2013年高三二輪專題復習學案時態(tài)語態(tài)

1、高三英語二輪時態(tài)語態(tài)復習專題一學案 審定：高三英語組 時間：2013-1-21【考綱解讀】動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)歷來是高考題中考查的重頭戲之一。測試重點放在根據(jù)特定語言環(huán)境區(qū)別使用一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時；一般現(xiàn)在時(過去時)與現(xiàn)在(過去)進行時；及物動詞的被動用法；特定的時間狀語中時態(tài)的使用；結(jié)合所獲得的語言知識確定正確時態(tài)的能力等。綜上所述，動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)在高考測試中的地位非常重要。因而考生在復習備考中必須對本專題引起足夠的重視。 【高考再現(xiàn)】2008山東卷By the time he realizes he _into a trap, itll be too late for him to d

2、o anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 2009山東卷25. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. Ks5uA. is B. are C. has been D. have been 2009山東卷27. So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the att

3、ack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 2009山東卷34 . I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened 2010山東卷30. Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved

4、 D. has saved2010山東卷31.When I got on the bus, I_ I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizingB. realizedC. have realizedD. would realize2010山東卷35. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything! A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating2012山東卷28. After Ja

5、ck had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 2012山東卷30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made2012山東卷34. The manager was concerned to hear tha

6、t two of his trusted workers _. A. will leaveB. are leaving C. have leftD. were leaving【試題分析】縱觀近幾年的時態(tài)語態(tài)題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其命題的三個角度：一是直接給定時間狀語，考生可直接根據(jù)所給時間狀語作出選擇；二是給定時間狀語，但所給時間狀語有著較強的干擾性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時間狀語進行選擇；三是題干中不提供任何時間狀語，而給出一個上下文情景或一個結(jié)構(gòu)較為復雜的句子，考生必須仔細分析語境，才能作出判斷并選擇最佳答案。這樣的情景設置實質(zhì)上是對語法知識、語義理解和語言交際能力的綜合考查,體現(xiàn)了高考試題由

7、“知識立意”向“能力立意”轉(zhuǎn)變的命題原則。試題的設問多以中學生普遍感到難以把握的幾組時態(tài)為主。今后高考試題將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則,即注重在上下文語境中考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)?！緩土暷繕恕拷陙?高考英語主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時等時態(tài)以及它們的被動語態(tài)。在解答此類試題時,考生應根據(jù)語境、邏輯或固定句式來捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息,并準確掌握在具體語境中時態(tài)的正確使用?！局R主線】 考點一一般將來時的幾種常用結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別1.“will/shall動詞原形”表示客觀上勢必會發(fā)生的事情，或者指沒有經(jīng)過計劃臨時做出的打算。2.be going to d

8、o既可指主觀打算也可指客觀跡象表示將要發(fā)生。3.be doing常用來指安排好要做的事情，并且很少變更。常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的主要是一些短暫性的動詞，如：come，go，leave，start，begin，run等。4.be to do表示計劃中約定的或按職責、義務或要求必須去做的事情或即將發(fā)生的動作而且必須是人能決定的動作才能用be to do來表示。5.be about to do表示客觀上馬上要發(fā)生的事情，一般不與具體的時間狀語連用?？键c二未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望及打算的表達1.should like to/would like to/would love to完成式,表示主語過去希望做但未做到的事。I

9、should like to have climbed the mountain with her.當時我真想和她一起去爬那座山。2.was/were doing sth.表示主語過去未曾實現(xiàn)的安排或打算。We were planning to spend part of the winter vacation together，but now I dont think I want to invite him home.我們本來計劃一起度過部分寒假的，但現(xiàn)在我覺得不想請他來我家了。3.was/were going不定式的一般式，表示一種主語過去未曾實現(xiàn)的打算或計劃，意為“本打算，本想”。I

10、was going to play volleyball on Monday，but I cant now. 我本想星期一去打排球的，但現(xiàn)在不可能了。4.was/were不定式的完成式，表示未完成的打算、計劃或安排，含有“本來打算”之意。He was to have bought a colour TV set，but he had not enough money.他本來打算買一臺彩色電視機的，但錢不夠。5.英語中表示愿望的動詞如expect，intend，hope，wish，mean，plan，promise，suppose，think，want等用過去完成式后接不定式的一般式(或后接賓語

11、從句)或這類詞的過去式后接不定式的完成式，表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算。I had intended to come (intended to have come) over to see you last night，but someone called and I couldnt get away.昨晚我本來打算過來看你的，可有人來找我，我走不了。我本想幫你，但我當時太忙了。(一句多譯)I thought to have helped you (I had thought to help you)，but I was too busy then.I was to have helped you

12、，but I was too busy then.I would like to have helped you，but I was too busy then.【易混易錯】 考點一：易用錯時態(tài)的幾個常用句式1.“It is/has been一段時間since從句”中，since從句用一般過去時；如果is/has改為was/had，則since從句用過去完成時。2.“It is the first/second.timethat從句”，that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果is改為was，則that從句用過去完成時。3.hardly/scarcely.when和no sooner.than表示“還

