what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法

1、what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法一、用法歸納1. 表示“的東西或事情”：They* ve done what they can to help her.他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。He saves what he earns.他賺多少，枳禱多少。What Mary is is the secretary.瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書q2. 表示“的人或的樣子”:He is no longer what he was.他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個樣子。He is what is generally called a traitor.他就是人們通常所說的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred wha

2、t he is now是誰把弗需徳培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個樣子的3. 表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”:Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我們現(xiàn)在的收入是 10 年前的兩The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的時間”:After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎過了幾個小時他 才苦笑著出來。

3、The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個小時。5. 表示“的地方”:This is what they call Salt Lake City.這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方oIn 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America, 1492 年哥倫布到達了現(xiàn)在所 稱的美洲大陸。二、用法說明(1) 這樣用的気毗相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞” 所以其前不能有先行詞：你喜歡什么就拿什么吧。正：

4、You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 誤：You can have everything what you like.(2) 有時祐航可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個名詞*I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的書都給他了。He gave me what money he had about him.他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。(3) What后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞：誤：I gave him what book I had.(4) W

5、hat后接不可數(shù)名詞時，有時可有l(wèi)ittle修飾。注意區(qū)別：iFhat+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的 都，what little+TW名詞=雖少但全部。如：I spent what time I had with her.我所有的時間都是與她一起度過的。I spent what little time I had with her.我僅有的一點時間都是與她一起度過的連接代詞that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法比較2009-01-13 23:22先看下面一道單項選擇題：impressed me most wassuch a little boy could play the violin soA. Th

6、at; whatB.What; thatC. That; thatD.很明顯，這道題考査的知識要點是名詞性從句。名詞性從句是高中階段的蟲要語法項U之一 要語法項U之一，是尚中階段的重點，也是難點，尤其對于連接代詞that 和what 的用 幾乎是幕 “蒙來尋求答案。以這道題為例第一空是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句并在主語M 的表語從句，that在表語從句中不能省略，不作成分，也沒詞義。雖然that 和what 都 中的語法功能截然不同。下面我們結(jié)合2005年和2006年全國及各省市尚考英語試題中tha 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的用法加以比較和區(qū)別O一.2006年全國及各省市高考英語試題中that 與 wha

7、t 的相關(guān)題目What did your parents think about your decisionThey always let me doI think I should.A. whenI T16 )B. thatC. howD what解析：這一題的正確答案是D。what 在本題中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句并作動詞do 的賓語。2-Engines are to machineshearts are to animals.A.東asT23 )B. thatC. whatD. which解析：這一題的正確答案是C。 結(jié)構(gòu)是A is to B what C本題漢語意思為“發(fā)動機對于機器正如心臟對于

8、動物一樣”i S to D 。在這個句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，what引導(dǎo)的表語從句作表語從句中乂作表語。3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling of action.A.南whichT34 )B. thatC. whatD- whether解析：這一題的正確答案是B。本題考査賓語從句的用法，因從句he 且表達肯定總義，4.It Sthirty years sincewelast met.ButI still remember thestory.believe i t or not,weA. wh

9、ich30 )B. thatC.whatD. whenwas a man of actior 所以此空應(yīng)填入連詞that, that 只起連接作用，不作句子成分。兩個逗號之間的 引導(dǎo)的同位語刀 一的東西/事悄/人/時間/地點解析：這一題的正確答案是B。本題考査that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的用法， 語，因空的后面是一個語法意義上完整的句子，可以斷定這是一個以that 從句中要作成分；C項What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時意思是 “詞 + that ”，本句中已有先行詞 the story, 如選 what造成語竜的fi復(fù)；D項when 行詞二.that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句首先，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，that 一般具

10、有不可省略性。連接代詞that除引導(dǎo)第一個賓語從句時可以省略外，引導(dǎo)其他各類名詞性從句皆不能省略 It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people ccount. Don * t you think it necessary that he not be sent to Miami but to NwI agree, but the problemis that he has refused to. There is much chance thatBill will recover from his

