）wound指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出 血的、嚴重的傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)場上受傷。,即學即用 （1）在這次長途車撞車事故中，有10人死亡，18 人重傷。 In the coach crash 10 people died and 18 . （

11、2）在戰(zhàn)爭中，受傷的遠比死亡的人多。 In a war there are than killed. （3）不要在昏暗的燈光下看書，以免傷害眼睛。 Dont by reading in dim light.,were seriously injured,many more wounded,harm your eyes,3.burst In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and .(回歸課本P26) 觀察思考 The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 29

12、th Beijing Olympic Games caused bursts of applause. 在第29屆北京奧運會上，中國隊隊員的精彩表現(xiàn) 贏得了陣陣掌聲。 She was bursting to tell him the good news. 她急不可待要把好消息告訴他。,burst,歸納總結(jié) burst 。 burst out突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā) burst out doing sth.（=burst into+n.）突 然起來 be bursting to do sth.渴望；急著要做（某事） burst in/into闖進，突然破門而入 burst with anger/grief

13、/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/ 樂不可支,vt.to keep up with;into B.Seeing;to make up;out C.Having seen;to catch up with;into D.On seeing;to make up for;out （2）She into tears the moment she knew she had failed that exam. A.burst B.broke C.shocked D.cried,D,A,4.shock People were .(回歸課本P26) 觀察思考 I was shocked at the news o

14、f her death. 我聽到她的死訊十分震驚。 I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.聽到他辭職的消息，我深感意外。 The news of his death was a shock to us. 他的死訊令我們震驚。,shocked,歸納總結(jié) shock 。 with/from shock由于震驚 a shocking accident令人吃驚的事故 come as a shock to sb.令某人大吃一驚 in a state of shock驚魂未定 suffer from shock休克 be shocked at對感到吃驚 be

15、 shocked to do深感意外地去做,n.打擊；震驚；vt.was B.A great number of;were C.The great number of;was D.The great number of;were ,B,（2）The number of students in our school about 30,000 and them study hard. A.is;a large amount of B.are;a number of C.are;large amount of D.is;a large number of ,D,8.give out .gas tha

16、t hot water (回歸課本P28) 觀察思考 Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street. 學生們在向街上每一個人發(fā)傳單。 The red radiator gives out a lot of heat. 那個紅色的散熱器放出大量的熱。 My money will give out soon.我的錢快要用光了。,gives out,歸納總結(jié) give out意為： 。 give sth.away贈送；頒發(fā)；泄露 give back歸還；恢復 give off發(fā)出，放出 give over停止，中止 give

17、on to/onto sth.朝向，面向；通向 give up放棄,用完；發(fā)出，分發(fā),即學即用 （1）The gas gave an unpleasant smell. A.off B.in C.up D.away （2）Dont mention that at the beginning of the story,or it may the shocking ending. A.give away B.give out C.give up D.give off ,A,A,9.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them

18、.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.農(nóng)民們注意到水井的井壁上 有深深的裂縫。一股臭氣從裂縫里冒出。農(nóng)家 大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不吃食。 典例體驗 reply,he stared at the floor. 他眼睛盯著地面，緊張得答不上來。 It is never give up our prejudice. 拋棄偏見永遠也不會太晚。,Too nervous to,too late to,歸納總結(jié) too ner

19、vous to eat意思為“ ”。其中的too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太 以致于不”。關于too.to.句式的用法： （1）too.to.太以致于不 （2）too.to.與not或never連用時，不定式為 肯定意義。not/never too.to.,意為“并不 太所以能”。 It is never too late to mend. 亡羊補牢，未為晚也。 （3）too.to.前面有only,but,all時，only too,but too和all too相當于very,后面的不定式也 表示肯定。,太緊張而不能吃,東西,Im only too pleased to help you. 很榮幸

20、能幫助你。 We shall be only/but too delighted to have you with us. 能和你們在一起我們將感到非常高興。 （4）當too.to.用來修飾表示態(tài)度，情緒，傾 向等的形容詞（如anxious,eager,glad,happy, pleased,ready,willing)時，不定式為肯定意義。He was too eager to know the result of his examination. 他迫切想知道考試的結(jié)果。,即學即用 (1)The box was (太 重了，我搬不動). (2)Im (太累了，什么也想不起來) now. (

21、3)I am (想作一次環(huán)球旅行).,too heavy for me to lift,too tired to think of anything,too eager to travel around the world,10.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ 典例體驗 they know what theyre doing. 他們好像知道他們正在做什么。 The whole house to be empty. 整座房子似乎空蕩蕩的。,It seems that,seemed,歸納總結(jié) It seems (to sb.)

