專四作文開頭結(jié)尾的寫法ppt課件

1、Ways to begin an essay,1,1. .背景介紹法,TEM4的命題特征之一是給出一小段的背景介紹。這段介紹自然不可以原封不動地照抄在答題紙上，但若對此進(jìn)行加工改寫，也不失為一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的開頭。如2002年命題部分的背景介紹:,2,修改命題背景介紹的語言,Directions: Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise ever

2、y day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy? Example: Beginning: Today, with the improvement of living standard, people attach more and more importance to health. They are trying to find various ways to keep healthy. Some do physical exercises every d

3、ay, but others prefer keeping a balanced diet. As far as I am concerned, doing physical exercises is a better choice to stay healthy. 考生對命題背景介紹的語言稍加修改，原義維持不變，最后一句提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。,3,2005,Directions: The Students Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are invitin

4、g students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. Beginning: Im excited that our school will hold an arts festival. I believe it will be to all the students liking as it can definitely make our dull lives more colourful. My suggestion t

5、o the art festival is to hold a painting competition.,4,2.先抑后揚(yáng)法,顧名思義，抑揚(yáng)是對立的，文章的開篇也會提出兩種對立的觀點(diǎn)。先抑即提出反方的觀點(diǎn)，做出肯定的評價(jià)，后揚(yáng)即筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，回到自己的觀點(diǎn)上。如2004年話題:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. Thoug

6、h phones are more convenient than letter writing, in my opinion, phones will not kill letter writing.,5,2007: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?,A wonderful World appears before you when you click the mouse on Internet. The benefits of it have obviously made our daily life more colorful, amazing and

7、 exciting. There is also the fact that millions of young people have made friends online. However, in my view, its better and wiser to make friends in real life.,6,3.引經(jīng)據(jù)典法,引用一些諺語、格言、名人名言能有力地充實(shí)作者的觀點(diǎn)。如2001年話題:Travel Broadens the Mind。 As a Chinese old goes, traveling ten thousand miles and reading ten

8、 thousand books is the top ideal for people. Travel does broaden our mind. It enables us to appreciate beautiful scenery, value the culture and customs of a people and learn the history.,7,The Best Way to Stay Healthy As a popular saying goes, “Health is better than wealth. Health nowadays has been

9、attached great importance to especially in such a quick fix society. As to the ways to keep healthy, some people prefer keeping a balanced diet, while others prefer doing physical exercise. I believe that doing physical exercise is the best way to keep healthy.,8,4.提問回答法,這一方法首先以提問的方式提出論題越，然后以回答的方式給自

10、己的觀點(diǎn) The Best Way to Stay Healthy (2002) Nowadays, the desire for good health is universal. You cannot exaggerate the importance of good health too much. What do you think is the best way to keep healthy? As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of mind. Th

11、e Importance of Keeping a Good Mood (2003) Pressure seems to be a natural part of our daily life in the competitive society. We live under great pressure from education, career and families. How can we live happy lives? I think it is important that we keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.,9

12、,5.綜合運(yùn)用法,Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? Nowadays as people attach more and more importance to the speed, phones are becoming popular. It goes without saying that making a phone call is far more convenient and much faster than spending hours writing a long letter. But will phones kill letter writin

13、g? As far as I am concerned, I think letter Writing can never be replaced.,10,有用句型,引入話題句型 A.單一型 There is a general discussion today on the issue of (). There is much discussion nowadays as to the problem of （） These days we often hear about (). . There is a growing awareness that () Never in history

14、 has the idea of () been more evident. Not long ago, someone (did something). The case is not rare. It has now drawn much attention to the issue of ().,11,B分歧 When it comes to (), most people believe that ( ), but other people as (). When asked about (), the vast majority of people say that ( ), but

15、 other people view it as (). When faced with (), quite a few people claim that ( ), but other people think of it as (). There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of ( ). Those who criticize it argue that (), but people who favor it, on the other hand, argue that ( ）,12,陳述觀點(diǎn)句型,A直接型 As far

16、 as () is concerned, I hold the opinion that (). For my part, I think (). I find the statement of () to be too narrow. In my opinion it is more advisable to. than to. .,13,B選擇型 On the question of whether it is better to. or. , I have for a long time admitted that (). Some say, but others take a nega

17、tive attitude. In my opinion, I argue that (). Some people hold the opinion that. is superior to. in many ways. Others, however, think quite differently on the question. Personally, I side with. .,14,C同意型 Some people advocate that (). My opinion is identical with theirs.,15,D反對型 Now, it is commonly

18、believed that. , but I wonder whether. . Now, it is widely held that. , but I doubt whether. . Although some people believe that. , I wonder whether the argument bears close examination. Although many people believe that. , I doubt whether the argument bears much analysis. Despite the fact that most

19、 people. , I would like to choose ().,16,如何結(jié)尾,17,1.總結(jié)重申法,作文命題往往要求考生在引論中表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。在撰寫結(jié)尾時(shí)可以總結(jié)全文并重申引論中的觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然重申不代表簡單的重復(fù)，因此建議用另外的表達(dá)方式來道明作者的觀點(diǎn)，以避免單調(diào)。,18,My Idea of a University Arts Festival. Beginning: I suggest that the arts festival be made up of various parts which are the typical forms of college activ

20、ities such as performance, forums and lectures on art. End: In a word, the festival should be of great contents and proper forms. Different parts and forms are going to make it a wonderful arts festival.,19,The Best Way to Stay Healthy Beginning: Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of th

21、e importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. For my part, the best way tv stay healthy is the combination of proper physical exercise balanced diet. End: All in all, I believe the best way to keep ht i

22、s taking proper physical exercise plus staying on a balanced diet. Neither is dispensable if we are to enjoy sustainable health. 注意變換詞語,20,引申主題法,此方法是在重申主題的基礎(chǔ)上更進(jìn)一步地深化主題,包含新的、同時(shí)又與話題相關(guān)信息。,21,Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? There seems to be a fashion nowadays, especially among the young people, to pho

23、ne each other more often than write letters, which has been the traditional way of communication since the early part of human history. Nevertheless, I do not side with the idea that phones are going co kill letter writing. However, I am not suggesting that we should abandon the phone for letter wri

24、ting. Actually, they are both important to us and neither will kill the other. Diversity of the communication means is just the reflection of the huge progress of human civilization.,22,Saving Money or Using Tomorrows Money To sum up, using tomorrows money is capable of supplying mutual benefits for

25、 people and nation. However, we must lay stress On the measure of using tomorrows money, which isnt far beyond our ability.,23,建議愿望法,顧名思顧名思義，這種方法的特點(diǎn)是作者在闡述完自己的觀點(diǎn)之后對讀者提小建議、呼吁或表達(dá)自己表達(dá)自己的愿望，有時(shí)候會使用祈使語氣。,24,To sum up, extracurricular activities are helpful and necessary to college students. But the problem is too many classes have taken up too much of students time. So I suggest it is the time that we took some reform on the schools teaching plan. We have to admit that, to some degree, what students achieve outside the class are no less than what th