中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第1講 簡(jiǎn)單句 并列句 復(fù)合句講義

1、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】一、句子分類(lèi)二、陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句 陳述句：用于說(shuō)明事實(shí)或說(shuō)話(huà)人的看法 疑問(wèn)句：用于提問(wèn) 祈使句：用于表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、建議等 感嘆句：用于表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的感情 （一）陳述句 有肯定和否定兩種形式，多以句號(hào)結(jié)尾，讀降調(diào)。 陳述句的否定式： 1. be的否定式（be作系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞） 2. 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式 3. 除not外，其他否定詞也可以構(gòu)成否定句 1) 用no表示，no = not any/a 2) never從不，決不，永不 seldom很少 hardly幾乎不 3) little, few幾乎沒(méi)有 4) no one/nobody沒(méi)有

2、人 5) nothing什么也沒(méi)有 6) neither of沒(méi)有什么(兩者都不)；none of沒(méi)有任何，什么都沒(méi)有(三者或三者以上都不) 7) tooto太以至于不能 （二）疑問(wèn)句1. 一般疑問(wèn)句 （1）用什么詞提問(wèn)，用什么詞回答。 Are you a student? 你是一個(gè)學(xué)生嗎？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。/No, Im not. 不，我不是。 （2）否定的一般疑問(wèn)句往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語(yǔ)氣。（注意yes/no的翻譯） Dont you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看電視嗎？ Yes, I do. 不，我看電視。/No, I dont. 是的，我不看

3、電視。 （3）用其他詞語(yǔ)代替yes/no，使語(yǔ)氣更客氣、委婉。 Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看電影嗎？ Im afraid not. I have much homework to do. 恐怕不行，我有很多作業(yè)要做。 2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句 用特殊疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，不用_回答。特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和疑問(wèn)詞組。 （1）疑問(wèn)代詞：what, who, which, whose, whom （2）疑問(wèn)副詞：when, where, why, how（對(duì)狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)） （3）疑問(wèn)詞組：how soon, how long, how far, h

4、ow often等 （4）否定的特殊疑問(wèn)句一般有勸告、建議、責(zé)備等意味。 Why dont you come here? = Why not come here? 3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句 提出兩種或以上的情況要對(duì)方選擇，不能用_回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。 （1）一般選擇疑問(wèn)句句式 Do you like tea or coffee? I like tea. （2）特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句句式 Which do you like better, tea or coffee? I prefer tea. 4. 反意疑問(wèn)句 （1）結(jié)構(gòu)：“陳述部分，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句？” （2）原則：_，_ （3）三步走： 第1步將陳

5、述部分變成一般疑問(wèn)句 第2步提取“助動(dòng)詞(或be動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)”，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，要變?yōu)榇~ 第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能縮就縮） （4）回答：實(shí)事求是 【翻譯】Lucy從不早起，是嗎？ 是的，她從不早起。/不，她有時(shí)候早起。 _ _ （三）祈使句 特征：以_開(kāi)頭，省略第二人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)_；若要表示禮貌，可以加上語(yǔ)氣詞_。 肯定式否定式特殊式 Stand up!Dont stand up!No smoking/parking! Be quiet!Dont be noisy!No photos! Let him in!Dont let him in! （四）感嘆句 感嘆句是用來(lái)表達(dá)人的特殊感情的句子，可

6、以表達(dá)人的喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情色彩。感嘆句可以是一個(gè)單詞、一個(gè)不定式、一個(gè)由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句，也可以是由what或how引導(dǎo)的句子，句末常用“!”。Great! A good job! _ What a good day (it is)! What terrible weather (it is)! What smart students (they are)! _ How terrible (the weather is)! How smart (the students are)! How fast he runs! 【填空】_ tall the boy is! _ lovely chil

7、dren! _ useful book it is! _ exciting news! 三、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句：由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))構(gòu)成的句子。 I am a student. Lily and Lucy are twins. He went up to the door, opened it and entered. She will go there either this week or next week. 并列句：由并列連詞(and, so, but, or等)把兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。 He did the work and he

8、 did it well. I like music, but I dont like this song. Either you leave, or Tom leaves. 復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。 Do you know where my bike is? John fell asleep while he was listening to the music. That is the woman I met yesterday. （一）常見(jiàn)句子成分 主語(yǔ)：句子所要說(shuō)的人或物；通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任 謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；由主動(dòng)詞充當(dāng) 賓語(yǔ)：及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的

9、對(duì)象或結(jié)果；通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任 表語(yǔ)：在系動(dòng)詞后，表明主語(yǔ)身份或特征；通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞充當(dāng) 定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞；通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞擔(dān)任 狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞；通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么；常由形容詞、動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任 同位語(yǔ)：通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的情況 （二）簡(jiǎn)單句五大基本句型 主系表 / 主謂(vi.) / 主謂(vt.)賓 / 主謂(vt.)賓賓 / 主謂(vt.)賓賓補(bǔ) （三）連詞四、三大從句（一）賓語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子。We know Jack is a lazy student.We are tal

10、king about whether its a cat.He is unhappy that he didnt pass the exam.分類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞后賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞后賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：_、_、_賓語(yǔ)從句：陳述句賓語(yǔ)從句：一般疑問(wèn)句賓語(yǔ)從句：特殊疑問(wèn)句_ (可省略)_連接詞_語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序_時(shí)態(tài)Miss Li said that the earth _ (be) round. 【難點(diǎn)1】只用連接詞whether的情況 Im thinking about _ I should see the film. I havent decided _ to go to the cinema.

