18 19Unit2SectionⅢGrammar名詞性從句Ⅱ與it作形式主語(yǔ)

1、Section山 Grammar名詞性從句(n )與it作形式主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟 What I always dreamt of has come true. I always won dered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. It is certa in that this process will continue. It i

2、s in terest ing to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. It is fun wandering in the countryside.1. 以上第、句中的黑 體部分都是名詞性從句，它們 分別在各自的句子中作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。2. 以上第、句中的黑 體部分都是it作形式主語(yǔ)的 用法，it分別替代的是主語(yǔ)從 句、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞短 語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法精要點(diǎn)撥一、連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1.由 what, which, who/whom, whose 等連接代詞和 when, where, why, how等

3、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。(1) 主語(yǔ)從句What surprised us was her ignoran ce.使我們吃驚的是她的無(wú)知。Where we will go has nt bee n decided.我們要去哪兒還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)。Whe n she will come is still unknown.她何時(shí)來(lái)還不知道。(2) 賓語(yǔ)從句The school was built on what used to be a wastela nd.這所學(xué)校是在以前的荒地上建造的。Now we dont know how the pyramids we

4、re built.現(xiàn)在我們不知道金字塔是如何建造的。Please tell me whose book it is請(qǐng)告訴我這是誰(shuí)的書。(3) 表語(yǔ)從句The problem is how we could make him un dersta nd it.問(wèn)題是我們?nèi)绾文苁顾靼走@些。The questio n is where we should go.問(wèn)題是我們應(yīng)該去哪兒。He was ill.That was why he did nt atte nd the meeti ng他病了。那就是他沒(méi)出席 會(huì)議的原因。He did nt atte nd the meet in g.That w

5、as because he was 他沒(méi)出席會(huì)議。那是因 為他生病了。(4) 同位語(yǔ)從句1 have no idea where he has gone.我不知道他去哪里了。We dont un dersta nd the problem why this is the best choice我 們不明白這個(gè)問(wèn) 題一一為什么這是最好的選擇。2 連接代詞和連接副詞的選擇連接代詞和連接副詞的選擇要把握住兩點(diǎn)：(1) 成分：連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。(2) 意義：無(wú)論是連接代詞還是連接副詞，通常都有各自的意義。Thats where the accide nt

6、 took place.那就是事故發(fā)生的地方。(作狀語(yǔ)，意為“的地方”)She did nt know who/whom we were talk ing about 她不知道我們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l(shuí)。(作 介詞賓語(yǔ)，意為“誰(shuí)”)即時(shí)演練1選詞填空： when, why, how, which, what, who, whom Do you know when the train arrives. Can you tell me why you chose the topic to write an article. How I can make greater progress later is a p

7、roblem. Which team will win is not clear. What I want to know is who took away my book. The problem is whom we should have do it.3. what與that的用法區(qū)別(1) that只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也無(wú)任何意義。(2) what引導(dǎo)從句，除起連接作用外，還在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成 分，這時(shí)what具有兩個(gè)含義： 保留疑問(wèn)的意義，即“什么；什么樣的”； 相當(dāng)于“the thing(s) that/which,即“先行詞+定語(yǔ)從句”的含義。另外，

8、what的此種用法還可以表示時(shí)間(the time that)、地點(diǎn)(the place that) 人物(the person that)數(shù)目(the amount/number that)等不同概念。You can have what you like.你喜歡什么就拿什么吧。The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻煩在于她弄丟了他的地址。After what seemed a long wait, the results were announ ced 經(jīng)過(guò)了似乎漫長(zhǎng)的 等待之后，結(jié)果被宣布了。即時(shí)演練2單句改錯(cuò) That the pro

9、fessor said is of great importa nee.That What The key is that we can get from it.thaHwhat He saves that he earn s.thatwhat I know the fact what he came here two years ago.what that4. “疑問(wèn)詞+ -ever”與“ no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”的用法區(qū)別whoever，whatever，whichever等既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從 句，而“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。即時(shí)演練3句型轉(zhuǎn)

