人教版新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)高二上模塊六UNIT 1：學(xué)案（虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法詳解）高中高一高二高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)案英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案UNIT 1 2 3 4 5每單元完整學(xué)案

1、2011-2012人教版新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)高二上模塊六unit 1：學(xué)案（虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法詳解） 選修 6 unit 1 art語(yǔ)法課 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法詳解 1. 條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會(huì)產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間有三種不同的形式。時(shí)間 從句謂語(yǔ)形式 主句謂語(yǔ)形式將來(lái)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)should + 動(dòng)詞原形were to + 動(dòng)詞原形would / should / might / could + 動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could +

2、 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞would / should / might / could have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞2. 條件中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的舉例(1) 將來(lái)時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：if he should go to qing hua university, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會(huì)充分利用他的時(shí)間了。if he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要來(lái)的話，他會(huì)通知我們一聲。(2) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：if he were fre

3、e, he would help us. 要是他有空的話，他會(huì)幫助我們的。if he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。(3) 過(guò)去時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：if i had seen the film, i would have told you about it. 我如果看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影，我會(huì)把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。if i had got there earlier, i would have met mr. li. 如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會(huì)會(huì)到了李先生。3. 運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，須注

4、意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1) 當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可用was代替were。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及if i were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：were i ten years younger, i would study abroad. 要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會(huì)去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。if i were you, i would try my best to grasp the chance.我要是你的話，要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。(2) 混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣/錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，須區(qū)別對(duì)待。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主

5、句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：if i had worked hard at school, i would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)使工程師了if they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如：if he were free today, we would have sent him to beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了 。if he k

6、new her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：if it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。if he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了?；旌咸摂M語(yǔ)氣還有一種情況就是事實(shí)和虛擬假

7、設(shè)的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時(shí)間的不同，而重要是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合。 i would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but i was fully occupied the whole of last week. 該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，而后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。 your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your p

8、arents were ill at the time. 該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬，后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬（如果你去并且解釋的話），但是后半句的從句用的是事實(shí)語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)椤案改覆×恕笔强陀^事實(shí)，故不需要用虛擬形式had been。 (3) 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她

9、在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。(4) 有時(shí)，句子沒(méi)有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過(guò)上下文或其他方式來(lái)判斷。如：i would have come to see you, but i was too busy. 我本該來(lái)看你了，然而我太忙了。but for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。without your instruction

10、, i would not have made such great progress. 要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。(5) 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句he would have finished it. 他本該完成了。you could have passed this exam. 你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試了。省略主句if i were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。if only i had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。2 wish 所接從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬 : wish + (t

11、hat)+did(were) 對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬 : wish + (that)+had done 對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬 : wish + would/could/might+do3 would rather 從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 對(duì)現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)虛擬：i would rather sb. did sth. 對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬：i would rather sb. +had done4 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist; 兩個(gè)命令order, command ; 三條建議suggest , advise, propose; 六項(xiàng)要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire + (that) sb

12、. (should) do sth. 注意: suggest表暗示, 表明時(shí) insist表堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣5 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的固定句型： it is + adj.(important, necessary, natural, right, strange, surprising) + that sb.（should）do sth. it is + n.(a pity/a shame） + that sb.（should）do sth. it is (high, about, low) time + thatsb. did sth./ sb. should do sth. (should不

13、可省略) she takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child.6 含蓄虛擬：but for (如果不是因?yàn)?=if it were not for/if it hadnt been for, without, otherwise but for your help, i would have failed. without the money, i would not be alive now. she wasnt feeling very well. otherwise she wouldnt have left the meet

14、ing so early. 即時(shí)練習(xí): 1. i didnt see your sister at the meeting. if she _, she would have met my brother. a. has come b. did come c. came d. had come 2. _ for the free tickets, i wouldnt have gone to the films so often. a. if it is not b. were it not c. had it not been d. if they were not 3. i support

15、ed him in time, otherwise he _ off the bike. a. might fall b. would fall c. should have fallen d. would have fallen 4. without liberation we _ a new life. a. would not begin b. did not begin c. had not begun d. would not have begun 5. if only grandmother _ this together with us now. a. will see b. c

16、ould see c. must see d. should see 6. henry would rather his mother _ in the school where he is studying. a. not work b. not worked c. didnt work d. not working 7. is it necessary that he _ the examination before he asks for a leave? a. takes b. has to take c. must taked. take 8. it is urged that no

17、 smoking _ in the library and other smoke-free zones on the campus. a. should allow b. be allowed c. will be allowed d. is allowed 9. it is strange that he _ you this. a. would tell b. should tell c. had told d. has told 10. my suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. a. be sent b. h

18、ave sent c. sent d. should sent 11. we felt as if we _ each other for years when we first met each other. a. knew b. were knowing c. had known d. have known 12. janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. a. be; should have b. was; have c. sh

19、ould be; had d. was; has 13. i wish you _ him my telephone number，but you did. a. didnt give b. hadnt given c. wouldnt give d. shouldnt give 14. it has been raining for a day, but even though it hadnt rained, we _ there by tomorrow. a. cant get b. wont get c. hadnt got d. wouldnt get15. -“ive told e

20、veryone about it. ” -“oh, id rather you _. ” a. didnt b. hadnt c. couldnt d. wouldnt16. i wish that i _ with you last night. a. went b. have gone c. could go d. could have gone17. looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages. a. has been b. was c. is d. had been 18. id rather you anyth

21、ing about it for the time being. a. do b. didnt do c. dont d. didnt 19. the english examination i would have gone to the concert last sunday. a. in spite of b. but for c. because of d. as for 20. hes working hard for fear that he . a. should fall behind b. fell behind c. may fall behind d. would fal

22、l behind 完成句子:1._ they did playing the computer games, they would have passed the exam. (要是他們花同樣多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)) (spend)2. over years, now we come to realize _ our time.(本應(yīng)該多么充分地使用) (make)3. it looks as if we _ what we are asked. (別無(wú)它法只能做) (choice)4. he _ rather than steal. (寧愿餓死) (prefer)5. the people expressed their desire that_ soon. (結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)) (come)6. for