通過(guò)知識(shí)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：人力資本架構(gòu).ppt

1、,Competing through Knowledge: The Human Capital Architecture 通過(guò)知識(shí)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：人力資本架構(gòu),IBM,“You can get capital and erect buildings, but it takes people to build a business.” “你能得到資金和高樓大廈，但你需要員工才能完成交易” Thomas J. Watson, IBM,Did IBM forget? $168 billion (Tobins Q = 2.1) Hardware, software, and services Nobel pri

2、ze-winning scientists 3,768 patents (1993-1995),Whats Happening Today?今天發(fā)生了什么？,Industry Changes工業(yè)變化 Globalization全球化 Information technology信息技術(shù),Knowledge-based strategies以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的戰(zhàn)略 Core competencies核心能力 Innovation變革 External partnerships外部合作伙伴,Leading to 導(dǎo)致,New Business Equation新的商業(yè)等式,Need for需要 Orga

3、nizational agility敏捷的組織 Speed速度 Innovation變革 Cost成本,網(wǎng)絡(luò)型組織,對(duì)顧客誠(chéng)實(shí),智力資本,信息技術(shù),合作者與契約伙伴,打破界限,關(guān)注核心能力,Core Competence核心能力,is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers. 包括大量技能和技術(shù)，可以提供給消費(fèi)者特殊的利益。 Hamel and Prahalad, 1994,SONY索尼 Miniaturization微型設(shè)計(jì)P

4、ocketability便攜式 FEDERAL EXPRESS聯(lián)邦快遞 Logistics后勤（協(xié)調(diào)能力）On-time delivery準(zhǔn)時(shí)送貨 HONDA本田 Engine design/mfg.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) Reliable performance值得信賴(lài)的產(chǎn)品 MOTOROLA摩托羅拉公司W(wǎng)ireless technology無(wú)線技術(shù)Untethered comm.無(wú)線溝通,Core Benefit to Competence Customer 核心能力 給消費(fèi)者的利益,Knowledge,Technologies,Processes,Relationships,CRITERIA標(biāo)準(zhǔn) va

5、luable有價(jià)值的 unique唯一的 extendable可擴(kuò)展性 learning學(xué)習(xí),Benefits VALUE = - Costs,UNIQUE = (social complexity + causal ambiguity),LEARNING = (experience x challenge),Competing Through Peoplet人的競(jìng)爭(zhēng) Identify & develop core skills確定和發(fā)展核心技能 Integrate diverse activities整合多樣化的動(dòng)機(jī) Respond with agility & speed敏捷、快速反應(yīng) E

6、mpower action授權(quán) Innovate變革,Core Competence核心能力,is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers.包括大量技能和技術(shù)，可以提供給消費(fèi)者特殊的利益。 -Hamel and Prahalad,價(jià)值收益/成本,學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)挑戰(zhàn),唯一社會(huì)的復(fù)雜性原因的模糊性,KNOWLEDGE知識(shí) - customer客戶(hù) - technology技術(shù) - operations 執(zhí)行 - managing 管理,P

7、ROCESSES流程 - customer segmentation客戶(hù)服務(wù)部門(mén) - just-in-time (hrs)及時(shí)服務(wù) - mass customization模塊用戶(hù)化 - build to order (AIM)以訂單為核心 - ROIC metrics 計(jì)算基本回報(bào)率制度 - experimentation試驗(yàn),TECHNOLOGY技術(shù) - Premier pages主頁(yè) - software installation軟件安裝 - TPM triggers (parts, service) - customer purchasing systems客戶(hù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)系統(tǒng),RELATIO

8、NSHIPS關(guān)系 - customer intimacy (Boeing)客戶(hù)的熟悉程度 - Platinum councils頂尖顧問(wèn) - supplier partnerships (Sony)供應(yīng)商合作 - employee involvement雇員參與 - third party service maintainers (TPMs)第三方提供維修服務(wù) - distribution agreements (UPS, Airbourne)分享協(xié)議,“Virtual Integration”,Leading to,Value價(jià)值 Uniqueness唯一 Learning學(xué)習(xí),“A low

9、-value product can be made by anyone anywhere. When you have knowledge no one else has access to -thats dynamite. We guard our intellectual assets even more carefully than our financial assets.” 低價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品任何人、任何地方都可以做。當(dāng)你擁有別人無(wú)法掌握的知識(shí)時(shí)那才是優(yōu)勢(shì)。我們小心保護(hù)著我們的智力資本甚至超過(guò)了我們的金融資本 -Roy Vagelos, former CEO Merck,價(jià)值整合,“Po

