現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)

1、1. I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. (北京2005春)A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finishedC. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish2. Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.(重慶 2005)A. has been caused B. had been causedC. will b

2、e caused D. will have been caused3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (江蘇 2004)A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated4. The window is dirty. I know. It for weeks.(2004全國(guó)卷)A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned這幾道高考題考查的都是現(xiàn)在

3、完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，下面我們談?wù)勊挠梅ā?) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示“已經(jīng)被”。如：The new school has been set up. 新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式為：have / has + been + done。如： The experiment has been done successfully. 這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式為：have / has + not + been + done。如

4、：Toms novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說(shuō)還沒(méi)有被出版。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句需將have / has提到主語(yǔ)的前面。如：Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問(wèn)句為：疑問(wèn)詞 + have / has + been + done。如： Who has been invited? 誰(shuí)受到了邀請(qǐng)？最后，我們?cè)賮?lái)看一下這幾道高考題：第1題的第一句話告訴我們，櫥柜里看不到咖啡了，所以緊接著要問(wèn)“咖啡已經(jīng)被喝完了嗎？”，故選A。第2題的意思是“昨晚橫掃英格蘭北部的暴風(fēng)雨已經(jīng)造成了上百萬(wàn)英鎊的損

5、失”，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故選A。第3題中的patients與treat之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A、B。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this year可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D。第4題上句提到“窗戶很臟”，所以下句應(yīng)該是“窗戶已經(jīng)有數(shù)周沒(méi)有被擦了”，故選D?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講與練現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個(gè)概念： 1說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。 2主語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由havehas beenved構(gòu)成，其中ved為過(guò)去分詞，表示被動(dòng)。如： I have been told about it many times The bridge has j

6、ust been built 在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下兩點(diǎn)： 1過(guò)去分詞前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞：havehas和been。 2必須表示被動(dòng)。如： 1）.誤Many new buildings been built since 1980 正Many new buildings have been built since 1980 析謂語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全，時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。 2）.誤Something bad has been happened to him 正Something bad has happened to him 析被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3

7、）.誤The door has been opened of itself 正The door has opened of itself 析有些動(dòng)詞如open，break，drop等既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞，若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，我們通常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。of itself意思是“自動(dòng)地”，因此，此句不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4）.誤I have introduced to Mr Smith 正I have been introduced to Mr Smith （by Mr Wang） 析introduce為及物動(dòng)詞，I是introduce的承受者。 Choose the best ans

8、wer 1Paper money for over a thousand years Aused Bhas been used Chas used Dis using 2Great changes in my hometown and a lot of factories Ahave been taken place； are being set up Bhave taken place； have been set up Care taken place； had been set up Dhad taken place； will be set up 3Come and sit down

9、by the fireYour hand cold Ahas been felt Bfeels Cis felt Dhas felt 4The fire to the fifth floor all the people？ Ahas got；Have；been saved Bhas been got；Have；saved Chas got；Do；save Dhas got；Have；saved 5We want to sit at the table near the window Im sorry，but it already Ahas taken Btook Cwas taken Dhas

10、 been taken 6Some of the chapters（片段） by many students Ahave been widely read Bhave read widely Cwere wide read Dhad been widely read 7Why dont you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books there Ahave just brought Bhave just been brought Cwere just brought Dare just brought 8Till now，th

11、ree films in that small village this month Ahave shown Bhave been shown Cwere shown Dwill be shown9Do you know the thief by the police？ Ahas caught Bhas been catching Cwas caught Dhas been caught 10My sister is working in the power plant that for just one year Awas used Bhas been used Cis used Dhas

12、used Key: 1-5 BBBAD 6-10 ABBDB 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成與用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是本課中的重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，為幫助同學(xué)們更好地學(xué)習(xí)和鞏固此語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)做了以下幾點(diǎn)歸納：一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式由“have has been 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：Two windows have been broken兩個(gè)窗子被打破了。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式由“have has notbeen 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：The car has not been repaired這輛汽車還沒(méi)有修好。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)式由“Ha

13、ve Has 主語(yǔ)been及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了嗎？Yes，it has是的，完成了。Have the cars been repaired？這些汽車修好了嗎？No，they havent不，還沒(méi)有。4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問(wèn)式由“疑問(wèn)詞havehas主語(yǔ)been及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by the new computer？誰(shuí)已經(jīng)得到了這臺(tái)新計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助？How many

14、 new words have been learned by the students？這些學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了多少單詞？二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要用法1表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過(guò)去），強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。例如：The door has been locked門被鎖上了。（結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有人能進(jìn)去）2表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能將持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于Howlong？句型中。例如：They have been told about it for many times有人告訴他們這事很多次了。（可能還會(huì)有人告訴他們）

15、How long has the machine been used？這機(jī)器使用有多久了？三、使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)需要注意的問(wèn)題1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即 have has和been，兩者缺一不可。2注意與一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重說(shuō)明該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。例如：The house was built last year這房子是去年建造的。The house has been built這房子已經(jīng)建好了。3由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如for four days，how long等連用，而要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。例如：譯：這本書買了多久了？誤：How long has this book been bo