新課標(biāo)高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)書面表達(dá)資料包　精品整理

1、新課標(biāo)高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)書面表達(dá)資料包精品整理英語寫作的過渡手段歸納眾所周知，要寫出清晰流暢的文章，需要把段落中各部分巧妙地連接在一起。這樣可使文章自然而別致，并能層層展開主題句，完整地表達(dá)中心思想。起連貫作用的過渡詞語可以用來連接段落中的各個(gè)句子，也可以用來連接文章中的各個(gè)段落。下面是在段落中連接句子的例子（段中黑體字為過渡詞）to many foreigners, the american word family is confusing. foreigners often hear an american say my family is coming to visit. in this s

2、entence, family means grandparents and perhaps other relatives. however, at other times, the same american might say, im going to stay home with my family this weekend. in this case, he is talking about his wife and children. this is a much narrower meaning than the first one. using family in this w

3、ay makes a foreigner wonder which term really describes an american family. the answer, of course, is that there are two meanings for the word family in the united states - a narrow one and a broad one. and there is another term - immediate family - to describe something in between.這一段中出現(xiàn)的過渡手法有兩種：一種

4、是過渡詞或詞組，如however, in this case, of course； 另一種是起過渡作用的代詞，如this, one.段與段之間也可以用過渡詞連接，比如but可以連接兩個(gè)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的段落2. 過渡詞語的分類 常用的過渡詞根據(jù)意思和作用的不同，可以分為以下十一類： 1) 用以解釋的過渡詞，比如：now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact 1. the problem, in this case, is hard to solve. 2. furthermore, several people telephon

5、ed the same night. 2) 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞，如：certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important 1. indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable. 2. above all, do not build an open fire in a forest. 3) 表示限制的過渡詞but, however, although, though, yet, except for 1. yet there was still a chance that he would win. 2. except

6、 for one girl, all the hikers returned.4) 用以舉例的過渡詞for example, for instance, thus, such, next 1. for instance, a telegram often costs more than a telephone call. 2. thus the trip finally began.5) 表示遞進(jìn)或補(bǔ)充的過渡詞in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，yet 1. in addition, the tour stops in vancouver. 2. fur

7、thermore, the time for registration has been extended.6) 表達(dá)順序的過渡詞first, second, third, afterward(s)（后來）, meanwhile（幾乎同時(shí)）, thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally, eventually（終于） 1. first, you mail in an application. second, you ask for an appointment. third, you send them three personal references. 2. then

8、you come to a traffic light and turn right.7) 用以表示比較的過渡詞like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too 1. in the same way, we look for a good doctor. 2. similarly, the thais enjoy spicy foods.8) 用以表示對比的過渡詞unlike, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, instead 1. in contrast, the red flui

9、d does not lose its color. 2. the husband wanted a boy, whereas the wife wanted a girl.9) 表示讓步的過渡詞although, nevertheless, of curse, after all, clearly, still, yet 1. he planned, nevertheless, to ask for a promotion. 2. after all, you learn to cook many foods in this job.10) 用以表述結(jié)果的過渡詞therefore, as a

10、 result, consequently,then，thereby，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly, so, otherwise 1. as a result, she became the princes bride. 2. consequently, we opened an account at the bank.11) 用以表示總結(jié)的過渡詞to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in short，in a word，in the long run，in summary 1. to sum up, chr

11、istmas is the most important holiday. 2. in conclusion, a consulate offers more services.上文已經(jīng)講過，除了過渡詞或詞組之外，起過渡作用的還有代詞、同義詞、連接詞和詞的重復(fù)等。下面分別舉例說明。 1. 起過渡作用的代詞例：he asked what that meant. we watched the hikers. they climbed slowly.以上兩句中的深藍(lán)體字分別起句內(nèi)和句間的過渡作用。起過渡作用的代詞在下面例子中的作用很大，沒有它，這段文字就不能成立。it is the most tal

12、ked-of subject in town. every family in the community discusses it half a dozen times a day. you mentioned it to at least one of your friends before you came into the room today. you think about it at least once during every class. its passage is steady. it touched everyone. what isit? it is time. 2

13、. 起過渡作用的同義詞同義詞用得好，不僅有助于文章的連貫，也增加了文采。例如下文：community colleges are like the two-year colleges called junior colleges, or j.c.s. both schools prepare students for four-year colleges. j.c.s offer all the courses most four-year colleges ask their freshmen and sophomores to take. community colleges also gi

14、ve such required courses. but community colleges are also like other institutions called trade schools. both schools offer technical training. trade schools give courses in such areas as carpentry, nursing, television repairing, or photography. community colleges have complete technical courses for