11、 injury in time for (2006 天津 T14 ) Our English teacher told us(that) we all did very well in the examinatio1 mark.以上四個句子中，that 分別引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句和賓語從句，除在第四 其他的that 均不可省略。其次，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，th毗不作句子中的任何成分。例如： Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had t rt.33 )該句中，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但在

12、句中不作任何成分。11 i s our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a s trongey.該句中，it 是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句才是整個句子的真正主語，that在句中不4最后，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，th“t沒有任何詞匯意義。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to r s birthday. Danby left word with my secretary that hewould call again

13、 in the aftern2005浙江）在以上兩個考例中，that僅起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用，沒有任何詞匯意義。綜上所述，that 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時具有三大特點：不可省略，不作成分，沒有詞義。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句首先，what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，what 在句中不省略。這一用法與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的用法不盡相同。 He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning what his te 06 上海 T39)A. why i t doesB. what he doesC. how it isD what it i

14、iwhat 在該句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句，what 不可省略。 Great changes have taken place in that school. It i s no longer what i t u so poorly equipped.what在該句中引導(dǎo)表語從句，但在句中不可省略。其次，what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，具有詞匯意義。這是what 打that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的重要區(qū)別之一，What 一般指“的東西/事W/丿 Do you have any idea what i s actual ly going on in the classroom what在該句中引導(dǎo)同位語從句并作這個同

15、位語從句的主語，詞義為“的東西、事悄”， 室里到底發(fā)生了什么事” O11 i s what you do rather than what you say that matters.這是一個強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)的部分是山what引導(dǎo)的兩個主語從句，what在句中的詞義為“ 漢語意思是關(guān)鍵要看你做什么而不是說什么” O最后，what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不僅只起引導(dǎo)作用，同時還要作句中的某個句法成分。這一點是what 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時與that 用法區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵所在。 I just wonderthat makes him so excited.這一題的正確答案是 賓語從句中作makes A modern

16、 cityD,是一個強調(diào)句型作賓語的典型考例，被強調(diào)的成分what 在句中不 的主語。has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.引導(dǎo)的從句作了介詞in 的賓語，同時what 乂在賓語從句中充當(dāng)呂在這個句子中，what注意的是，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，that引導(dǎo)的句子一般不作介詞的賓語，相反，E1I what 更為常見。例如： The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thougt d.海春招）本題中，介詞at后面用了 what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，

17、what在賓語從句中作主語，而that不可綜上所述，what 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時具有三大特點：不可省略，作成分，有詞義總之，掌握連接代詞that和what在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的用法并不難，關(guān)鍵是要多 希望各位英語習(xí)得者悟其道而踐其行。hat引導(dǎo)洛詞性從句用法探究 what引導(dǎo)需詞性從句，其用法如下：一、用作代詞，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語，其含義如下：1. “什么；多少：的，所的”。如：I don* t know what it is, call it what you like.我不知道它是什么，你想 叫它什么就叫它什么吧。It matters not only what you think,

18、 but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.重要的不僅僅是你怎么想， 而且是別人認(rèn)為你怎么想及你認(rèn)為他們認(rèn)為你怎么想。He asked what the price was他問價格是多少 qWhat she couldnt understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.她所不能理解的是為什么越來越少的學(xué)生對她的課感興趣。Please tell me what you think o

19、f our chemistry teacher.請告訴我你對我 們化學(xué)老師的看法。2. “的樣子，而貌，狀況”。如He seems different from what he used to be他似乎跟過去不一樣了 cWhat a person looks like is not as important as what he or she gr ows up to be.（高一新教材上）一個人的長相并不重要，重要的是他或她長大后將成為 什么樣的人。Science has told us so much about the moon that it is fairly easy to im