22、that/as if.意為： ，as if后邊可用 語氣。 seem to be/like+n.似乎，好像 seem to be doing sth./to have done sth.好像 正在做/已經(jīng)做了某事 seem (to be)+n./adj.似乎是 There seems to be.好像有,（對某人,來說）似乎,虛擬,即學即用 （1）他們一直仿佛是要結(jié)婚似的。 they would get married. （2）我大概把書忘在家里了。 my book at home.,It always seemed as if,I seem to have left,11.Then,late

23、r that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.接著，在下午晚 些時候，又一次強度幾乎和第一次一樣的地震 在唐山爆發(fā)了。 典例體驗 He doesnt speak English you. 他的英語說得不如你流利。 I got up my father did this morning. 今天早上我和父親起得一樣早。,as/so fluently as,as early as,歸納總結(jié) 本句的 屬于“as.as” 結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個as的詞性不一樣，所以它們后面所

24、跟的結(jié) 構(gòu)亦不一樣。第一個as是副詞，所以后面跟的是形容詞或副詞的 ，第二個as是連詞，所以后面常跟名 詞、代詞或從句。其否定形式為 ,意為 “ ”。 注意 （1）第一個as是副詞，如果后面接單數(shù)名詞， 要用“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。 John is as kind a student as me. 約翰和我一樣是個心地善良的學生。,as strong as the first one,原級,not as/so.as,不如,（2）as.as用來表示倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“A is.times as.as B”，意為“A是B的幾倍”。 This playground is three

25、 times as big as that one. 這個操場是那個操場的三倍大。,即學即用 （1）It is reported that the US uses energy as the whole of Europe. A.as twiceB.twice much C.twice much asD.twice as much （2）Exercise is as any other to lose unwanted weight. A.so useful a way B.as a useful way C.as useful a way D.such a useful way,D,C,1.

26、利用派生法，品句填詞 (1)The of the island is by the unwise .(govern) (2)Do you know why the May 4th broke out? Sorry,I dont know.Because at that time my family from Beijing to Hong Kong.(move) (3)The news caused great among her friends when she told them .(excite),government,governed,governor,Movement,moved,e

27、xciting,excitement,excitedly,品味構(gòu)詞,串聯(lián)擴展,argument,陳述,聲明,協(xié)定,約會,確定,宣告,公示,settlement,department,2.利用轉(zhuǎn)化法,品句解詞 (1)On arrival at the station,I always beside the newspaper . (2)Just now I nothing but a in his hand. (3)She that she must have left her bag on the train for some .,stand,stand,站立,動詞；攤位,名詞,saw,saw

28、,看見,動詞;鋸,名詞,reasoned,reason,判定,斷定,動詞;原因,名詞,飛,蒼蠅,面臨,火柴,比賽,套，副,輪到的機會,燕子,考題回扣 【例1】Whenever I met her, was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile. （山東高考） A.who B.which C.when D.that 解析 此處考查which引導的非限制性定語從句。 句意為：無論何時我遇見她，她都會一如既往地 向我微笑。 課文原文 It was felt in Beijing, is more than two hundred kilomet

29、res away.,which,B,【例2】A person e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. （天津高考） A.whoB.whom C.whoseD.whoever 解析 e-mail account前缺少定語，故用whose 引導定語從句，相當于the e-mail account of whom。 課文原文 Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.,whose,C,【例3】 ,you need to gi

30、ve all you have and try your best. （遼寧高考） A.Being a winner B.To be a winner C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner 解析 句意為：為了成為贏家，你要付出你的所 有并全力以赴。所以空格部分在句中應作目的狀 語，故要用動詞不定式。 課文原文 Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan .,to help the rescue,workers,B,【例4】The way the guests in the

31、hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. （北京高考） A.treated B.were treated C.would treat D.would be treated 解析 由句意可知treat的動作與influenced的動 作具有同時性，故用一般過去時?？腿耸恰笆艿?對待”，故用被動語態(tài)。 課文原文 Thousands of families and many children without parents.,were killed,were left,B,【例5】I can be a teacher.Im not a ver

32、y patient person. （湖南高考） A.seldomB.ever C.neverD.always 解析 根據(jù)后置語境Im not a very patient person.可知，前句句意應為：我永遠不會成為一 名老師。表示全部否定含義用never。 課文原文 Tens of thousands of cows would give milk again.,never,C,自主檢測 .品句填詞 1.The fish must go bad,for it is s . 2.The two countries were separated by a c . 3.Water can b