13、未來得及就”或“一就”，主句常用過去完成時，when和than引導的從句常用一般過去時。4.“祈使句and/or簡單句”中，簡單句使用一般將來時。5.“by the timethat從句”中，that從句若為一般現(xiàn)在時，主句常用將來完成時；that從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。6.“It is/will be時間段before從句”中，before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。考點二：主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況1.某些系動詞，如look，sound，become，get，keep，taste，feel，prove，appear等用主動形式表示被動意義。2.某些表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能的不及物動詞，

14、如shut，open，sell，read，write，cut，wash等可用主動形式表示被動意義，這類詞后常跟一個well，easily等副詞。3.有些介詞短語作表語，其主動形式表示被動意義。4.表示“需要”意義的need，want，require等詞后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。5.某些表示“發(fā)生”的不及物動詞(短語)，如happen，take place，occur等無被動語態(tài)，用主動形式表示被動意義。【重錘猛敲】考生在復習動詞的時態(tài)時,切不可脫離實際運用的語言,一味死記硬背語法,而必須重視正確分析語境中時態(tài)的交互信息,以及動詞特殊用法的靈活運用。有關(guān)時態(tài)的試題要從三個方面來考慮:動作的

15、先后關(guān)系;句中的時間狀語;句子的語義所暗示的時間。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考,而是和時態(tài)、語氣以及非謂語動詞一起考?？忌⒁獠荒苡帽粍诱Z態(tài)的幾種情況:(1)所有的不及物動詞和不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中;(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)之中,如:last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, cost, look like, consist of等;(3)表示歸屬的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)之中,如have, own, belong to等;(4)表示希望、意圖的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)之中,如:wish, want, hope,

16、like, love, hate等;(5)有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當主語是物時不能用于被動語態(tài)之中,如:sell, write, wash, open, lock等。 【方法規(guī)律】 1.掌握基本用法，注意被動語態(tài)。高考對于時態(tài)的考查，主要集中在大綱要求的八種時態(tài)和用法上，即：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時。對于語態(tài)的考查主要集中在：主動形式表示被動意義，被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別，時態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合考查。做題時既要全面地從整體上理解時態(tài)的統(tǒng)一性，又要注重語態(tài)邏輯的吻合性。既要定“時”，即確定事情發(fā)生的時間(過去、現(xiàn)在還

17、是將來)，也要定語態(tài)。2.比較時態(tài)區(qū)別，注意信息提示。高考對時態(tài)考查的設問角度多以中學生普遍感到困惑的幾組時態(tài)相互干擾，如一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時和過去完成時、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的相互區(qū)別。而且在考查中越來越強化語境。很多對時態(tài)的考查都出現(xiàn)在對話中。3.體會真實語境，分清動作先后。高考對時態(tài)的考查不再是單純語法規(guī)則的死記硬背，而是更注重對語法知識的具體運用，即將語法知識置于一定的語境中，要求考生在實際語言環(huán)境中選擇一個最佳選項。做題時應樹立全局觀念，要認真讀題干，根據(jù)提供的語境，挖掘題中隱含的信息，從而找到解題的突破口?！踞槍τ柧殹浚ǎ?.As has been reported

18、, more measures _ to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible. Ahave taken Bare taking Cwill take Dwill be taken（）2.Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No, I_ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing Bwould do Chad done Ddo（）3.I _ all my homework by the time you _ back. Awill have f

19、inished; come Bwill finish; come Cwill have finished; came Dhave finished; will come （）4.She never goes home until she _ out all her newspapers. Asells Bhad sold Cwill sell Dhas sold（）5.My brother _ here a week ago. What_ these days? Agot; did he do Bhas got; has he done Chad got; will he do Dgot; h

20、as he been doing （ ）6.It was until then that I came to know that knowledge _ only from practice. Ahas come Bcomes Ccame Dhad come （）7. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt （）8.Is this the last

21、 exam we have to take this term? Yes, but there _ another test three months from now. Ahas Bis Cwas Dwill be （）9.Oh, its you! I _ to see you here. Where _ these years? Adont expect; have you gone Bdidnt expect; have you been Cam not expecting; went Dexpected; will you go （）10.I hear you went to Japa

22、n last month.No, I_ there. Adid go Bhad never been Chave never been Dwas never11. -What happened to Bill?-He _ really fast when suddenly he ran headfirst into a parked car.A. had run B. was running C. has run D. has been running12. -Do we have to wear our school uniforms tomorrow?-I think so. We _ t

23、he coming-of-age ceremony in the afternoon.A. will be attending B. have attended C. attend D. attended13. If it hadnt been raining so hard, I might have been home much earlier. Its too bad you _ it. Nancy _ here and she _ to see you.A. didnt make; is; was B. wont make; will be; wantsC. didnt make; was; wanted D. wont make; would be; wanted 【反思提高】 1.【解析】D句意：就像所報道的那樣，將會采取更多的措施來盡快恢復下降的經(jīng)濟。主語為more measures，謂語應該用被動形式。本題易誤選A。2.【解析】A句意：“你讀完簡愛了嗎？”“沒有，我昨天一直在做作業(yè)?！盇表示一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)進行且未完成的動作。題干中有all day yesterday時間提示為過去，應該選擇與過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)，排除D。B為過去將來時不符合題意，C為過去完成時，使用過去完成時題目中需要有一般過去時，題干中沒有一般過去時因此也