15、students who do not plan to go on to a university.3 重復(fù)詞起過渡作用詞的重復(fù)是常用的連接手法，它可強(qiáng)調(diào)你所要表達(dá)的意思。按方式，還可進(jìn)一步分為絕對重復(fù)和相對重復(fù)。gulls, as they soar, are not always searching for food but merely having fun on the wing. a gull flying along the shore is taking advantages of wind current formed when the sea air strikes the

16、warm land and rises. gulls also love the lower, weaker air currents that form about three feet above the waves. they ride them for hours, tipping from one current to the next. most people think that gulls ride behind boats for the food. but garbage is only a small part of what they eat. clams and fi

17、sh make up most of their diet. the sea gulls follow boats for the tide on the thermal currents the ships create at sea.上面文章中的黑體字就是通過重復(fù)來起承上啟下的作用，與同義詞類似。4.平行結(jié)構(gòu)起承上啟下的作用my mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. dont argue with parents; they will think you dont love th

18、em. dont argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. dont argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. dont argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. my mothers rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words. dont argue.文中的dont argue反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，形成平行結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于段落的

19、流暢和連貫。英語寫作中的常用句型歸納作文中常用句套：下文中出現(xiàn)的a,b,“.”(某事物),sb(somebody),要在寫作中要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)替換.開頭：whenitcomesto.,somethink.thereisapublicdebatetodaythat.aisacommenwayof.,butisitawiseone?recentalytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus. 提出觀點(diǎn)：nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat.itistimeweexplorethetruthof.nowhereinhistoryhastheis

20、suebeenmorevisible.進(jìn)一步提出觀點(diǎn)：.butthatisonlypartofthehistory.anotherequallyimportantaspectis.aisbutoneofthemanyeffects.anotheris.besides,otherreasonsare.提出假想例子的方式：supposethat.justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif.itisreasonabletoexpect.itisnotsurprisingthat.舉普通例子：forexample(instance),.suchasa,b,candsoon(soforth

21、)agoodcaseinpointis.aparticularexampleforthisis.引用：oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid.knowledgeispower,suchistheremardof.thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise.).howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.講故事（先說故事主體），thisstoryisnotrare.,suchdelimmaweoftenmeetindailylife.,thestorystillhasarealisticsignificance.提出原因

22、：therearemanyreasonsfor.why.,foronething,.theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.anydiscussionaboutthisproblemwouldinevitablyinvolves.thefirstreasoncanbeobiviouslyseen.mostpeoplewouldagreethat.somepeoplemayneglectthatinfact.otherssuggestthat.partoftheexplanationis.進(jìn)行對比：theadvantagesforaforoutweig

23、hthedisadvantagesof.althoughaenjoysadistinctadvantage.indeed,acarriesmuchweightthanbwhensthisconcerned.amaybe.,butitsuffersfromthedisadvantagethat.承上啟下：tounderstandthetruthof.,itisalsoimportanttosee.astudyof.willmakethispointclear讓步：certainly,bhasitsownadvantages,suchas.idonotdenythatahasitsownmerit

24、s.結(jié)尾：fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat.insummary,itiswiser.inshort.在作文中引用合適的名言警句，會給你的文章增色許多。這里收集了我本人喜愛的一些名言，可能會對你有用。我們使用引用的位置可以在開頭結(jié)尾或正文段落中，常見的使用形式如下：oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid.knowledgeispower,suchistheremardof.thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise.).howoftenwehearsu

25、chwordslikethere.usefulquotations逆境byrobertcollierineveryadversitythereliestheseedofanequivalentadvantage.ineverydefeatthereisalessonshowingyouhowtowinthevictorynexttime.努力與成功byannlandersopportunitiesareusuallydisguisedashardwork,somostpeopledontrecognizethem.堅(jiān)持byralphwaldoemersonnoonecancheatyouout

26、ofultimatesuccessbutyourselves.confucius孔子ourgreatestgloryisnotinneverfalling.butinrisingeverytimewefall.堅(jiān)持motherteresatokeepalampburningwehavetokeepputtingoilinit.henryfordnothingisparticularlyhardifyoudivideitinuosmalljobs.winstonchurchillnever,never,never,nevergiveup.alberteinsteininuhemiddleofdi

27、fficultyliesopportunity.努力與成功bycrassusthosewhoaimatgreatdeedsmustsuffergreatly.thomasedisonthereisnosubstituteforhardwork.leotolstoithestrongestofallwarriorsarethesetwo-timeandpatience.thomasjeffersonimagreatbelieverinluck,andifindtheharderiwork.themoreihaveofit.robertcolliersuccessisthesumofsmallef