10、sitively Outrageous Service”,Southwest Airlines西南航空,TECHNOLOGY技術(shù) - Premier pages主頁(yè) - software installation軟件安裝 - TPM triggers (parts, service)第三方提供維修服務(wù) - customer purchasing systems客戶(hù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)系統(tǒng),PROCESSES流程 - customer segmentation客戶(hù)服務(wù)部門(mén) - just-in-time (hrs)及時(shí)服務(wù) - mass customization模塊用戶(hù)化 - build to order (A

11、IM)以訂單為核心 - ROIC metrics計(jì)算基本回報(bào)率制度 - experimentation試驗(yàn),KNOWLEDGE知識(shí) - customer客戶(hù) - technology技術(shù) - operations 執(zhí)行 - managing 管理,RELATIONSHIPS關(guān)系 - customer intimacy (Boeing)客戶(hù)的熟悉程度 - Platinum councils頂尖顧問(wèn) - supplier partnerships (Sony)供應(yīng)商合作 - employee involvement雇員參與 - third party service maintainers (TP

12、Ms)第三方提供維修服務(wù) - distribution agreements (UPS, Airbourne)分享協(xié)議,積極的額外服務(wù),KNOWLEDGE知識(shí) - microbiology微生物 - biochemistry有機(jī)化學(xué) - imunodiagnostics免疫診斷 (antibodies/conjugates)抗體/融合,PROCESSES流程 - R&D/Mfg.研發(fā) - bioconjugation生物聚和 - antibody purification抗體提純 - PCR amplification - DNA hybridization DNA雜交 - TQM全面質(zhì)量管理

13、 - commercialization商品化,TECHNOLOGY - immunoassays確定抗原 - ELISA (serum/blood)免疫血清 - rapid diagnostics快速診斷 - DNA based DNA基礎(chǔ),RELATIONSHIPS關(guān)系 - CRC-DT, CDC - U.S. Army 美國(guó)軍隊(duì) - World Health Org國(guó)際健康組織. - universities大學(xué) - distribution network分享網(wǎng)絡(luò) - employee (science/mkt)雇員,C2 = “Rapid Learning”,Leading to,A

14、n organization at the frontier of its intellectual field is more likely to stay at the frontier. It can attract and challenge more and better intellect than its competitors. By solving more advanced problems, it has more capacity to solve others. And so on.” 一個(gè)處于智力領(lǐng)域的前沿的組織一定處于行業(yè)的前沿。它能夠比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手吸引更多更好的人才

15、且為其提供更多的機(jī)會(huì)。通過(guò)解決尖端問(wèn)題它也能解決其他問(wèn)題。 - JB Quinn,BIOTECH INC.,Value價(jià)值 Uniqueness唯一 Learning學(xué)習(xí),C2 =快速學(xué)習(xí),Combination of people and systems leads to.,Human Capital,Social Capital,Organizational Capital,BioTech, Inc.: Intellectual capital生物技術(shù)：智力資本,People,Systems,KNOWLEDGE知識(shí) - microbiology - biochemistry - bioco

16、njugation - imunodiagnostics,PROCESSES流程 - R&D/Mfg. - bioconjugation - antibody purification - PCR amplification - DNA hybridization - TQM - commercialization,TECHNOLOGIES技術(shù) - immunoassays - ELISA (serum/blood) - rapid diagnostics - DNA based detection,RELATIONSHIPS關(guān)系 - CRC-DT, CDC - U.S. Army - Wor

17、ld Health Org. - universities - distribution network - employee (science/mkt),C2 = “Rapid Learning”快速學(xué)習(xí),PEOPLE,SYSTEMS,Core Competence核心能力,人員,系統(tǒng),人力資本,社會(huì)資本,組織資本,人與系統(tǒng)的整合導(dǎo)致,How does human capital contribute to the core competence?人力資本對(duì)核心能力的貢獻(xiàn),Value有價(jià)值的 Unique唯一的,Resources need to be:資源是,Benefits VALUE

