七年級英語名詞[谷風教學]

1、專題一 名詞知識點撥名詞是用來表示人名,食物名稱,時間,地點和抽象概念等的一類詞,雖然在漢語中的名詞在含以上是相同的,但是他們的語法特點卻有著巨大的差別.u 知識點一：名詞的分類專有名詞The Bible圣經 Mt. Fuji富士山普通名詞可數名詞個體名詞friend 朋友 suitcase 手提箱superman 超人 集體名詞audience 觀眾 crew 全體船員team 隊不可數名詞物質名詞wool 羊毛 beef 牛肉honey 蜂蜜抽象名詞wealth 財富 courage 勇氣ability 能力復合名詞Snowfall 降雪量 updraft 上升氣流u 知識點二：名詞的數

2、能用來數字計數的名詞是可數名詞，不能用具體數字的名詞是不可數名詞。1. 可數名詞的數可數名詞有單數和復數兩種形式。單數可數名詞可與不定式aan連用。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分，也不能和aan連用。 單數變復數的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls2以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loa

3、f-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結尾的名詞，或專有名詞以y結尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, 6以輔音字母加-o結尾的名詞一般加-eshero-heroes,potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-sp

4、iano-pianos, photo-photos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, 7以元音字母加-o結尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos單數變復數的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復數相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有復數形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks

5、, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數（整體）也可以作復數（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復數形式表示特別含義customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘

6、), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復數同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿祍ons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-teller

7、s, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿礸rown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿祑omen singers, men servants考點例:At night the koala bear gets up and eats_廣元A1eaf B1eaves C leafs 不可數名詞的數英語中不可數名詞的形式比較復雜，在不同的語境下，有些不可數名詞表示不同的概念，從而表現(xiàn)出可數與不可數的區(qū)別。（1） 常見的不可數名詞：不可數名詞一般只有單數形式，沒有復數形式。專有名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞在一般情況下為不可數名詞.專有名詞BBC th

8、e West Lake物質名詞milk light抽象名詞Happiness Progress （2）:不可數名詞如果一定要表示單數或復數形式時，要借助于可數名詞，構成of結構。a cup of tea一杯茶two cups of tea兩杯茶a piece of bread一塊面包four pieces of bread四塊面包(3):可以修飾不可數名詞的詞和短語：a little有一些 little幾乎沒有 a bit of有一點much很多 some any一些 考點例: Would you like some drinks, boys? 河北 Yes,_ please.A.some o

9、ranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D.two bottles of orange u 知識點三：名詞的格名詞的格分為主格、賓格和所有格。名詞的主格和賓格相同，一般就是名詞本身。名詞的所有格是表示名詞的所屬關系的形式，名詞所有格的構成有s所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格三種形式。（1）s所有格：s所有格形式在英語中是構成名詞所有關系時最常用的形式。s所有格的構成構成讀音示例一般情況下在名詞詞尾加s在清輔音后讀sDicks hobby迪克的愛好Philips part-time job菲利浦的兼職工作在濁輔音或元音后讀zMarys wis

10、hes瑪麗的心愿Bobs backpack鮑勃的背包在等音素后讀the buss mirror公共汽車的鏡子，Marxs advice on how to study English馬克思關于如何學習英語的建議若名詞已有以-s或-es結尾的復數詞尾，直接在其后加撇號保持原單詞的讀音不變my parents hope我父母的希望these factories workers這些工廠的工人們不以-s結尾的復數名詞直接在其后加s與名詞復數詞尾的讀音相同childrens time孩子們的時間mens clothes男子服裝(2)s所有格形式的特殊用法兩人或多人共有一樣東西時，只變化最后一個名詞的詞尾

11、，如果為各自所有，各個名詞的詞尾都要變化。John and Susans father約翰和蘇珊的父親（兩個人共同的父親）請比較：Johns and Susans fathers.（兩個人的不同的父親）North Koreas, Japans and Americas problems (朝鮮、日本和美國各自的問題表示時間、距離、國家、地點、自然現(xiàn)象、擬人等無生命的名詞的所有格也有s的式表示時間：two days trip兩天的旅行todays newspaper今天的報紙表示距離：two hours walk兩小時的徒步路程ten minutes drive十分鐘的車程表示國家：Chinas

12、 weather中國的天氣South Koreas problems韓國考點例: 1、_fathers are both scientists 咸寧 AJims and Bob BJims and Bobs CJim and Bobs DJim and Bob2、_room is big and brightThey like it very much 河北ATom and Sam BToms find Sam CTom and Sams DToms and Samsu 知識點四：相關考點名詞的可數與不可數性。名詞單復數在特定情況下的使用。名詞的普通格與所有格作定語的選用。物質名詞、抽象名詞具

13、體化。課外拓展 Is that bag heavy, Penny? Not very Here! Put it on this chair Whats in it? A piece of cheese A loaf of bread A bar of soap A bar of Chocolate A bottle of milk A pound of sugar Half a pound of coffee A quarter of pound of tea And a tin of tobacco Is that tin of tobacco for me? Well, its certa

14、inly not for me!詞匯短語拓展A glass of water two cups of tea a piece of paperFive bows of ricce few/a few littel/a little Many/much a lot of/lots of a number of/the number of Some/any練習題I. 寫出下列名詞的復數形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10.