28、forts,repeateddayinanddayout.raya.crocluckisadividendofsweat.themoreyousweat,theluckieryouget.實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)與間接經(jīng)驗(yàn)youlllearnmoreaboutaroadbytravelingit.thanbyconsultingallthemapsintheworld.動機(jī)與結(jié)果vincelombardiwinningisnteverything.butwantingtowinis.johnf.kennedywechoosetogo!tothemoonandotherthings,ootbecausethey

29、areeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.thucydidesthestrongdowhattheywill.theweakdowhattheymust.為人態(tài)度：johnwoodentalentisgodgiven-behumble.fameismangiven-bethankful.conceitisselfgiven-becareful.行動：theodorerooseveltdowhatyoucan,withwhatyouhave,withwhereyouare.publiliussyrusmaximnooneknowswhathecandotillhetries.t

30、erencethereisnothingsoeasybutthatitbecomesdifficultwhenyoudoitreluctantly.thomasfullerawisemanturnschanceintogoodfortune.williamhazlittprosperityisagreatteacher;adversityisagreater.williampennnopains,nopalm;nothorns,nothrone;nogall,noglory;nocross,nocrown.willrogersevenifyoureontherighttrack,youllge

31、trunover.ifyoujustsitthere.opportunityrarelyknocksonyourdoor.knockratheronopportunitysdoorifyouardentlywishtoenter.成功與失敗vincelombardiitsnotwhetheryougetknockeddown.itswhetheryougetupagain.winstonchurchillanoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity;apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.熱情（年輕/年老）ra

32、lphwaldoemersonnothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.信心jamesallenthewilltodospringsfromtheknowledgethatwecando.samueljohnsonfewthingsareimpossibletodiligenceandskill.augheylosttimeisneverfoundagain.voltairenoproblemcanstandtheassaultofsustainedthinking.napoleonvictorybelongstothemostperseveri

33、ng.細(xì)心euipidesleavenostoneunturned.計(jì)劃與工作normanvincentpealeplanyourworkfortodayandeveryday;thenworkyourplan.henryfordfailureisonlytheopportunitytomoreintelligentlybeginagain.thomasedisonistartwherethelastmanleftoff.理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)whatthemindofmancanconceiveandbelieve,themindofamancanachieve.勤奮benjaminfranklinpl

34、oughdeepwhilesluggardssleep.目標(biāo)henrydavidthoreauinthelonerunmenhitonlywhattheyaimat.幸運(yùn)emilydickinsonluckisnotchance.itstoil.fortunesexpensivesmileisearned.勤奮thomasedisongeniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.usefulquotations想象力alberteinsteinimaginationismoreimportantthanknowle

35、dge.挑戰(zhàn)：walterbegehotthegreatpleasureinlifeisdoingwhatpeoplesayyoucannotdo.機(jī)會與準(zhǔn)備abrahamlincolniwillprepareandsomedaymychancewillcome.信心與事實(shí)henryfordwhetheryouthinkyoucanorthinkyoucant-youareright.englishproverbwheretheresawilltheresaway.thereisnofailureexceptingnolongertrying.luckiswhathappenswhenprep

36、arationmeetsopportunity.英文作文52活用句型i. 用于文章主題句ii. 1. 不用說iii. it goes without saying that子句iv. = (it is) needless to say (that)子句v. = it is obvious that子句vi. = obviously, s. + v.vii. 例不用說早睡早起是值得的。viii. it goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.ix. 2. 是不可能的; 無法x. there is no vingxi. = ther

37、e is no way of ving.xii. = there is no possibility of ving.xiii. = it is impossible to v.xiv. = it is out of the question to v.xv. = no one can v.xvi. = we cannot v.xvii. 例不可否認(rèn)的成功的事業(yè)關(guān)鍵在于健康的身心。xviii. there is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.xix. 3. 我深信xx. i am gre

38、atly convinced (that)子句xxi. = i am greatly assured (that)子句xxii. 例我深信預(yù)防是于治療。xxiii. i am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.xxiv. 4. 在各種之中xxv. among various kinds of , xxvi. = of all the , xxvii. 例在各種運(yùn)動中我尤其喜歡慢跑。xxviii. among various kinds of sports, i like jogging in particular. xx

39、ix. 5. 是很容易證明的。xxx. it can be easily proved (that)子句xxxi. 例時(shí)間最珍貴是很容易證明的。xxxii. it can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.xxxiii. 6. 無論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過xxxiv. cannot be overemphasizedxxxv. 例交通安全的重要性無論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。xxxvi. the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.xxxvii. 7. 就我的

40、看法；我認(rèn)為xxxviii. in my opinion, xxxix. = to my mind, . xl. = as far as i am concerned, xli. = i am of the opinion that子句xlii. 例就我的看法打電動玩具既花費(fèi)時(shí)間也有害健康。xliii. in my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.xliv. 8. (a) 每個(gè)人都知道xlv. everyone knows (that)子句xlvi. (b)

