2019年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法講解

1、2019 年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法講解( 一) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 分 類英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài) . ，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river. ( 主動(dòng))A new bridge will be built over the river. ( 被動(dòng))漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞 be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。( 二) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在 be 的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞 be 的變化形式完全一樣。

2、以 give 為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are + done一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was / were + done一般將來(lái)時(shí)： shall / will + be done一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： should / would + be done現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)： am / is / are + being + done過(guò)去實(shí)行時(shí)： was / were + being + done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has + been + done過(guò)去完成時(shí)： had + been + done將來(lái)完成時(shí)： shall / will + have been + done過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)： sho

3、uld / would + have been + done 注 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒(méi)有將來(lái)實(shí)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)實(shí)行時(shí)。( 三) 常見(jiàn)的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory lastmonth.The building of a new car factory was agreed on lastmonth.3

4、. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：(1)The manager said they would complete the project bythe end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by theend of the year.5. 現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons

5、are being broadcasted on the radio.6. 過(guò)去實(shí)行時(shí)：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be putoff.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had alreadysold out t

6、he tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets hadalready been sold out.( 四) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.( 五) 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 的 使 用1. 當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用 by 短語(yǔ)?！癕r.

7、 White, the cup was broken after class. ”2. 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用 by短語(yǔ)。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.3. 當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用 in + 名詞作狀語(yǔ)，而代替 by 短語(yǔ)。These cars were made in China.( 六) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1) My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) I

8、 was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)(2) The school set up a special class to help poorreaders. A special class to help poor readers was set up inthe school.1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的 be + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~ by 的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后， by 短語(yǔ)能夠省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

9、態(tài)中用 in + 地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。( 七) 語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問(wèn)題1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. ( 準(zhǔn)確)A new computer have been bought. ( 錯(cuò)誤)2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a

10、 present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(yǔ) ( 指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ) ( 指人) 前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還能夠說(shuō)：A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 to ，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell,show, take, teach, tell 等。(1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her.2. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間

11、接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get,keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。(1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us.3. 由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：不及物動(dòng)詞 + 介詞，如： agree to

12、, ask for, laugh at,operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.及物動(dòng)詞 + 副詞：如： bring about, carry out, find out,give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, putoff, think over, turn down, work

13、 out, turn out 等。His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the badweather4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) ( 賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.(2) She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to fo

14、llow her instructions.注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at,make, feel 等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to ，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶 to ，這時(shí)不定式為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不存有省略 to 的問(wèn)題。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.5. 當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是 nobody, no one 等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)?anybody, 作 by 的賓語(yǔ)，并

15、將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Nobody can answer this question.誤：The question can be answered by nobody.正：The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是 anything, anybody, anyone 等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)?nothing, nobody, no one 作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：They havent done anything to make the river clean.誤：Anythin

16、g hasnt been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7. 以 who為主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用 by whom放在句首：Who wrote the story?誤：Who was the story written?正：By whom was the story written?8. 有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和 well, badly,easily 等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有： wri

17、te, read, clean,sell, wash, cook 等。如：(1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。(2)The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對(duì)比：The books sell well. ( 主動(dòng)句)The books were sold out. ( 被動(dòng)句)The meat didn t cook well. ( 主動(dòng)句)The meat was cooked for a long time. ( 被動(dòng)句)9. 下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如： feel ，look

18、, seem, taste, sound, remain 等。第二，謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞 leave, enter, reach, suit, have,benefit, lack, own 等。如：He entered the room and got his book.誤：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.誤：Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如： take place,break out, belong to, lose heart, consi

19、st of, add up to 等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如： rise, happen, succeed,remain, lie 等。When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun hadalready risen.誤：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses re

20、mained.誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式， v-ing 形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：I taught myself English.誤：Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤：Each other is loved.10. 在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：據(jù)說(shuō) It is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) It is reported that 據(jù)推測(cè) It is supp

21、osed that 希望 It is hoped that 眾所周知 It is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為 It is generally considered that 有人建議 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented theelectric lamp.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)題1. ( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,19

22、49.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is oftensung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is ma

23、king D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _.A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it hadbeen sold( ) 3 A new house

24、_ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. bebuilding( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ nex

25、t month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is beingpublished D. has been published3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is notspeaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have notbeen written C. has not written D. has not been written( )

26、3 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C.How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are( ) 3 _ these

27、 desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C.wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2 Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. a

28、m6( ) 1 The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D.must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mend7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometow

29、n_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going tobe rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. isshown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. areg

30、oing to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a longtime.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. havebeen kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; tokeep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China.A.

31、grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainyweather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirtythings into it.A. be stopp

32、ed to throw B. be stopped from throwing C.stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and _politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 4 Old people must _.A. look after well B

33、. be looked well after C. looked wellafter D. be looked after well10( ) 1 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. takegood care of D. take good care( ) 2 They were_ at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 3 These walls _

34、stone.A. are made of B. made of. C. are made into D. made into11( ) 1 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 2 The papers _ to them.A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 3 The coat_her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made

35、for D. was madeto12( ) 1 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go ornot.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 2 Good care_such things.A. should take of B.should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 3 She will_good care_.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you

36、 D. be taken;of you13( ) 1 The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. wasmade clean( ) 3 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to14( ) 1 T

37、hese stones_well.A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( ) 2 The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( ) 3 The important meeting _ on a cold morning lastyear.A. washad B. was held C. held D. had15( ) 1 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken

38、 place C. were taking place D.had taken place( ) 2 You cant use the computer, it_.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has brokendown( ) 3 Great changes_in our country during the past 20years.A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D.were happened( ) 4 The watch has often _ down.A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell16( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one_.A. is broken B. is br