15、city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _33. life _ 34. t

16、ooth _ 35. wife _ . 選擇填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheep

17、s B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 5. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys moth

18、er C. Mary mothers D. mothers of Mary 7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C

19、. girl D. child 10. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 教育材料l#12. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows

20、13. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. - Whose room is this? - Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings D. Li Mings 15. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A

21、. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. Whats the Chinese for “ PRC”? A. 中國人民解放軍 B. 中華人民共和國 C. 聯(lián)合國 D. 中國共產黨 19. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 20. Mum,

22、Im quite thirsty. Please give me _. A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 21. How wonderful! The _ is made of _. A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses 22. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day.

23、A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 23. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 24. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 25. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 26. - Excuse me, ar

24、e you _? - Yes, Im from _. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America 專題二 代詞代詞的分類：英語中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等第一講：人稱代詞 、物主代詞、反身代詞 知識點撥u 知識點一：人稱代詞的用法 1、人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。第一人稱單數第二人稱單數第三人稱單數第一人稱復數第二人稱復數第三人稱復數陽性陰性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)sh

25、e(她)it(它)we(我們)you(你們)they (他們,她們,它們)賓格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我們)you(你們)them (他們,她們,它們)（1）、主格用來 作句子的主語、表語。如： I often go shopping on Sundays Are they from Brazil?（2）、賓格用來做及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。如：Who teaches you English this year? Help me!（3）、人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than或as之后時,可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語中大多用賓格。如：-W

26、ho is it? Its I/me.(是我。)（4）、三個不同人稱同時出現(xiàn),或者主語中包含“我”時,按照“youheI”的順序表達。如：如: Both he and I are working at that computer company. Who will go there? You and me.(你和我)（5)、人稱代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示“時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義,此外還可以作“非人稱代詞”使用,替代做主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。如： -Whats the weather like today?Its fine.考點例1： Though

27、 it rained heavily, _ were still playing on the playground.A. they B. them C. their D. themselves例2：Tom and _ will go to see our teacher, for _ is ill.A. I; she B. me; she C. I; her D. me; heru 知識點二：物主代詞的用法物主代詞：說明事物所屬關系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。第一人稱單數第二人稱單數第三人稱單數第一人稱復 數第二人稱復數第三人稱復數陽性陰性中性形容詞性my(我的)your(你的)his

28、(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我們的)your(你們的)their (他們的,她們的,它們的)名詞性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我們的)yours(你們的)theirs(他們的,她們的,它們的)（1)、形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語,后面要跟名詞。如：Is that your umbrella? They are their books。(2)、名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關系,在句子中往往獨立地做主語、賓語或者表語,后面千萬不可以跟名詞。如：This is your cup, but whe

29、re is mine) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(3)、“of + 名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語時放在名詞的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一個朋友昨天來看我了) (指若干朋友中有一個來看我。)試比較 My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天來看我了)(指我的那個特定的朋友來看我。)考點例1： Sorry I have forgot _ telephone number.A. yours B.

30、 him C. you D. his例2： Our room is big, but_ is bigger than_.A. their; our B. their; ours C. theirs; ours D. theirs; ouru 知識點三：反身代詞的用法反身代詞：表示謂語的動作與主語有關或者賓語補足語的動作與賓語有關。第一人稱單數第二人稱單數第三人稱單數第一人稱復數第二人稱復數第三人稱復數陽性陰性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我們自己)yourselves(你們自己)th

31、emselves (他們/她們/它們自己)(1)、反身代詞在句子中作賓語表示反射(指一個動作回到該動作執(zhí)行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself(2)、在句子中作同位語表示強調(即用來強調名詞或代詞的語氣)。如：The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.考點例1： Let Tony do it by_. He is no longer a kidA. him B. his C. himself D. he例2：You are twelve now. _ mu

32、st look after_.A. You; yourself B. Your; yourself C. You; your D. Youre; yourself課外拓展 Some students think taking notes by hand is too tiring. So they use digital cameras to take pictures of the 11 that their teachers write on blackboards. Some even use digital recorders to record 12 teachers say in

33、class. The kids are smart to 13 technology. They might think there are too many notes to take. They might think that teachers write too fast. Anyway, they are trying to find ways to make things 14 . But do digital cameras or recorders really make taking notes easier?Not really. Before you 15 the not

34、es from digital cameras, there are a lot of things to do. You have to find a computer to download the photos. You have to 16 a printer to print the photos out on paper. To listen to the 17 from a digital recorder is even harder. There is usually noise with the sound. You will have to listen to it se

35、veral times 18 you really make everything clear. Actually, taking notes 19 hand can help you remember and understand what you are learning. In order to 20 time in taking notes, you can choose the most important things or what puzzles you. You dont have to write everything. Dont be afraid of taking n