41、就我所知xlvii. as far as my knowledge is concerned, xlviii. 例就我所知下列方法對我?guī)椭艽?。xlix. as far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.l. 9. 毫無疑問地li. there is no doubt (that)子句lii. 例毫無疑問地近視在我國的年輕人中是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。liii. there is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem amon

42、g the youth of our country.liv. 10. 根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)lv. according to my personal experience, lvi. = based on my personal experience, lvii. 例根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)微笑已帶給我許多好處。lviii. according to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.lix. 11. 在我認(rèn)識的人當(dāng)中也許沒有一個(gè)人比更值得我尊敬。lx. of all the people i know, perhaps non d

43、eserves my respect more than lxi. 例在我認(rèn)識的人當(dāng)中也許沒有一個(gè)人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。lxii. of all the people i know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than miss chang, my english teacher. lxiii. 12. 在我的求學(xué)過程中我忘不了lxiv. in the course of my schooling. i will never forget lxv. 例在我的求學(xué)過程中我忘不了學(xué)習(xí)英文所遭到的大困難。lxvi. in the cour

44、se of my schooling. i will never forget the great difficulty i encountered in learning english.lxvii. 13. (a) 隨著人口的增加 with the increase/growth of the population, lxviii. (b) 隨著科技的進(jìn)步, with the advance of science and technology, lxix. 例隨著臺灣經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展許多社會問題產(chǎn)生了。lxx. with the rapid development of taiwans ec

45、onomy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.lxxi. 14. (a) 在這信息的年代扮演重要的角色。lxxii. in the age of information and communication, plays an important role.lxxiii. (b) 在今日工業(yè)社會中是生命不可或缺的。lxxiv. in todays industrial society, is indispensable to life.lxxv. 例在這信息的年代計(jì)算機(jī)扮演非常重要的角色。lxxvi. in this age of infor

46、mation and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.lxxvii. 15. 在討論一個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)。lxxviii. in dealing with , one cannot but admit (that)子句lxxix. 例在討論未來的職業(yè)一個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)盡早決定未來的職業(yè)很重要。lxxx. in dealing with ones future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide ones future

47、 career as early as possible.lxxxi. 16. 世上沒有什么比更令我高興。lxxxii. nothing in the world can delight me so much as lxxxiii. 例世上沒有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。lxxxiv. nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.lxxxv. 17. 是必要的 it is necessary that s (should) vlxxxvi. 是重要的 it

48、 is important/essential that s (should) vlxxxvii. 是適當(dāng)?shù)?it is proper that s (should) vlxxxviii. 是緊急的 it is urgent that s (should) vlxxxix. 例我們當(dāng)保持公共場所清潔是應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)摹c. it is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.xci. 18. 每當(dāng)我聽到我就忍不住感到興奮。whenever i hear , i cannot but feel excited.xcii. 每當(dāng)我做 我就忍

49、不住感到悲傷。 whenever i do , i cannot but feel sad.xciii. 每當(dāng)我想到我就忍不住感到緊張。whenever i think of , i cannot but feel nervous.xciv. 每當(dāng)我遭遇我就忍不住感到害怕。whenever i meet with , i cannot but feel frightened.xcv. 每當(dāng)我看到 我就忍不住感到驚訝。whenever i see , i cannot but feel surprised.xcvi. 例每當(dāng)我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲傷。xcvii. when

50、ever i think of the clean brook near my home, i cannot but feel sad.xcviii. = every time i think of the clean brook near my home, i cannot help feeling sad.xcix. 19. 據(jù)說 it is said (that)子句c. 一般認(rèn)為 it is thought (that)子句ci. 大家都知道 it is known (that)子句cii. 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) it is reported (that)子句ciii. 一般預(yù)料 it is exp

51、ected (that)子句civ. 一般估計(jì) it is estimated (that)子句cv. 一般相信 it is believed (that)子句cvi. 例一般相信閱讀增加我們的知識、擴(kuò)大我們的心胸。cvii. it is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.cviii. 20. 的主要理由是cix. the main reason why . is (that)子句cx. 例青少年犯罪的主要理由是社會環(huán)境日一敗壞。cxi. the main reason why the j

52、uveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.cxii. 21. 俗語說得好：。cxiii. well goes an old saying, cxiv. = as an old saying goes(runs, says), cxv. = an old saying goes, cxvi. = its an old saying (that)子句cxvii. 例俗話說得好：誠實(shí)為上策。cxviii. as an old saying goes, honesty is the best policy.cxix. 22. (a) 用下列方法 in the following ways.cxx. (b) 有三個(gè)主要理由。 for three major reasons.cxxi. (c) 要至少我們可做三件事。 to , there are at least three things we can