18、價(jià)值= - Costs,Drives innovation推動(dòng)變革 Responds to customer demands反映消費(fèi)者需求 Provides excellent customer service提供出色的客戶(hù)服務(wù) Achieves highest quality達(dá)成最優(yōu)質(zhì)量 Instrumental in process improvements有助于流程完善 Develops new business opportunities發(fā)展新的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) Directly affects efficiency and productivity直接影響效率和生產(chǎn)率 Minimizes c

19、osts of production, service, delivery最小化產(chǎn)品成本、服務(wù)成本、送貨成本,Not widely available in the marketz在市場(chǎng)上沒(méi)有得到廣泛的信賴(lài) Cannot be bought or appropriated不能被購(gòu)買(mǎi)或采購(gòu) Difficult to imitate or duplicate難以模仿或復(fù)制 Specialized KSAs特別的KSA Difficult to replace難以替代 Customized to our firm在公司定做 Developed through on-the-job experienc

20、es通過(guò)有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人培訓(xùn) Distinguishes us from our competitors差異化,收益,成本,KEY 財(cái)務(wù)人員 HR人員 技術(shù)管理團(tuán)隊(duì) 信息系統(tǒng)員 操作人員 市場(chǎng)/銷(xiāo)售 研發(fā)員 質(zhì)量控制人員 生物研究員 客戶(hù)服務(wù)人員 . 快速診斷員 .法律顧問(wèn) 分配,研發(fā)人員,機(jī)械操作員,運(yùn)輸員,銷(xiāo)售員,銷(xiāo)售員,技術(shù)管 理團(tuán)隊(duì),客戶(hù)服 務(wù)人員,HR 人員,研發(fā)人員,快速診斷員,財(cái)務(wù) 人員,客戶(hù)服務(wù)人員,操作工,研發(fā) 人員,研發(fā) 合作伙伴,Core Knowledge 核心知識(shí),Low VALUE high,低 唯一性 高,人力資本圖,快速 診斷,Scott A. Snell, Co

21、rnell University,C2 = Rapid Learning,HR 人員,法律 顧問(wèn),信息管 理員,生物研究員,財(cái)務(wù)人員,質(zhì)量 控制員,技術(shù)管 理團(tuán)隊(duì),公用型知識(shí)Compulsory Knowledge,Idiosyncratic Knowledge 特殊知識(shí),輔助型知識(shí)Ancillary Knowledge,價(jià)值,低,高,R&D,Manufacturing/ Operations,Distribution,Sales,Sales,TMT,Cust Serv,HR,R&D,Rapids,Fin,Customer Service,Mfg,R&D,R&D Partners,Core K

22、nowledge 核心知識(shí),Low VALUE high,Low UNIQUE high,BIOTECH, INC: Mapping Human Capital人力資本圖,KEY Finance財(cái)務(wù) HR人力資源 TMT技術(shù)管理團(tuán)隊(duì) MIS信息系統(tǒng) Mfg/Operations 操作人員 Market/Sales市場(chǎng)/銷(xiāo)售 R&D研發(fā) Quality質(zhì)量 Biologicals生物 Cust. Service客戶(hù)服務(wù) Rapid Diag. 快速診斷 Legal/Reg.法律 Distribution 分配,Rapids,Scott A. Snell, Cornell University,C

23、2 = Rapid Learning,HR,Legal,MIS,Biologicals,Fin,Quality,TMT,Compulsory Knowledge,Idiosyncratic Knowledge 特殊知識(shí),Ancillary Knowledge,唯一性,價(jià)值,低,高,低,高,High Value高價(jià)值,Low Value 低價(jià)值,Generic普遍性,Core核心,Idiosyncratic 獨(dú)特性,Ancillary 輔助性,Compulsory公用性,Unique唯一性,Human Capital Architecture 人力資本架構(gòu),Human Capital uniqu

24、e value,HRM System,Employ Mode,人力資本 唯一性 有價(jià)值,人力資源管理系統(tǒng),雇傭模型,Core Human Capital核心人力資本 High Value: Direct link to core competence 高價(jià)值：直接與核心能力相連 High Uniqueness: Firm-specific knowledge and skills 獨(dú)一無(wú)二：公司特別的知識(shí)和技能,High Value,High Value,Low Value,Low Value,Unique,Generic,Generic,Idiosyncratic,Idiosyncratic,Ancillary,Ancillary,Compulsory,Compulsory,Human Capital Architecture,Core,例如,Employment Mode: kn