36、otes by hand. Try to learn a really effective way.( )11.A. words B. notes C. hands D. problems( )12. A. that B. which C. what D. how( )13. A. make use of B. come up with C. get on with D. look down on( )14. A. harder B. easier C. more D. less( )15. A. read B. say C. look D. watch( )16. A. find B. fo

37、und C. finding D. finds( )17. A. noise B. sounds C. voices D. photos( )18. A. before B. after C. while D. when( )19. A. in B. on C. at D. by( )20. A. keep B. have C. run D. save詞匯短語拓展5.get up起床I always get up at 7:00.6.keep sth +adj. 保持某物的.Keep the floor cleankeep the room tidy7.be absent(from)缺席I w

38、as absent from school yesterday.8.on the/ones way to在去的路上On the way home (to school),I met an old friend. On the train to在去的火車上9.lose ones way 迷路=be lostI lost my way .=I was lost 10.say to oneself 自言自語“I can win” I said to myself 11.put sth into 把放到I put some money into my pocket .I put some books

39、into my bag .12. take out取出He took out a note book and wrote them down ,13. put on your coat 穿上 take off your shoes 脫掉 turn on 打開 turn off 關掉練習題（ ） 1.Only_know it.A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you ( ) 2. I saw _ playing in the street at that time.A. them B. they C. their D. theirs (

40、 ) 3.Jim will give _ a short talk tomorrow.A. we B. us C. our D. ours ( ) 4.The pen is hers. Pass it to_, please. A. her B. she C. hers D. herse （ ）5.The bird built_ nest in the tree.A. its B. hers C. hers D. its ( ) 6. Have you seen_pen, a black one?A. these B. my C. you D. hers( ) 7. They arent ou

41、r books. Are they_?A. your B. his C. her D. their（ ）8.We _ at the party last Sunday. A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves C. enjoy myself D. enjoyed ourself第二講：指示代詞、不定代詞知識點撥u 知識點一：指示代詞用法 指示代詞： 指示說明近處或者遠處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。單數復數含義this(這個)these(這些)指較近的人和物that(那個)those(那些)指較遠的人和物such (這樣的人/物)指上文提過的人和

42、物same (同樣的人/物)指和上文提過的相同的人和物it (這人/這物)指不太清楚是誰或者是什么時指示代詞既可以單獨使用做句子的主語、賓語或表語,也可以作定語修飾名詞。如：This is my friend, Amy. (作主語)I have no doubt about that.（作賓語）What I want to stress is this. (作表語)This house is for rent. (作定語)考點-look! Do you know_man under the tree?-Sorry. Its too far to see _ clearly.A. this; h

43、im B. that；his B. this; her D that; hiu 知識點二：不定代詞用法不定代詞：不指名指代某個人，某個事情，某些人，某些事情的代詞叫不定代詞。v some和 any 的用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個”、“一些”、“某個”作定語時可修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞定語，賓語，主語I have some work to do today. 用于疑問句時,表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定回答。Would you like some coffee with sugar?any 一般用于疑問句或否定句中，“一些”They didnt have a

44、ny friends here. 用于肯定句中，意思是“任何的”Come here with any friend.v no和none的用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句nono是形容詞,意思是“沒有”,修飾可數名詞(單數或復數)或不可數名詞。只能作定語There is no time left. Please hurry up.They had no reading books to lend.nonenone意思是“沒有一個人(或事物)”,表示復數或單數只能獨立使用,在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語,None of them is/are in the classroom.I have many

45、books, but none is interesting.v all和both的用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句allall指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來代替或修飾可數名詞；也可用來代替或修飾不可數名詞。all和both在句子中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等I know all of the four British students in their school.bothboth指兩個人或物,用來代替或修飾可數名詞。Would you like this one or that one? Both.v every和each用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句every不可單獨使用僅作形容詞Ever

46、y one of the students in his class studies very hard.著重全體用于三者或三者以上的每一個人或物each可單獨使用作形容詞、代名詞hey are very busy. Each of them has something to do.著重個別用于兩者或兩者以上的每一個人或物v either和neither的用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句either意思是“兩個中間的任何一個”主語、賓語和定語等,都用作單數I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do.neitherne

47、ither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個都不”-Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. v other、the other和another的用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,加單數或復數名詞在句子中做定語Where are his other books?the other“另一個”主語，賓語,定語This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?othersothers指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)主語,賓語Some girls are singing

48、 under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.the othersthe others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)主語,賓語Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.another另外的,再一,又一賓語，定語Do you really want another one?v many和much的用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句many意思是“很多”,與可數名詞復數連用在句中可作主語、賓語和定語等I dont have many friends here.much意思是“很多”,與不可數名詞連用They havent got much work to do.v few、little、a few、a little的用法：不定代詞用法句法功能例句few修飾可數名詞，用于否定句定語In that polar region there live few people.a few修飾可數名詞，用于肯定句You can get a