10、換 Anyone who comes here is welcome.第4頁(yè)Whoever comes here is welcome. You can do anything you like.You can do whatever you like.二、it用作形式主語(yǔ)當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為避免頭重腳輕，通常在句首使用 形式主語(yǔ)it，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子末尾。1 代替主語(yǔ)從句it代替主語(yǔ)從句的常用句式如下：(1) lt be+ 名詞(a pity, a shame, an honour, a good idea, a miracle, a fact, com mon kn

11、o wledge, a surprise .+ 從句。It is a pity that I cant go with you because I have to look after my little brother. 很遺憾我不能和你一起去，因?yàn)槲冶仨氄湛次业牡艿?。It is com mon kno wledge that the earth turns around the sun 地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)是 常識(shí)。(2) It be+形容詞(clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, stra nge, un

12、 certa in, obvious, importa nt + 從句。It is obvious that they are for the pla n.很明顯他們贊同此項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。(3) It + 不及物動(dòng)詞(happen, seem, appear, chanee, occur, matter +從句。It happe ned/cha need that I was in the coun tryside at the time.那時(shí)我恰巧在鄉(xiāng) 下。It seems that it is going to rain soon.看起來(lái)天馬上要下雨了。(4) It + be+過(guò)去分詞(found

13、, believed, reported, thought, no ted, proved, known, decided, suggested, required .+ 從句。It is reported that the fire caused a great loss and hun dreds of people died.據(jù)報(bào)道這一次火災(zāi)損失巨大并且數(shù)百人死亡。名師點(diǎn)津 “It + be+ said/believed/reported/.that .” 句型一般可轉(zhuǎn)換成“sb./sth.+be said/believed/reported/.+ 不定式” 句型。第4頁(yè)It is sa

14、id that he has got a doctors degree.=He is said to have got a doctors degree.據(jù)說(shuō)他獲得了博士學(xué)位。(2) 在句型 “It + is/was+ adj. +主語(yǔ)從句”中，如果形容詞是 important, strange natural, necessary等，從句謂語(yǔ)部分要用 “should+動(dòng)詞原形”形式， should 可以省略。It was n ecessary that we (should)make everythi ng ready ahead of tim我 們有必要提前把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。(3) 在“It

15、 is/was+過(guò)去分詞+ that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果動(dòng)詞是require, dema nd,request等，從句謂語(yǔ)部分要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”形式，should可以省略。It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.要求所有人都不能在這里吸煙。2代替不定式短語(yǔ)It is hard to translate this sentence into English.把這個(gè)句子譯成英語(yǔ)很難。3代替動(dòng)詞 -ing 短語(yǔ)Its no use argu ing with him同 他爭(zhēng)辯沒(méi)用。4it 作形式主語(yǔ)和 it 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的比較it 作形式

16、主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 沒(méi)有變化，可以是that，whether或連接代詞、連接副詞。而it強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句 子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that，若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who。試比較：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你沒(méi)有去看電影真遺憾。(主語(yǔ)從句 )It does nt in terest me whether you succeed or not.你成功與否我都不感興趣。 (主語(yǔ)從句 )It was in the morning that the murder too

17、k place.正是上午的時(shí)候謀殺案發(fā)生第 5 頁(yè)了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）It was Joh n that/who broke the wi ndow.是約翰把窗子打破的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）即時(shí)演練4用it作形式主語(yǔ)改寫句子 To remember this rule is importa nt.f Its importa nt to remember this rule. Lying in the sun in win ter is pleasa nt.f It is pleasa nt lying in the sun in win ter. That her hair was tur ning gr

18、ey worried her a bit.f It worried her a bit that her hair was tur ning grey.隨堂效果落實(shí)I .語(yǔ)境填詞根據(jù)語(yǔ)境在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1. What is important is how to persuade her to change her mind.2. You may choose whatever topic you like to write your composition.3. Could you tell us when/whether he will come?4. It

19、 is clear that the weather will soon turn out fine.5. Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.6. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution is just what worries the public.7. I prefer shutt ing myself in and liste ning to music all day on Sun days.Thats where I dont agree.You should have a more active life.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):45912019】8. Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the light.9. He got killed in the accident.Thats because he was careless.10. Ji is very important that each of us pay attention to our English learning.n .單句改錯(cuò)（每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤）1.