中國(guó)哲學(xué)論文論“人”的虛無(wú)及其克服

1、論“人”的虛無(wú)及其克服 論“人”的虛無(wú)及其克服 on the nihil and overcome of “human being”【中文摘要】 人的問(wèn)題一直是哲學(xué)所關(guān)注的主題,但對(duì)人的虛無(wú)的研究,只有歷史發(fā)展到一定階段才可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。因?yàn)?歷史總是從最簡(jiǎn)單、最原始的地方開(kāi)始,而科學(xué)的研究常常把成熟的形態(tài)作為透視點(diǎn),才能獲得科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)。不幸的是,我們生逢虛無(wú)盛行的時(shí)代,不管是在理論層面,還是在現(xiàn)實(shí)層面,它如同空氣一樣籠罩著我們,無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不在影響著我們,使我們無(wú)法擺脫,很容易聽(tīng)任它的擺布;但又幸運(yùn)的是,我們正處在虛無(wú)相對(duì)成熟的歷史時(shí)期,因而能有機(jī)會(huì)切身地去感受它,能站在思想巨人的肩膀上去認(rèn)識(shí)它,剖析

2、人在虛無(wú)時(shí)代下真實(shí)的生存狀態(tài),從而能夠在此基礎(chǔ)上自覺(jué)地克服人的虛無(wú),實(shí)現(xiàn)人的全面發(fā)展。本文主要從兩個(gè)方面論述人的虛無(wú):一,哲學(xué)史中“人”自身的虛無(wú);二,現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中“人”精神的虛無(wú)。在虛無(wú)的時(shí)代背景之下,不僅在哲學(xué)理論中,缺乏個(gè)體人和現(xiàn)實(shí)人的足夠關(guān)注,導(dǎo)致“人學(xué)空?qǐng)觥?而且在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,人更多的是變成了物質(zhì)性的存在,精神性的東西被商品拜物教所抽空、被大眾文化所肆虐,精神生活幾乎物化。為了克服人的這種生存狀態(tài),本文首先將人的問(wèn)題作為當(dāng)代哲學(xué)思考的中心和主題,因?yàn)閷?duì)人的不同理解往往造成不同文化問(wèn)的根本差別,而人的生存狀況又受所處的文化全面影響和左右,因此在哲學(xué)理論中變革人的既定理解,對(duì)于克服當(dāng)今虛無(wú)

3、的生存狀態(tài)具有基礎(chǔ)性和決定性意義。然后對(duì)之進(jìn)行歷史性考察,指出這僅僅是過(guò)渡性階段,并不是人類的終極生存狀態(tài)。我們要對(duì)現(xiàn)時(shí)代“人”的生存狀態(tài)和精神生活狀況有一個(gè)清醒的認(rèn)識(shí),不能沉迷于當(dāng)下的虛無(wú),更不能因覺(jué)得錯(cuò)生了時(shí)代就自暴自棄,而是能夠積極地去豐富我們自己的精神生活,去感受生命所賦予我們的意義。最后揭示人的這種虛無(wú)的信仰狀況,它已不僅僅是歐洲現(xiàn)象,而是全球普遍狀況。處于全球化的現(xiàn)時(shí)代,中國(guó)人的精神信仰同樣陷入了虛無(wú)。但我們相信:通過(guò)社會(huì)精神文明的積極建設(shè),當(dāng)代中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)完全有能力開(kāi)掘和培植一種防御和抵制虛無(wú)的精神資源,并對(duì)重構(gòu)當(dāng)代人類精神文明做出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。 【英文摘要】 the “human

4、 being” has been the issue of philosophy, but the study of “human being” nihil, only when history arrive at a certain stage, can be achieved. because history is always begin from the most simple and primitive areas, and scientific research often start form the mature perspective, then we may get sci

5、entific knowledge. unfortunately, we are living in the era of nihilism, whether in the theoretical level, or in the real level, it enveloped us the same as the air, which all the time affect us so that we can not escape, it is very easy to allow the mercy; but fortunately, we are in relatively matur

6、e period of nihilism, so we could have a chance to feel it and can stand on the shoulders of giants to know it, and analyse true existence state of human being in the era of nihilism, and on this basis can consciously overcome human beings nihil, and achieve the comprehensive development of human be

7、ing. this paper on human beings nihil mainly include two aspects: first, the human beings own nihil in the history of philosophy; second, in real life, the human beings spirit nihil. in the context of the nihilisms times, not only in philosophic theory, it lack sufficient concern about individual an

8、d real human being, leading to “human beings empty”, but in real life, human being only has become material existence, human beings spirit thrown away by commodity fetishism, damaged by popular culture, and almost materialized. in order to overcome this existence state of human being, we firstly thi

9、nk human being as the center and theme of contemporary philosophy in this paper, because the different understanding about human being often bring about fundamental cultural difference, and human beings living situations is fully impacted by the culture which they live in, so to change established u

10、nderstanding on human being in philosophic theory has decisive significance for overcoming human beings existence state of contemporary nihilism. then having a historic inspect, it can point out that this is only transitional stage, is not ultimate existence state of human being. we shoud have a sob

11、er understanding, we can not indulge in immediate nihilism, and also can not abandon oneself to it, but actively enrich our own spirit life, to experience lifes meaning. finally we reveal the belief of nihilism, it is not just european phenomenon, but universal situation. in the current era of globa

12、lization, the chinese belief aslo indulge in nihilism. however, we believe that: the active construction of socialist spiritual civilization, contemporary chinese culture and heritage is fully capable of developing and nurturing spiritual resources to defense and boycott nihilism, and make due contr

13、ibutions to reconstruct contemporary human spiritual civilization. 【中文關(guān)鍵詞】 虛無(wú); 個(gè)體人; 現(xiàn)實(shí)人; 商品拜物教; 文化工業(yè) 【英文關(guān)鍵詞】 nihilism; individual human being; real human being; commodity fetishism; cultural industry 【畢業(yè)論文目錄】摘要 5-6 abstract 6-7 緒論 9-13 一、研究緣起 9-10 1. 選題理由 9 2. 選題目的 9 3. 選題意義 9-10 二、研究現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì) 10 三、研究?jī)?nèi)容與思路 10-11 四、研究方法與創(chuàng)新 11-13 1. 研究方法 11-12 2. 研究創(chuàng)新 12-13 引言 13-14 一、哲學(xué)史中人本身的虛無(wú) 14-21 1. 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)中“個(gè)體人”的虛無(wú) 15-18 2. 西方傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)中“現(xiàn)實(shí)人”的虛無(wú) 18-21 二、現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中“人”精神的虛無(wú) 21-32 1. 商品拜物教的盛行放逐了人的精神生活的超越性 21-25 2. 文化工業(yè)及大眾文化的擴(kuò)張抽掉了人的