11、Im not sure _ or not its worth seeing the film. 結(jié)論：_ 【難點(diǎn)2】特殊疑問(wèn)句本身語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序的句子Who broke the window? What happened last night? Whats the matter/the trouble? Whats up/wrong? When will we meet? 【難點(diǎn)3】賓語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換 I dont know what I can/should do next. = I dont know what to do next. He couldnt decide which o

12、ne he could/should buy. = He couldnt decide which one to buy. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _? 結(jié)論：1. 當(dāng)主句的_與從句的_一致時(shí)，且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, decide, learn等時(shí)，此復(fù)合句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡(jiǎn)單句，即從句部分改為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是ask, tell, show, teach等_動(dòng)詞時(shí)，且主句的_和從句的_一致時(shí)，此復(fù)合句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡(jiǎn)單句，即從句部分改為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 （二

13、）狀語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的句子。 The bus had left when we arrived at the station. 分類(lèi)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，原因狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句 各類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從句連詞：狀語(yǔ)從句連詞(從屬連詞)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句【難點(diǎn)1】when, while, as的區(qū)別when：指時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段；前后動(dòng)作可_發(fā)生或_發(fā)生 while：只表一段時(shí)間；前后動(dòng)作_發(fā)生，while后加_動(dòng)詞(或表狀態(tài)) as：前后動(dòng)作并行發(fā)生，“一邊一邊”；“隨著”

14、Give this bike to Mary _ she comes next week. Return the book to Lily _ you have finished reading it. I was doing my homework _ my mother came in. You must be quiet _ Kate is doing her homework. _ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk. She did sports _ she listened to music. 【難點(diǎn)2】becau

15、se, for, since, as的區(qū)別 1) because “_” (從屬連詞) 指直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。 I did that because she told me to. 2) since “_”(從屬連詞)表示人們已知的事實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。 Since you cant answer the question, you can ask someone else for help. 3) as “_” (從屬連詞) 表示不言而喻、顯而易見(jiàn)的原因；語(yǔ)氣比since弱。 As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 4) for “_”(

16、_連詞)不表直接原因，表附加或推斷的理由，for引導(dǎo)的是并列句。 It rained last night, for the ground is wet now. 【難點(diǎn)3】“主將/祈/情從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句是_或_或_的句子時(shí)，從句要用_代替將來(lái)。 Dont point at others with your chopsticks when you _ (eat). The boy is very careful when he _ (cross) the road. You can realize your dream as long as you _ (not

17、) give up. Whatever you _ (do), wherever you _ (go), I will be here waiting for you. 注意：主將從現(xiàn)只是一種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，只有“主將”，才有“從現(xiàn)”。時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句還可以使用其他的很多時(shí)態(tài)。 （三）定語(yǔ)從句 含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的句子。 A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞(指人/指物)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分【難點(diǎn)1】定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況 1) 當(dāng)先行詞是_時(shí)，如：all, none, so

18、mething, everything, anything, nothing, the one等，關(guān)系詞用that Is this school the one that you graduated from? Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 2) 當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, little, few, no, any等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that This is the very bus _ I am waiting for. 3) 當(dāng)先行詞既有_又有_時(shí) I n

19、ever forget the school and the people that I visited in Shanghai. 4) 當(dāng)先行詞被_或_修飾時(shí) This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen. 5) who或which引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that Who is the girl _ is crying sadly? 【難點(diǎn)2】當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when/where，還是關(guān)系代詞which/that? 1) I will never forget the days _ we spe

20、nt together. 2) I will never forget the days _ I was in primary school. 3) This is the school _ I often pay a visit to. 4) This is the school _ that teacher once worked. 【精講精練】一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句，并分析成分1. He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, she w

21、ould quickly clean them with a mop. 2. He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle. 3. Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used. 二、填空題A: 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句意完成句子 . My sister is too young to go to school, _? 5.