20、agine what it would be like out there.科學(xué)已向我們提供了很多關(guān)于 月球的情況，因此我們就很容易想象那兒的狀況了。3. “的地方”。如：was a wasteland ten years aA modern city has been set up ingo.扎 what B. which C. that D where （2004 年天津高考題）（答案A） 座現(xiàn)代化城市已在十年前還是一片荒地的地方建超了。When Columbus first got to is now North America, he called thepeople he met t

21、here “Indians.當(dāng)哥倫布首次到達今天為北美的那個地方時，他 把他在那兒所遇到的人稱作“印第安人”。Thus eight people were crowded into what was really no more than a single room.于是八口人就擠在實際只有一個房間的屋子里。4. 的時間q如：After what seemed to be a long time, the soldier came back to life. 似乎過了很長時間之后，士兵蘇醒了過來。After what seemed a very long time,I opened my ey

22、es and found myself in bed!似乎過了很久之后，我睜開雙眼，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)自己還在床上。二、用作形容詞，在從句中作定語。1. 后接務(wù)詞，意為：（1）“什么：多少；多么”。如：I don* t know what machineHe did not realize what a 重的錯誤。We agreedears fromor fromthey are making.我不知道他們在制造什么機器。 mistake he had made.他沒有意識到他犯了多么嚴(yán)that the whatnight that date and time,distancewe would meet

23、 here again exactly twenty y no matter what our conditions might be we might have to come.我們那天晚上約世不論我們come.的情況怎樣或我們得從多遠(yuǎn)的地方趕來，我們都會從那天起正好二十年之后在這兒再相 見。（2）（所）的（事物或人）”。如：What education he had was picked up from time to time under the pr assure of necessity.他所受的教冇都是迫于需要，一點一點地得來的。I will giveWhat family都住在國

24、外。2. 后接 little,如：The home improvements have taken what little there istime.A. from B. in C. of D. at （2001 年全國高考題）（答案C）住宅的裝修花去了我僅有的那么一點業(yè)余時間的全部。His mind and mine, what little I had, seemed to runin the same channel.他的心和我的小小的心似乎是連在一起的，them what help I can.我將盡我能力幫助他們。and friends I still have live abroa

25、d.我現(xiàn)在所有的家人和朋友few,意為“全部的盡管不多：僅有的那么一點:小的：不重要的角my sparetogether, move 總是往一處想。What引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在中學(xué)教材中出現(xiàn)頻率極高，也是高考的重要考點之一，所以由其 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法應(yīng)引起我們定夠的重視。本文將從以下幾個方而來談?wù)勅绾握莆蘸眠@ 一重要語法：一.要掌握好審hat在句子中的語義。1.表示的人，柑當(dāng)于the person that。如:He is not what he was a few years ago.他不是幾年前的他了。Who is it that has made Fred wh

26、at he is now是誰把弗雷徳培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這樣一個人的2,表示的地方” 相當(dāng)于the place that*%如:This is what they call Salt Lake City.這就是他們稱作鹽湖城的地方。What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.現(xiàn)在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾經(jīng)是一個文明世界。3.表示的數(shù)目相當(dāng)于the amount/number that如:Our income is now double what is was ten years ago.我們現(xiàn)在的收入是十年前的兩倍。The n

27、umber of the students in our school has reached as many as 20, 000, ten times what it was before liberation.現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生多達2萬人是解放前的卜倍。4. irhat的這種特殊含義可以根據(jù)句子的意思在翻譯時靈活處理，不可千篇一律。例如:The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning.那朵花的顏色與早晨的不同。What=the color that）二. 要掌握好審hat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的類型。L賓語從句（用作動詞或介詞的賓詞）。例如:When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule： Always give the monkey exactly what he wants,求職而試時，請記住這條黃金窪律j永 遠(yuǎn)給予對方確實想要的東四。2.主語從句。例如:What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在會上說的話令每個與 會者喪驚。3. 表語從句。例如:Perseverance