33、e turned into s when heated. 4.After the earthquake,the whole city was in r . 5.An accident happened.Luckily,nobody was i .,melly,anal,team,uins,njured,6.There was no s in the air crash. 7.The workers made great efforts to r the people who were trapped underground. 8.Because of the global warming,th

34、ere are more and more natural d . 9.The students in our school have o many clubs for themselves. 10.The air in the countryside is much f than that in the city.,urvivor,escue,isasters,rganized,resher,.短語運用 1.If war breaks out,we shall be called up . 2.The express train arrived on schedule . 3.He my s

35、uggestion,which made me a bit upset. 4.Our company its reputation for fair dealing.,right away,think little of,as usual,give out,be proud of,in ruins,right away,as usual,thought little of,is proud of,5.The news of the Presidents death in a radio broadcast. 6.The house was .Fortunately,nobody was hur

36、t.,was,given out,in ruins,.完成句子 1.Death finally (結(jié)束了她的痛苦). 2.They (避雨) under a big tree. 3.He (被評為) the best actor of this year. 4.The foreign visitors (非常高興有機會) to visit the Great Wall. 5.What a noise!I can hardly stand it. It (好像他們在開晚會) next door.,brought an end to her suffering,took shelter from

37、rain,was judged to be,are only too glad to,have the opportunity,seems as if they are having a party,6. (無論他們在哪兒出 現(xiàn)),they met with strong protests. 7. (在城鎮(zhèn)的北邊) stood a leaning tower in the past. 8.A memorial meeting was held (為了紀念這位偉大的作家). 9. (有三分之二的人傷亡) during the Wenchuan earthquake. 10.But the one

38、 million people of the city, (對這 些征兆滿不在乎),went to bed as usual that night.,Everywhere they appeared,To the north of the town,in honour of,the great writer,Two-thirds of the people died or were,injured,who thought little of these events,.單項填空 1.Believe it or not,Lilys sister crying when we were eatin

39、g. A.burst onB.burst in C.burst outD.burst into 解析 burst out+v.-ing意為“突然起 來”，而burst into+n.意為“突然開始”。 burst on突然出現(xiàn)；burst in闖進；突然闖入。 句意為：信不信由你，我們吃飯時莉莉的妹妹突然 哭了起來。由句意及burst out的用法可知正確答 案為C項。,C,2.The two ladies are of the same age,but it looks as if one ten years older than . A.is;other B.was;another C.w

40、ere;other D.were;the other 解析 考查虛擬語氣及代詞的用法。從句表述的 內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，因此，要用虛擬語氣， be動詞要用were;兩者中的另一個應該用the other。,D,3.I received his mothers phone call at ten.Only then did I know that he was badly in an accident the day before yesterday. A.hurt B.injured C.harmedD.wounded 解析 意外受傷常用injure。句意為：十點鐘， 我接到他母親的電話。直到

41、那時我才知道他在前 天的一次意外事故中傷得很嚴重。,B,4.Lets our glasses and drink our friendship. A.rise;forB.raise;to C.rise;withD.raise;/ 解析 第一空由后面的our glasses可知要選用及 物動詞raise;drink to sth.為干杯。句意為： 讓我們舉起杯子為我們的友誼干杯。,B,5.It is for us to deal with. A.an enough difficult situation B.such a difficult situation C.too difficult a

42、 situation D.so difficult a situation 解析 考查too.to結(jié)構(gòu)，too是副詞，后接形容 詞或副詞。句意為：這個情況太難應付了，我們 應付不了。,C,6.He was lucky in the accident,but his car is under repair. A.destroyedB.ruined C.damagedD.hurt 解析 damage一般指破壞后可以修復；destroy指 徹底破壞，無法修復或很難修復；ruin指毀壞， 其使用價值發(fā)生變化，與本題語境不符；hurt指 身體或精神上的傷害。故正確答案為C項。,C,7.The boys,

43、 could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on. A.the tall of whom B.the tallest of whom C.the tallest one D.the tallest of them 解析 由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個逗號之間為一個非 限制性定語從句，故排除C、D，三者及三者以上 當中最高的一個要用最高級，故選B項。句意為： 這些男孩子中最高的一個都不能夠到那個書架， 于是他們?nèi)ふ移渌臇|西來站立。,B,8.I passed the driving test! ! A.Congratulation B.Congratulations for you C.Congratulations D.Congratulation on you 解析 得知對方成功的消息時，應向他表示祝 賀，此時可用省略形式congratulations，也可以 用congratulations on sth.。句意為：我通 過駕照考試了！恭喜恭喜！,C,9.I was about to a