22、Nancy, sweep the classroom, _? 6. I dont think she will agree with me, _? 7. You had better stay at home, _? 8. Mr. Lis never been to Canada, has he? _, _. He went there on business last week. B: 根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或關(guān)系詞或連接詞填空 ..9. Work hard, _ youll pass the test easily. 10. This is the best b

23、ook _ I have ever read. 11. _ it rains heavily, no one is late for the class. 12. You wont catch the bus _ you leave immediately. 13. The population of China is larger _ that of America. 14. He wonders _ his English teacher can come today. 15. 不但所有的學(xué)生而且他們的英語(yǔ)老師都已讀了這本故事書(shū)。 _ _ all the pupils _ _ their

24、English teacher _ _ the storybook. 三、單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1.( )2.( )3.( )4.( )5.( )6.( )7.( )8.( )9.( )10.( )11.( )12.( )13.( )14.( )15.( )16. _ is it from the New Town to the old city center? Less than 30 minutes by underground. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far ( )17. David, _, or you will get he

25、avier. A. doesnt play sports any more B. doesnt eat so much meat C. dont play sports any more D. dont eat so much meat ( )18. Listen! Someone is playing the piano. Wow! _ beautiful music! I like it very much. A. What B. How a C. What a D. How ( )19. The war was over about three months ago, _ the Ame

26、rican soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. A. or B. and C. but D. so ( )20. Dad, please tell me when Mum _. I miss her very much. She will return when she _ her task. And she will bring a nice present for you. A. returns; finishesB. returns; will finish C. will return; fi

27、nishesD. will return; will finish ( )21. The environment will be worse and worse _ we take steps to protect it right away. A. unlessB. althoughC. whileD. but ( )22. _ she was tired, _ she didnt stop to have a rest. A. /; soB. Although; / C. Although; butD. Because; so ( )23. I still remember the col

28、lege and the teachers _ I visited in London years ago. A. what B. who C. that D. which ( )24. Franklin told them all _ to be in Britain again. A. how happy was he B. how happy he was C. how was he happy D. how he was happy ( )25. Tell me _. Well, it is like A. what is wrong with it B. what is it C.

29、what is it like D. what the matter is with it 【參考答案】 【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】 一、句子分類(lèi) 按功能分：陳述句；疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句)； 祈使句；感嘆句 按結(jié)構(gòu)分：簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句；復(fù)合句(名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句) 二、陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句 （二）疑問(wèn)句 2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句 yes/no 3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句 yes/no 4. 反意疑問(wèn)句 (2) 前肯后否；前否后肯 【翻譯】Lucy never gets up early, does she? No, she doesnt. / Yes, she does.

30、 （三）祈使句 動(dòng)詞原形；you；please （四）感嘆句 What + (a/an) + adj. + n.+ (subject + v.)! How + adj./adv. + (subject + v.)! 【填空】How；What；What a；What 三、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句 （三）連詞 并列連詞：簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句順承、并列關(guān)系(and, bothand, as well as, not only but also)，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but)，選擇關(guān)系(or, eitheror, neithernor)， 因果關(guān)系(so, for) 從屬連詞：復(fù)合句（引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)

31、從句的從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞） 四、三大從句 （一）賓語(yǔ)從句 三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài) 連接詞：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how 語(yǔ)序：陳述 時(shí)態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從任；主過(guò)從過(guò)；客觀事實(shí)/真理用一現(xiàn)，is 【難點(diǎn)1】只用連接詞whether的情況 whether；whether；whether 結(jié)論：前有介詞狼，后有不定虎，后有or not，用whether。 【難點(diǎn)2】特殊疑問(wèn)句本身語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序的句子 前四個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句都是陳述語(yǔ)序，不用變；最后一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句放在賓語(yǔ)的位置 需變成陳述語(yǔ)序when we will meet。 【難點(diǎn)

32、3】賓語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換 how to get to the zoo；主語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)；雙賓；賓語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ) （二）狀語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when, while, as, before, after, until, notuntil, as soon as, since 條件狀語(yǔ)從句if, unless, as long as, so long as 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever 原因狀語(yǔ)從句because, since, as 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句sothat, suchthat 目的狀語(yǔ)

33、從句so that, in order that 比較狀語(yǔ)從句asas, not so/asas, than 【難點(diǎn)1】when，while，as的區(qū)別 同時(shí)；先后；同時(shí)；延續(xù)性；when；when；when；while；while；as 【難點(diǎn)2】because, for, since, as的區(qū)別 1）因?yàn)?）既然，因?yàn)?）由于、鑒于4）因?yàn)?、由于；并?【難點(diǎn)3】“主將從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象 一般將來(lái)時(shí)；祈使句；含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；eat；crosses；dont；do；go （三）定語(yǔ)從句 人；who；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 人；whom；賓語(yǔ) 物；which；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 人/物；that；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 人/物；whose；定語(yǔ) 原因(n.)；why；狀語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)(n.)；where；狀語(yǔ) 時(shí)間(n.)；when；狀語(yǔ) 【難點(diǎn)1】定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況 1）不定代詞2）that3）人；物4）最高級(jí)；序數(shù)詞5）that 【難點(diǎn)2】當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)